This work has included a review of the most relevant aspects of measurement techniques and mathematical models proposed in the literature to assess the equilibrium and mass transfer data of metal extraction by the use of chelating agents. The limitations of these techniques and models have been highlighted. Three chelating extractants diluted in EscaidllO were used to study the extraction equilibrium of copper. The extractants are 5-nonylacetophenone oxime (LIX84®), 5- dodeylsalicylaldoxime (LIX860®) and 50/50 v/v mixture of both oximes (LIX984®). The copper concentration changes in the aqueous and the organic phases were monitored by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Two mathematical models (a chemical model and a semi-empirical model) have been developed in this study to predict the equilibrium data of copper sulfate/hydroxyoxime system. The chemical model was found to fit all the three equilibrium systems (CuSO4/LIX84®, LIX860®and LIX984®) equally. The semi-empirical model based on Freundlich's adsorption equation was also found to fit the three systems but with less accuracy. The mass transfer characteristics and properties of copper extraction and recovery from an aqueous solution using LIX984® were studied using dispersion-based (rising drops) and dispersion-free techniques. In the dispersion-based technique the organic phase was dispersed in form of drops at the tip of hypodermic needle while the aqueous solution was used as a continuous phase. The extraction process was carried out in four different height columns under wide range of conditions. The effects of the columns' height, the dispersed and the continuous phases concentrations on the metal rate of mass transfer were investigated. It has been found in that the metal's rate of mass transfer and system's overall mass transfer coefficient have remained constant in all four columns. A model utilising the two-film theory, some of the dimensionless groups and the experimental results has been proposed in this work to calculate the local mass transfer coefficients in the dispersed phase and the continuous phase. The overall mass transfer coefficient and the calculated local coefficients were used to account for the reaction rate constant at the interface from the sum of the individual resistances to mass transfer. A dispersion-free technique consisting of a microporous hollow fibre module was used in this study to examine the mass transfer properties of the extraction and stripping processes of copper across an immobilised interface system. The extraction and re-extraction (stripping) processes in this system were conducted under a wide range of operating conditions and produced satisfactory results. In general it has been found that counter current flow arrangement gave higher concentration driving forces which were reflected in form higher metal concentrations at the extract phase. A generalised mathematical model was developed in this study which utilised Wilson's method, the experimental data, some dimensionless groups and the two-film theory to account for local resistances and predict the system's overall mass transfer coefficient. A correlation was established first to calculate mass transfer coefficients using a form of Leveque's equation which relates the two phase's physical properties and the system's parameters. The membrane mass transfer coefficient was calculated from the structural properties of the membrane material. While the resistance at the reaction interface was calculated under set of experimental conditions. The individual coefficients were then used to predict the overall mass transfer coefficient under any set of conditions by using the aditivity approach of the individual resistances to mass transfer. However, further checks and investigations are necessary to validate this model over variety of extraction systems and membrane configurations.

The clinical relevance of vitamin B3, nicotinamide (NAm), has been demonstrated in a variety of injury models to exert a number of therapeutic benefits in the protection against and treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study investigated its efficacy on recovery from TBI in animals of differing ages (6- and 10-months old) that were injured using the controlled cortical impact model and tested for motor and cognitive recovery following injury. Injured animals were treated with NAm or saline following injury and sham-injured animals were included as a control group. It was hypothesized that increasing age reduces the potentiality of recovery from injury as well as a decreased therapeutic benefit derived from the post-injury administration of NAm. The results found that neither the 6- nor 10-month old animals treated with NAm demonstrated improved functional recovery, indicating that age is an important factor in the vitamin's efficacy. These results indicate that the success of possible treatments for TBI needs to also consider the effects of an individual's age on the drug's effectiveness.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

abstract: In my dissertation, I develop a theoretical model that explains how leaders' daily work demands and recovery affect their leadership behaviors. In a departure from the trait approach of leadership which suggests that leaders tend to behave in certain ways that are determined by their heritable characteristics such as personality and intelligence (e.g., Bono & Judge, 2002), and from the contingency approach that suggests leaders behave in ways that are most suitable to the situation based on the needs of followers and the demands of their tasks (e.g., House, 1971), this dissertation draws from the transactional theory of stress (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) and positions the stressful demands that leaders experience at work as important determinants of their leadership behaviors. Specifically, I propose that leaders' daily challenge demands (e.g., workload, time pressure, responsibilities) are positively related to job engagement whereas their daily hindrance demands (e.g., role ambiguity, office politics, and hassles) are negatively related to engagement. Engagement, in turn, is positively related to transformational and transactional leadership and negatively related to laissez-faire leadership and abusive supervision. Meanwhile, both challenge and hindrance demands are positively related to strain, which is negatively related to transformational and transactional leadership, and is positively related to laissez-faire leadership and abusive supervision. In addition, leaders' daily after-work recovery experience influences the mediating roles of engagement and strain in the relationships between work demands and leadership behaviors. Specifically, daily recovery moderates both the first stage (i.e., the linkages between work demands and engagement and strain) and the second stage (i.e., the linkages between engagement and strain and leadership behaviors) of the mediation. I test this two-level dual-stage moderated mediation model using a two-week experience sampling design. The sample consists of 26 supervisors and 73 employees who directly report to these supervisors from the flood control district of a metropolitan county in the Southwest United States. Results suggest that leaders' daily challenge demands have a positive influence on transformational leadership attributable to engagement, a negative influence on abusive supervision attributable to engagement, and a positive influence on abusive supervision attributable to strain. Leaders' daily hindrance demands, in contrast, have a positive influence on abusive supervision attributable to strain. In addition, leaders' daily recovery moderates the relationship between strain and laissez-faire leadership so that hindrance demands have a positive influence on laissez-faire leadership when the individual is poorly recovered. Leaders' daily recovery also moderates the relationship between strain and abusive supervision so that hindrance demands have a stronger positive influence on abusive supervision through strain when the individual is poorly recovered. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Business Administration 2013

