Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaPJS_DISSERT.pdf: 3475683 bytes, checksum: 0a1aca9ea1cc67fdf9f54a968369acd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-08 / The large investment in exploration activities offshore Brazil has generated new findings, generally in carbonate reservoirs, with different wettability conditions usually considered in the sandstone, strongly water-wet. In general, the carbonates reservoirs tend to be oil-wet, it difficult to mobilize of oil these reservoirs. These oils can be mobilized by different methods, or it may reverse the wettability of the surface of the reservoir and facilitate the flow of oil, improving production rates. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the influence of inversion on the wettability of the rock in the production and recovery of petroleum from carbonate reservoirs, using microemulsions. Three systems were chosen with different classes of surfactants: a cationic (C16TAB), an anionic (SDS) and nonionic (Unitol L90). Studies of the influence of salinity on the formation of the microemulsion as well as the characterization of fluids using density and viscosity measurements were also performed. To verify the potential of microemulsion systems in changing the wettability state of the chalk oil-wet to water-wet, contact angle measurements were performed using chalk of neutral-wet as surface material. Overall, with respect to the ionic character of the surfactants tested, the cationic surfactant (C16TAB) had a greater potential for reversal in wettability able to transform the rock wettability neutral to strongly water-wet, when compared with the anionic surfactant (SDS) and nonionic (Unitol L90), which showed similar behavior, improving the wettability of the rock to water. The microemulsions of all surfactants studied were effective in oil recovery, resulting in 76.92% for the system with C16TAB, 67.42% for the SDS and 66.30% for Unitol L90 of residual oil / O grande investimento em atividades explorat?rias no mar brasileiro tem gerado novas descobertas, geralmente em reservat?rios carbon?ticos, com condi??es de molhabilidade diferentes das usualmente consideradas em reservat?rios aren?ticos, fortemente molh?veis ? ?gua. De uma maneira geral, os reservat?rios carbon?ticos tendem a ser molh?veis ao ?leo, dificultando a mobiliza??o do ?leo no reservat?rio. Esses ?leos podem ser mobilizados por diferentes m?todos, ou ainda, pode-se inverter a molhabilidade da superf?cie do reservat?rio e facilitar o escoamento do ?leo, melhorando os ?ndices de produ??o. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a influ?ncia da invers?o na molhabilidade da rocha na produ??o e recupera??o de petr?leo de reservat?rios carbon?ticos, utilizando sistemas microemulsionados. Foram escolhidos tr?s tensoativos de classes diferentes: um cati?nico (C16TAB), um ani?nico (SDS) e um n?o-i?nico (Unitol L90). Estudos da influ?ncia da salinidade na forma??o da microemuls?o, bem como a caracteriza??o dos fluidos atrav?s de medidas de densidade e viscosidade, tamb?m foram realizados. Para verificar o potencial dos sistemas microemulsionados em alterar a molhabilidade da rocha carbon?ticas de molh?vel ao ?leo para molh?vel a ?gua, medidas de ?ngulo de contato foram realizadas utilizando calc?rio de molhabilidade neutra como material de superf?cie. Pode-se observar, com rela??o ao car?ter i?nico dos tensoativos testados, que o tensoativo cati?nico (C16TAB) apresentou um potencial maior de invers?o na molhabilidade conseguindo transformar a rocha de molhabilidade neutra para fortemente molh?vel ? ?gua, quando comparado aos demais tensoativos, ani?nico (SDS) e n?o-i?nico (Unitol L90), que apresentaram comportamento semelhante entre eles, melhorando tamb?m a molhabilidade da rocha ? ?gua, mas em menor intensidade. As microemuls?es de todos os tensoativos estudados mostraram-se efetivas na recupera??o de petr?leo, obtendo-se 76,92% para o sistema com C16TAB, 67,42% para o SDS e 66,30% para o Unitol L90 de recupera??o do ?leo residual in place

