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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Novel developmental roles of EphA receptors

Cooper, Margaret Ann. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2008. / "Graduate Program in Neuroscience." Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-166).
22

The Roles of Membrane Rafts in CD32A Mediated Formation of a Phagocytic Contact Area

Tolentino, Timothy P. 03 July 2007 (has links)
Membrane rafts are highly dynamic heterogeneous sterol- and sphingolipid-rich micro-domains on cell surfaces. They are generally believed to provide residency for cell surface molecules (e.g., adhesion and signaling molecules) and scaffolding to facilitate the functions of these molecules such as membrane trafficking, receptor transport, cell signaling, and endocytosis. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy and reflection interference microscopy (RIM), we studied the spatial and temporal distributions of membrane rafts and surface receptors, signaling molecules, and cell organelles during the formation of phagocytic contact areas. K562 cells, which naturally express CD32A, a cell surface receptor for the Fc portion of Immuno-globulin g (IgG), was chosen as a model for neutrophils. An opsonized target was modeled using a glass supported lipid bilayer reconstituted with IgG. CD32A was found to cluster and co-localize with membrane rafts. Placing the K562 cells on the lipid bilayer triggered a process of contact area formation that includes binding between receptors and ligands, their recruitment to the contact area, a concurrent membrane raft movement to and concentration in the contact area, and transport of CD32A, IgG, and membrane rafts to the Golgi complex. Characterization of these processes was performed using agents known to disrupt detergent resistant membranes (DRMs), dissolve actin microfilaments, and inhibit myosin motor activity, which abolished the CD32A clusters and prevented the contact area formation. The relevance to phagocytosis of contact area formation between K562 cells and lipid bilayers was demonstrated using micro-beads coated with a lipid bilayer reconstituted with IgG as the opsonized target instead of the glass supported planar lipid bilayer. Disruption of membrane rafts, salvation of the actin cytoskeleton, and inhibition of myosin II activity were found to inhibit phagocytosis. Here we have provided evidence that membrane rafts serve as platforms that are used to pre-cluster CD32A and transport CD32A along the actin cytoskeleton to the site of phagocytic synapse formation, followed by internalization to the Golgi complex.
23

In silico approaches for studying transporter and receptor structure-activity relationships

Chang, Cheng, January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 271 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 245-269). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
24

Kinetic analysis of Fcγ receptor and T cell receptor interacting with respective ligands

Jiang, Ning 12 August 2005 (has links)
Low affinity Fcg receptor III (FcgRIII, CD16) triggers a variety of cellular events upon binding to the Fc portion of IgG. A real-time flow cytometry method was developed to measure the affinity and kinetics of such low affinity receptor/ligand interactions, which was shown as an easily operated yet powerful tool. Results revealed an unusual temperature dependence of reverse rate of CD16aTM dissociating from IgG. Except for a few studies using mammalian cell CD16s, most kinetics analyses use purified aglycosylated extracellular portion of the molecules, making it impossible to assess the importance of the receptor anchor and glycosylation on ligand binding. We used a micropipette adhesion frequency assay to demonstrate that the anchor length affects the forward rate and affinity of CD16s for IgG in a species specific manner, most likely through conformational changes. Receptor glycosylation dramatically reduced ligand binding by 100 folds. T cell receptor (TCR) is arguably the most important receptor in the adaptive human immune system. Together with coreceptor CD4 or CD8, TCR can discriminate different antigen peptides complexed with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule (pMHC), which differ by as few as only one amino acid, and trigger different T cell responses. When T cell signaling was suppressed, TCR had similar affinity and kinetics for agonist and antagonist pMHC whose binding to CD8 was undetectable. TCR on activated T cell had a higher affinity for pMHCs, suggesting that TCRs organize themselves differently on activated T cells than on naïve T cells. In the absence of inhibitors for signaling, TCR binds agonist pMHC with several orders of magnitude higher affinity than antagonist pMHC. In addition, engagement of TCR by pMHC signals an upregulation of CD8 binding to pMHC, which is much stronger than the TCR-pMHC binding. The transition from weak TCR binding to the strong CD8 binding takes place around 0.75 second after TCR in contact with pMHC and can be reduced by several inhibitors of tyrosine and lipid phosphorylation, membrane rafts, and actin cytoskeleton. These results provide new insights to understanding T cell discrimination.
25

Evidence that ARNT plays a role in the regulation of the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer and identification of a putative ARNT ligand

