Orientador: Nelson Prado Alves Pinto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T12:40:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Palludeto_AlexWilhansAntonio_M.pdf: 1520887 bytes, checksum: fd0fdb5d95f963d61e3cc17e5fe1ec88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo é o de revisar as principais interpretações de inspiração marxista da Grande Recessão (2007-2009) e identificar as linhas centrais do debate que se trava em torno das suas origens e características fundamentais. Não tive, naturalmente, a pretensão de realizar um exame exaustivo da crescente literatura sobre o tema. Optei, ao invés disso, por selecionar aqueles estudos que me pareceram representativos das correntes teóricas mais importantes no interior do marxismo contemporâneo e, a partir disso, avaliar as suas respectivas posições no que diz respeito à crise recente. A fim de cumprir o objetivo proposto, o capítulo primeiro estabelece os principais conceitos e a metodologia de trabalho empregados ao longo deste estudo. Apresenta-se uma definição de crise, a distinção entre causa última e causa imediata e, por fim, o corte adotado para a organização da literatura. Foi possível demonstrar, desse modo, a existência de duas grandes abordagens no universo teórico marxista no que se refere aos determinantes últimos da crise recente: A - de um lado, aqueles que atribuem a turbulência à dinâmica de uma fase particular do capitalismo, à forma política/econômica/institucional específica assumida pelo sistema capitalista ao longo das últimas décadas, em suma, ao que se convencionou denominar, em diversos trabalhos, neoliberalismo; B - de outro, aqueles que veem a crise recente como uma manifestação própria da dinâmica capitalista em geral - e não do modo particular que esta supostamente apresenta. No primeiro grupo, Dúmenil, Lévy, Saad-Filho e Kotz, cujos trabalhos foram examinados no capítulo segundo, estão entre seus principais expoentes. Conforme se pôde observar, o argumento daqueles que defendem essa perspectiva centra-se, principalmente, na relação de poder entre as classes que compõem o capitalismo, sobretudo a capitalista e a trabalhadora, e no reflexo da configuração institucional formada a partir desta sobre a economia, particularmente sobre o comportamento do setor financeiro e a distribuição de renda. Por outro lado, segundo as análises empreendidas pelos integrantes do segundo grupo, do qual os adeptos da chamada Interpretação do Sistema Único Temporal da teoria do valor de Marx são os principais representantes, a argumentação baseia-se, sobretudo, no movimento traçado pela taxa de lucro e a acumulação de capital. Segundo demonstra o capítulo terceiro, o declínio da taxa de lucro em virtude da elevação da composição orgânica do capital é a hipótese básica para a explicação da Grande Recessão nessa abordagem / Abstract: The aim of this study is to review the main marxist interpretations of the Great Recession (2007-2009) and identify the main lines of the debate on its origins and fundamental characteristics. I did not intend to do a thorough examination of the growing literature on the subject. I opted, instead, to select those studies that seemed representative of the most important theoretical approaches in the contemporary marxism and then evaluate their respective positions with regard to the recent crisis. In order to achieve the proposed objective, the first chapter sets out the key concepts and methodology used throughout this study. It presents a definition of crisis, the distinction between the ultimate and immediate cause and, finally, the approach adopted to organize the literature. It was possible to demonstrate thereby the presence of two major approaches in the theoretical marxist universe with regard to determining the recent crisis: A - on the one hand, those who attribute the turbulence to the dynamics of a particular phase of capitalism, the specific political/economic/institutional form assumed by the capitalist system over the past decades; in short, to what may be called neoliberalism; B - on the other, those who see the recent crisis as a manifestation of general capitalist dynamics itself - and not the particular form that supposedly assume. In the first group, Dumenil, Levy, Saad-Filho and Kotz, whose works are examined in chapter II, are among its main exponents. As seen above, the argument of those who advocate this perspective focuses mainly on the power relationship between classes that constitute capitalism, especially the capitalist and worker, and the reflection of the institutional setting from that upon the economy, particularly on the behavior of the financial sector and income distribution. By contrast, according to the analyzes undertaken by members of the second group, which the supporters of the so-called Temporal Single System Interpretation of Marx's value theory are the main representatives, the argument is based mainly on the movement of the rate of profit and capital accumulation. As the third chapter demonstrates, the declining rate of profit because of the increasing organic composition of capital is the basic hypothesis to explain the Great Recession in this approach / Mestrado / Ciências Economicas / Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

During the Great Recession of 2007 and 2008, liquidity and credit dried up, threatening the stability of financial institutions, particularly the banking firms. Traditional source of funds from the last resort, the Discount Window of the Federal Reserve System, failed to remedy the liquidity problem. To assuage the liquidity and credit problem, the Federal Reserve System established several emergency lending facilities and provided unprecedented amount of loans to the banking industry. Using a dataset published by Bloomberg LLP in the aftermaths of the financial crisis, which contains daily loan balances from the Fed, I conduct an event study to test whether financial markets are efficient in reflecting all public, anticipated and classified information in security prices. The most important contribution of this dissertation to the finance discipline and literature is the investigation and analysis of the Fed’s unprecedented loans to the banking industry during the Great Recession and the market reaction to it. The second major contribution of this study is the empirical test of strong form efficient market hypothesis, which has not been feasible due to legal data challenges. This dissertation has other contributions to the finance discipline and banking research. First, I develop an algorithm for measuring the amount of borrowing by banks. Second, I introduce a new “loan balance” ratio to traditional list of bank financial ratios. Third, I use event study methodologies to allow for cross-correlation, heteroscedasticity and event induced-variance change in studying US banks’ performance during the Great Recession.

For an introductory macroeconomics course, the discussion of historical relevance helps foster important learning connections. By comparing the Great Depression to the 2008-2009 recession, a macroeconomics instructor can provide students with connections to history. This paper discusses the major causes of each recession, major fiscal policy and monetary policy decisions of both recessions, and the respective relevance in teaching the relationship of each policy to gross domestic product. The teaching points addressed in this paper are directed towards an introductory college-level macroeconomics course, incorporating a variety of theories from historical and economic writers and data from government and central bank sources. A lesson plan is included in an appendix to assist the instructor in implementing the material.