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-13T12:25:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcelAraujoRocha_DISSERT.pdf: 5011334 bytes, checksum: d4996c7516aeda7455db92bc1ebfc1d5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-23T13:23:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcelAraujoRocha_DISSERT.pdf: 5011334 bytes, checksum: d4996c7516aeda7455db92bc1ebfc1d5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-23T13:23:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcelAraujoRocha_DISSERT.pdf: 5011334 bytes, checksum: d4996c7516aeda7455db92bc1ebfc1d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-14 / A explora??o de reservas de hidrocarbonetos pesados e extrapesados ? de interesse primordial para muitas companhias de petr?leo, uma vez que, a magnitude desses recursos representa parte da energia mundial. A produ??o de ?leo pesado, a partir de dep?sitos subterr?neos, ? complexa, at? mesmo sob as melhores circunst?ncias, devido principalmente ? elevada viscosidade do ?leo. Para melhor desenvolver o processo de produ??o, tornando-o eficiente, de maneira que os fluidos que n?o seriam produzidos consigam chegar ? superf?cie, foram desenvolvidos m?todos de recupera??o convencionais e especiais, para obten??o de um maior fator de recupera??o e, consequentemente, uma maior lucratividade na opera??o de explota??o dessas jazidas. Para reduzir a alta viscosidade e as elevadas tens?es interfaciais, foram desenvolvidos os m?todos t?rmicos. Nesse trabalho, simulou-se a inje??o continua de vapor, com po?os injetores verticais e horizontais, para desenvolver um reservat?rio com caracter?sticas do Nordeste brasileiro, de ?leo pesado, atrav?s da condu??o dos fluidos produzidos com po?o horizontal. Foram feitas an?lises t?cnicas e econ?micas dos modelos que diferiam quanto ?s suas restri??es e arranjos estruturais do sistema. Na configura??o horizontal se observou a influ?ncia da vaz?o de inje??o, da dist?ncia vertical e da dist?ncia lateral sobre o fator de recupera??o. Na configura??o vertical se analisou a influ?ncia da vaz?o de inje??o, da completa??o dos injetores, da dist?ncia lateral e da quantidade de po?os injetores sobre o fator de recupera??o. Diante dos modelos proposto, analisou-se a produ??o acumulada de ?leo, o Volume Poroso Injetado, a forma??o das c?maras de vapor e o Valor Presente L?quido. Tecnicamente, os modelos em que se injetou vapor com po?os verticais obtiveram maior fator de recupera??o de ?leo, j? os modelos horizontais se sobressa?ram economicamente. / The reserves exploration of heavy and extra heavy hydrocarbon is of prime interest to many oil companies, since the magnitude of these resources the magnitude of these resources still stands out on the global and Brazilian energy matrix. The production of heavy oil, from the underground deposits is complex, even on the best of circumstances, mainly due to the high viscosity of the oil. To further develop the process of production, making it efficient, so that the fluids that would not be produced get to reach the surface, complementary recovery methods and advanced were developed to obtain a higher recovery factor and, hence, greater profitability in operation exploitation of these deposits. To combat the high viscosity and high interfacial tensions, thermal methods were developed. In this work, the steam injection continues was simulated in vertical and horizontal injection wells, to develop a reservoir with characteristics of the Brazilian Northeast of heavy oil, by conducting fluid produced with horizontal well. Technical and economic analyzes were made of the models that differ in their structural constraints and system arrangements. In horizontal configuration was observed the influence of the injection flow, of the vertical distance and of the lateral distance over the recovery factor. In vertical configuration was analyzed the influence of the injection flow, of the injection wells completion, of the lateral distance and the amount of injection wells over the recovery factor. Faced the proposed models, was analyzed the cumulative oil production, the Pore Volume Injected, the formation of steam chambers and the Net Present Value. Technically, the models in which steam is injected with vertical wells had higher recovery factor of oil, since the horizontal models stood out economically.