Yavrom, Sheena 01 January 1998 (has links)
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are involved in the regulation of a multitude of developmental processes including cellular differentiation, cellular proliferation and xenobiotic metabolism. Among the members of the bHLH protein family are the products of the Pan gene Pan-1, Pan-2 and ITF -1. Pan proteins have been demonstrated to be required for proper B cell development, suggesting a unique role for Pan proteins during B cell formation. In our study we tested the function of ARNT (Ah receptor nuclear translocator) at the IgH (immunoglobulin heavy chain) enhancer. We were able to determine that ARNT appears to partially down-regulate activation at the IgH enhancer by Pan-1 in transient transfection assays by cotransfection of the multimerized murine form of the IgH enhancer elements 1-1E2, !-LE3 , and 1-1ES upstream of a luciferase reporter gene, a rodent Pan-1 (human homolog E47) expression vector, and an ARNT expression vector. Furthermore, during our investigation we discovered a putative ARNT -binding ligand that increases DNA-binding activity of the ARNT homodimer. This ligand was partially characterized by UV crosslinking studies and a variety of biochemical studies using electrophoretic mobility-shift assays. Preliminary data suggests that it is hydrophilic, heat-stable, small, and non-protein.
26

Etude d'un récepteur orphelin apparenté aux récepteurs aux hormones glycoprotéiques, LGR4 / Study of an orphan receptor belonging to the glycoprotein hormone receptors family, LGR4

Van Schoore, Grégory 07 January 2008 (has links)
Les récepteurs couplés aux protéines G (RCPG) sont impliqués dans la majeure partie des communications intercellulaires. Un grand nombre de RCPG ont été découverts en comparant la séquence des récepteurs connus avec les données fournies par le séquençage du génome humain. Pour plus d'une centaine de ces récepteurs, le ligand activateur ou agoniste est inconnu. Ces récepteurs sont dès lors qualifiés d'orphelins.<p>Les LGR forment une sous-famille de RCPG structurellement proches de la rhodopsine qui comprend les récepteurs aux hormones glycoprotéiques (TSH, LH, hCG, FSH) et à la relaxine. LGR4 est un membre de cette famille dont ni la fonction précise, ni l'agoniste ne sont connus.<p>Dans un premier temps, une cartographie détaillée de l'expression de Lgr4 chez la souris a été obtenue. Nous avons tiré parti de l'existence d'une lignée de souris transgéniques dont le gène Lgr4 a été interrompu par l'introduction d'une cassette comportant deux marqueurs histologiques. L'activité beta-galactosidase d'un de ces marqueurs a été analysée chez les souris hétérozygotes. Ces dernières ne présentent pas de phénotype particulier, ce qui permet d'estimer que l'expression des marqueurs rend effectivement compte de l'expression normale du gène Lgr4. Lgr4 est exprimé dans un grand nombre de structures, notamment dans le cartilage, le rein, les appareils reproducteurs mâle et femelle et certaines cellules du système nerveux.<p>Ensuite, le phénotype des souris homozygotes pour l'inactivation de Lgr4 (LGR4KO) a été exploré. Ces souris présentent à la naissance un poids inférieur à leurs congénères des autres phénotypes. Les mâles sont stériles à cause d'une malformation des tubules efférents et de l'épididyme. Un blocage au niveau des tubules efférents reliant le testicule à l'épididyme contraint les spermatozoïdes à s'accumuler à la sortie du testicule, dans la région du rete testis. De plus, les tubes de l'épididyme, pourtant normaux à la naissance, ne s'allongent pas pour former la structure convolutée habituelle. L'épithélium de ces tubes est aplati et est entouré d'une quantité anormalement élevée de mésenchyme.<p>Dans un troisième temps, des outils nécessaires aux futures tentatives d'identification de l'agoniste naturel de LGR4 ont été réalisés. Il s'agit :(1) d'anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre la partie extracellulaire du récepteur humain. (2) d'un appât moléculaire pour la ‘pêche au ligand’. Cet appât est constitué du domaine extracellulaire du récepteur humain couplé à un marqueur histologique. (3) d'une construction peptidique constituée du domaine extracellulaire du récepteur humain couplé à une queue poly-histidine. Cette construction est destinée à servir de greffon lors de chromatographies d'affinités devant permettre de purifier le ligand. (4) de lignées cellulaires exprimant le récepteur LGR4 humain ainsi que le système æquorine devant permettre de détecter l'activation de ce récepteur.<p>Les données apportées par ce travail montrent un rôle important du récepteur LGR4 au cours du développement et permettent de circonscrire le champ des recherches futures. Ceci, ainsi que les outils moléculaires développés, constitue une base pour l'identification future de l'agoniste et la détermination précise de la fonction de LGR4. / Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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