Superconductivity Centennial Conference 2011- EUCAS–ISEC–ICMC (18-23 Sep 2011, The Hague, The Netherlands)

Orientador: João Batista de Miranda / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T02:15:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fehr_GuilhermeLotierso_M.pdf: 1939834 bytes, checksum: cc5de1e132abac0aa03dbc01b5e165a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos dos exercícios em cadeia cinética aberta (CCA) e cadeia cinética fechada (CCF) no tratamento da síndrome da dor femoropatelar (SDFP). Para tanto, 24 voluntários portadores de SDFP foram aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos: grupo I (n=12): realizou exercícios em CCA; Grupo II (n=12): realizou exercícios em CCF. Os grupos foram submetidos a oito semanas consecutivas de tratamento, que consistiu de três sessões semanais realizadas em dias alternados. Para análise dos padrões de ativação dos músculos vasto medial oblíquo (VMO) e vasto lateral (VL) os sinais eletromiográficos (EMG) foram adquiridos com eletrodos bipolares de superfície, quantificados pela raiz quadrada da média (rot mean square ¿ RMS) e normalizados pela contração isométrica voluntária máxima do quadríceps. Por meio de escalas avaliou-se a intensidade da dor e funcionalidade dos voluntários. A análise dos valores da razão VMO/VL nos grupos I e II demonstrou que não houve diferenças significativas entre os tempos pré e pós-tratamento nas fases concêntrica (p>0,05) e excêntrica (p>0,05) dos exercícios em CCA e CCF. Apesar disso, o músculo VMO apresentou menor taxa de ativação em relação ao VL na fase excêntrica do exercício em CCF. Foram encontrados aumentos significativos na funcionalidade (p<0,05) e redução da intensidade da dor (p<0,05) entre os tempos pré e pós-tratamento em ambos os grupos, porém, o grupo II mostrou-se superior ao grupo I nestas duas variáveis. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que, de acordo com as condições experimentais utilizadas, os exercícios em CCA e CCF não provocaram mudanças nos padrões de ativação EMG dos músculos VMO e VL, entretanto, mostraram-se efetivos no tratamento da SDFP e promoveram melhora da funcionalidade e redução da intensidade da dor após oito semanas de intervenção, sendo que os exercícios em CCF foram superiores aos em CCA / Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of exercises in open kinetic chain (OKC) and closed kinetic chain (CKC) in patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Therefore, 24 volunteers with FPPS were randomly divided in two groups: group I (n=12): exercised in OKC; group II (n=12): exercised in CKC. The groups were under treatment for eight weeks in a row, having three sessions a week, carried out every other day. In order to assess the activation patterns of vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles, the electromyographic signs (EMG) were received by bipolar surface electrodes, quantified by root mean square (RMS) and normalized by the maximum voluntary isometric contraction of the quadriceps. The intensity of the pain and the volunteers¿ functionality were evaluated by scales. The analysis of the VMO/VL ratio in groups I and II showed that there weren¿t any significant differences between pre and post treatment periods in the concentric (p>0.05) and eccentric (p>0.05) phases of the exercises in OKC and CKC. Besides that the VMO muscle showed lower activation rate in relation to VL, in the eccentric phase of CKC exercises. Significant increases in functionality (p<0.05) and reduction in pain intensity (p<0.05) were found between pre and post treatment periods in both groups, however, group II was superior to group I in both variables. The results of this study suggest that, according to the experimental conditions used, OKC and CKC exercises did not stimulate changes in EMG activation patterns of VMO and VL muscles; nevertheless they were effective in PFPS treatment and promoted the functionality improvement and the reduction of the pain intensity after eight weeks of intervention, but CKC were better than OKC / Mestrado / Cirurgia / Mestre em Cirurgia

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第23316号 / 情博第752号 / 新制||情||128(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 多々納 裕一, 教授 畑山 満則, 准教授 大西 正光 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DGAM

Effective cochlear implant fitting (or programming) is essential for providing good hearing outcomes, yet it is a subjective and error-prone task. The initial objective of this research was to automate the procedure using the auditory nerve electrically evoked compound action potential (the ECAP) and machine intelligence. The Nucleus?? cochlear implant measures the ECAP via its Neural Response Telemetry (NRT™) system. AutoNRT™, a commercial intelligent system that measures ECAP thresholds with the Nucleus Freedom™ implant, was firstly developed in this research. AutoNRT uses decision tree expert systems that automatically recognise ECAPs. The algorithm approaches threshold from lower stimulus levels, ensuring recipient safety during postoperative measurements. Clinical studies have demonstrated success on approximately 95% of electrodes, measured with the same efficacy as a human expert. NRT features other than ECAP threshold, such as the ECAP recovery function, could not be measured with similar success rates, precluding further automation and loudness prediction from data mining results. Despite this outcome, a better application of the ECAP threshold profile towards fitting was established. Since C-level profiles (the contour of maximum acceptable stimulus levels across the implant array) were observed to be flatter than T-level profiles (the contour of minimum audibility), a flattening of the ECAP threshold profile was adopted when applied as a fitting profile at higher stimulus levels. Clinical benefits of this profile scaling technique were demonstrated in a 42 subject study. Data mining results also provided an insight into the ECAP recovery function and refractoriness. It is argued that the ECAP recovery function is heavily influenced by the size of the recruited neural population, with evidence gathered from a computational model of the cat auditory nerve and NRT measurements with 21 human subjects. Slower ECAP recovery, at equal loudness, is a consequence of greater neural recruitment leading to lower mean spike probabilities. This view can explain the counterintuitive association between slower ECAP recovery and greater temporal responsiveness to increasing stimulation rate. This thesis presents the first attempt at achieving completely automated cochlear implant fitting via machine intelligence; a future generation implant, capable of high fidelity auditory system measurements, may realise the ultimate objective.