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-10T16:44:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ZildianyIbiapinaMeneses_TESE.pdf: 5538896 bytes, checksum: aeb6e8b7a1071f0fe7d56cd5089c7e65 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-10T21:58:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ZildianyIbiapinaMeneses_TESE.pdf: 5538896 bytes, checksum: aeb6e8b7a1071f0fe7d56cd5089c7e65 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-10T21:58:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ZildianyIbiapinaMeneses_TESE.pdf: 5538896 bytes, checksum: aeb6e8b7a1071f0fe7d56cd5089c7e65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-23 / As nanoemuls?es s?o sistemas geralmente compostos por tensoativos, fase aquosa e fase oleosa. Podem variar de acordo com a composi??o, tamanho das got?culas dispersas, aspecto, aplica??es, dentre outros. Apresentam got?culas dispersas em escala nanom?trica, estabilidade cin?tica e aspecto transparente a transl?cido. Dentre suas vantagens, destaca-se a maior superf?cie de contato devido ao tamanho das got?culas dispersas, associado ? menor quantidade de mat?ria ativa. Este trabalho prop?e produzir novas nanoemuls?es atrav?s da dilui??o de microemuls?o com sua fase aquosa ou com fase aquosa polim?rica salina, e aplica??o na recupera??o de petr?leo em rochas carbon?ticas. A microemuls?o precursora ? composta por tensoativos ani?nico e n?o i?nico (UNT-L90 e sab?o base), cotensoativo (n-butanol), fase oleosa (querosene) e fase aquosa (solu??o de NaCl a 3,50%). Os sistemas nanoemulsionados foram estudados em rela??o ao percentual de tensoativos (1,00%, 1,25%, 2,00%, 2,50%, 5,00% e 7,00%) e ? presen?a de pol?meros (ani?nico e cati?nico, a 0,08%). Os sistemas propostos neste estudo foram caracterizados usando as seguintes t?cnicas: tamanho de got?cula, turbidez, tens?o superficial, tens?o interfacial, condutividade el?trica, pH, ?ndice de refra??o, densidade, reologia e SAXS. A microemuls?o e as nanoemuls?es, sem pol?mero, foram caracterizadas como fluidos Newtonianos, enquanto as nanoemuls?es polim?ricas como fluidos pseudopl?sticos. A microemuls?o foi termodinamicamente est?vel, transparente e com got?culas monodispersas, com 11,8 nm de di?metro. Os sistemas nanoemulsionados foram metaest?veis, com got?culas variando de 16,80 nm a 61,40 nm. Os sistemas microemulsionado e nanoemulsionados apresentaram micelas diretas do tipo ?miolo-casca? em seu interior. A microemuls?o e algumas nanoemuls?es estudadas foram utilizadas na recupera??o avan?ada de petr?leo, aplicadas a um reservat?rio carbon?tico contendo ?leo leve. Os melhores resultados foram de 99,56% e 75,18% de extra??o do ?leo remanescente, para a microemuls?o e nanoemuls?o, respectivamente; com recupera??es totais de ?leo original de 99,73% e 83,28%. O efeito sin?rgico entre o meio salino, micelas e pol?mero favoreceu a recupera??o de ?leo com as nanoemuls?es; cujo melhor resultado foi obtido com a NanoD2, composta por 2,50% de tensoativos, 3,50% de NaCl e 0,08% do pol?mero AN 934 PWG; embora as propriedades da rocha tamb?m tenham influ?ncia. O trabalho mostrou que nanoemuls?es e microemuls?es podem ser alternativas vi?veis para aplica??o em recupera??o avan?ada de petr?leo. / Nanoemulsions are systems generally composed by surfactant, aqueous phase and oil phase. These systems may vary according to their composition, size of dispersed droplets, appearance, applications, among others. They have nano-scale dispersed droplets, kinetic stability and an appearance from transparent to translucent. Among their advantages, it may be highlighted the large contact surface, due to the size of the dispersed droplets, associated with smaller amount of active matter. This research proposes the production of new nanoemulsions, through the dilution of microemulsion, with its aqueous phase or with saline polymeric aqueous phase, and their use to recover oil in carbonate rocks. The precursor microemulsion is composed of nonionic and anionic surfactants (UNT-L90 and soap base), cosurfactant (n-butanol), oil phase (kerosene) and aqueous phase (NaCl solution at 3.50%). The nanoemulsionated systems were studied based on the percentage of surfactants (1.00%, 1.25%, 2.00%, 2.50%, 5.00% and 7.00%) and on the presence of polymers (anionic and cationic, at 0.08%). The proposed systems were characterized by using the following techniques: droplet size, turbidity, surface tension, interfacial tension, electrical conductivity, pH, refractive index, density, rheology, and SAXS. The microemulsion and the nanoemulsions, without polymers, were characterized as Newtonian fluids, while the polymeric nanoemulsions were characterized as pseudoplastic fluids. The microemulsion was thermodynamically stable, transparent and had monodispersed