This thesis is about the statutes of Acton Burnell (1283) and Merchants (1285) which provided for the voluntary registration of debts before specially established registries, and sophisticated measures of execution against the defaulting debtor's person, goods, and lands. The introduction describes the sources for this thesis; the London Recognisance rolls; the certificates of statute merchant into the Chancery; the Plea Rolls of the Royal courts and of local - principally, borough - courts. Chapter 1 describes the background to the statutes, in particular the recoverability of debts before Royal, local, and mercantile courts before 1283. Chapter 2 explores the immediate legal and political contexts of Acton Burnell. A draft of the statute is discussed and compared with the statute. The need for reform in 1285 is assessed, setting Merchants alongside Westminster II n c.39. The provisions under both statutory schemes for recognition and enrolment of the debt, and the initiation of execution are described. Chapter 4 examines execution against the debtor's movable property. The statutory appraisal, sale and delivery of the debtor's goods are examined and compared both with the draft provisions and common law modes of execution. Appraisers' liability under the statutes is examined. Competing execution against the same debtor is investigated. Chapter 5 examines the debtor's arrest and detention, gaolers' statutory liability, statutory costs and damages. It investigates the operation of the statutes once the debt had been satisfied, the mechanisms for obtaining the debtor's release, and challenges to unlawful imprisonment via the writ audita querela. Chapter 6 examines execution against the debtor's immovable property. The chapter discusses the 'extent' by which the debtor's lands were to be delivered to the creditor under Merchants, and the nature of the creditor's holding of his debtor's immovables (the tenancy 'by statute merchant').

There is increasing awareness that mental health consumers may have important information for the development of services. In this qualitative study, I interviewed 10 consumers with the purpose of exploring in depth their experiences in interacting with service providers in the greater Vancouver area. Using constant comparative analysis, I found that the data suggested participants’ experiences of recovery developed largely out of connecting with other consumers rather than with service providers. Current services were portrayed as primarily reliant on the use of psychiatric medication. Consumers pointed to numerous difficulties in seeking help, including a lack of treatment alternatives, stigma and isolation. They also presented a strong demand for services and policies that promote an individual sense of recovery and support their fundamental human rights. Mental health service providers need to critically reflect on their current practices and policies, and how they may negatively impact their clients' lives by failing to properly listen to their narratives, grievances, experiences and perceptions. This study suggests further inclusion of consumer's views and participation in services to foster collaborative, recovery-oriented practices. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate

This ethnographic study explores the everyday experiences of recovery from an eating disorder. The fieldwork took place in Toronto and Ottawa, Ontario, Canada over a 4 month period in 2013. It involved interviews and participant observation with 12 women who were in various stages of recovery, as well as a reflexive component based on the researcher’s own experiences of recovery. The aim of the study was to uncover what it meant to recover from an eating disorder in terms of everyday eating. Specifically, “How did those in recovery learn to eat?” and “Were they learning to eat in an ‘ordered’ way?” The findings reveal there is a complex and challenging route to ‘ordered’ eating in Canadian society. Contemporary dietary practices compete for authority and popularity while simultaneously offering completely different ways of relating to and knowing food. Those in recovery are therefore lost in a maze of options telling them how to eat ‘right’ which further isolates them. The study shows however that learning to eat in recovery is not about eating in an ‘ordered’ way but more so about situating one’s self in contexts and within relationships; moving with food. It suggests that a way of moving forward in recovery is to let go of the correct ‘order’ to eating and to move forward in its continual making and unmaking.

The divisive city planning and urban fabric of apartheid in Cape Town, South Africa has prevented social and economic growth for much of the population. The types of places invented by human cultures have the potential to be altered by sociopolitical events throughout history, yet little in Cape Town has been accomplished thus far in regards to breaking the patterns of segregation in the built environment. Worldwide, cities dictated by walls have been met with issues of mobility and social integration, raising the question of how design may aid in the transcendence of borders. Efforts towards redevelopment within Cape Town are often misplaced and have the tendency to strengthen the notion of "apartness" as they are not truly connecting people, places and goods to one another. By focusing on connecting disparate communities across boundaries, new development can construct a mobilized future. In order to integrate community and environment, siting at the seam between the mobile and the immobile is required for future growth. In Cape Town the highway is a conduit of freedom and access but exists simultaneously as a physical boundary between poor areas lacking the very access the highway provides. It is along this edge that this thesis will focus on, as it pertains so closely to what needs to be addressed for the growth and development of Cape Town- issues of location, containment and condition, and shifting building goals from that of immobilization, security and control to that of mobilization and new networks; allowing for an increase in physical movement, social progress, and economic growth. / 0 / SPK / specialcollections@tulane.edu