droplets with a diameter of 11.80 nm. The nanoemulsionated systems were metastable, with droplets ranging from 16.80 nm to 61.40 nm. The microemulsionated and nanoemulsionated systems presented direct micelles, with a core-shell inner type. The microemulsion and some studied nanoemulsions were applied as an enhanced oil recovery method, through carbonate rocks containing light oil. The best results extracted 99.56% and 75.18% of the remaining oil, for the microemulsion and nanoemulsion, respectively, with total oil recovery of 99.73% and 83.28%. The synergic effect among saline medium, micelles and polymer favored the oil recovery with nanoemulsions; whose best result was obtained by NanoD2, composed of 2.50% surfactants, 3.50% NaCl and 0.08% of the AN 934 PWG polymer; although the rock properties also influences the process. The work showed that nanoemulsions and microemulsions can be viable alternatives for application in enhanced oil recovery.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GuymmannCS_DISSERT-.pdf: 2904070 bytes, checksum: 4cd1c00978977c422c79766db70f2678 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Alkyl polyethoxylates are surfactants widely used in vastly different fields, from oil exploitation to pharmaceutical applications. One of the most interesting characteristics of these surfactants is their ability to form micellar systems with specific geometry, the so-called wormlike micelle. In this work, microemulsions with three distinct compositions (C/T = 40 %, 30 % and 25 %) was used with contain UNITOL / butanol / water / xylene, cosurfactant / surfactante (C/S) ratio equal to 0,5. The microemulsion was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), capillary viscometry, torque rheometry and surface tensiometry experiments carried out with systems based on xylene, water, butanol (cosurfactant) and nonaethyleneglycolmonododecyl ether (surfactant), with fixed surfactant:cosurfactant:oil composition (with and without oil phase) and varying the overall concentration of the microemulsion. The results showed that a transition from wormlike micelles to nanodrops was characterized by maximum relative viscosity (depending on how relative viscosity was defined), which was connected to maximum effective diameter, determined by DLS. Surface tension suggested that adsorption at the air water interface had a Langmuir character and that the limiting value of the surfactant surface excess was independent of the presence of cosurfactant and xylene. The results of the solubilization of oil sludge and oil recovery with the microemulsion: C/S = 40%, 30% and 25% proved to be quite effective in solubilization of oil sludge, with the percentage of solubilization (%solubilization) as high as 92.37% and enhanced oil recovery rates up to 90.22% for the point with the highest concentration of active material (surfactant), that is, 40%. / Os tensoativos alquil-polietoxilados s?o amplamente utilizados em diferentes campos, desde a explota??o de petr?leo at? aplica??es na ind?stria farmac?utica. Uma das caracter?sticas mais interessantes destes tensoativos ? a sua capacidade de formar sistemas micelares que apresentam uma geometria micelar espec?fica, a chamada micela wormlike, tipo verme . Neste trabalho, foram utilizados tr?s pontos de microemuls?o: C/T = 40 %, C/T = 30 % e C/T = 25 % num sistema contendo UNITOL/xileno/butanol/?gua. Esses pontos de microemuls?o foram caracterizados por espalhamento de luz din?mico (DLS), viscosimetria capilar, reometria de torque e tens?o superficial com composi??es de tensoativo, cotensoativo e ?leo fixo - 5 % (com e sem fase ?leo) e variando a concentra??o total dos pontos de microemuls?o. Os resultados mostraram que a transi??o da geometria de micela wormlike para nanogotas poderia ser caracterizada por um m?ximo na viscosidade relativa (dependendo de como a viscosidade foi definida), que foi vinculado a um m?ximo de di?metro efetivo, determinada por DLS. A tens?o superficial sugeriu que a adsor??o na interface ?gua/ar tinha um car?ter de Langmuir, o limite de excesso da superf?cie do tensoativo ? independente da presen?a de cotensoativo e do xileno, e que o valor limite do excesso superficial foi independente da presen?a de cotensoativo e xileno. Os resultados da solubiliza??o da borra de petr?leo e da recupera??o avan?ada de petr?leo com os pontos de microemuls?o C/T = 40 %, C/T = 30 % e C/T = 25 %, se mostraram bastante eficaz com solubiliza??o da borra de petr?leo, com porcentagem de solubiliza??o (% solubiliza??o) at? 92,37 %, e recupera??o avan?ada de petr?leo de at? 90,22 % para o ponto que apresenta maior concentra??o de mat?ria ativa (tensoativo), ou seja, C/T = 40 %.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-03-22T19:35:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AldayrDantasDeAraujoJunior_TESE.pdf: 6801282 bytes, checksum: 6465e3e1ed3f877f913f31049263ffc2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-28T19:14:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AldayrDantasDeAraujoJunior_TESE.pdf: 6801282 bytes, checksum: 6465e3e1ed3f877f913f31049263ffc2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-28T19:14:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AldayrDantasDeAraujoJunior_TESE.pdf: 6801282 bytes, checksum: 6465e3e1ed3f877f913f31049263ffc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-29 / O ?xito atingido pelos m?todos t?rmicos de recupera??o, em ?leos pesados, motivou o surgimento de estudos relacionados com a utiliza??o de ondas eletromagn?ticas como fontes geradoras de calor em reservat?rios de petr?leo. Desta maneira, essa gera??o ? obtida atrav?s de tr?s tipos de processos distintos de acordo com o intervalo de frequ?ncias utilizado. S?o eles: o aquecimento eletromagn?tico indutivo, o resistivo e o diel?trico, tamb?m conhecido como por radia??o. O presente estudo foi baseado em simula??es computacionais em reservat?rios de petr?leo com caracter?sticas similares aos encontrados nas bacias sedimentares do Nordeste brasileiro. Todos os casos estudados foram simulados usando o programa STARS, da CMG (Computer Group, Modelagem vers?o 2012.10). Algumas simula??es levaram em considera??o a inser??o de part?culas eletricamente sens?veis em determinados setores do modelo de reservat?rio estudado atrav?s de fraturas. A proposta deste trabalho ? a utiliza??o do aquecimento eletromagn?tico por indu??o como m?todo de recupera??o de ?leos pesados, para verificar a influ?ncia dessas part?culas acima citadas no modelo de reservat?rio utilizado. Foram feitas an?lises comparativas envolvendo o aquecimento eletromagn?tico indutivo, a opera??o do fraturamento hidr?ulico e a inje??o de ?gua em diferentes situa??es do modelo de reservat?rio estudado. Foi constatado que fraturando o po?o injetor com o intuito de que o aquecimento eletromagn?tico ocorra no mesmo po?o em que h? a inje??o de ?gua, houve um acr?scimo consider?vel do fator de recupera??o e produ??o acumulada de ?leo em rela??o aos modelos em que o fraturamento hidr?ulico ocorria no po?o produtor e a inje??o de ?gua no po?o injetor. Este fato se deve ? gera??o de vapor in situ no reservat?rio. / The success achieved by thermal methods of recovery, in heavy oils, prompted the emergence of studies on the use of electromagnetic waves as heat generating sources in oil reservoirs. Thus, this generation is achieved by three types of different processes according to the frequency range used. They are: the electromagnetic induction heating, the resistive and the dielectric, also known as radiation. This study was based on computer simulations in oil reservoirs with characteristics similar to those found in the sedimentary basins of the Brazilian Northeast. All cases studied were simulated using the software STARS, CMG (Computer Group, version 2012.10 Modeling). Some simulations took into account the inclusion of electrically sensitive particles in certain sectors of the reservoir model studied by fracturing. The purpose of this work is the use of the electromagnetic induction heating as a recovery method of heavy oil, to check the influence of these aforementioned particles on the reservoir model used. Comparative analyses were made involving electromagnetic induction heating, the operation of hydraulic fracturing and the injection of water to the different situations of the reservoir model studied. It was found that fracturing the injection well in order that the electromagnetic heating occurs in the same well where there is water injection, there was a considerable increase in the recovery factor and in the cumulative oil production in relation to the models in which hydraulic fracturing occurred in the production well and water injection in the injection well. This is due to the generation of steam in situ in the reservoir.