The diploma thesis deals with the current topic of the European Union withdrawal process as the impact of the British referendum in 2016. The first part analyzes the voting results and the events that followed the referendum. The next part examines the process of the UK's withdrawal from the European Union since the activation of Article 50 of the EU Treaty by March 2019. The following chapter deals with the identification of key and critical points during the UK-European Union negotiations. In the last chapter of the thesis, it will evaluate the current negotiation process by identifying successful and unsuccessful points that lead to recommendations for further negotiations on EU exit.

Thesis deals with the content of both campaigns LEAVE and REMAIN in the British referendum, talks about the main leaders and arguments. Emphasizes the role of political marketing as an important aspect affecting the outcome of the referendum, analyzes the channels through which both sides of the campaign communicated with the voters. Data was recieved from books, as well as internet resources. Based on analysis of these points, the thesis reveals the discourse of the referendum.

Nationalist discourse has played an important role in the breakup of Yugoslavia, with particularly extensive influence on the future of the republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina. The tensions raised by ethno-nationalist rhetoric would lead to a 1992-1995 War that effectively segregated the population of Bosnia into three ethnic camps and destroyed the country's trademark multiculturalism. Bosnia emerged from the war as a weak union of two ethno-territories; the Bosniak-Croat Federation (FBiH) and the Serb-dominated Republic of Srpska (RS). During the first post-war decade, it made considerable progress towards reconciliation and Euro-Atlantic integrations. However, in May of 2006 the Prime Minister of RS Milorad Dodik made first of a series of comments that advocated the right of RS to hold independence referendum, signalizing a major return of inflammatory and divisive ethno-nationalist rhetoric. What we can call "RS Referendum Discourse" is not exactly a new object or desire, but its articulation and expression from 2006 onwards deserves careful consideration on its own merits. This thesis seeks to document the emergence and performative structure of the RS Referendum Discourse through a textual analysis of how it was registered and recorded in two Bosnian daily newspapers. The research is an empirical study of nationalism as expressed in discourse on the future of the Bosnian state. / Master of Arts

The purpose of this dissertation was to determine the degree of acceptance of the referendum impasse resolution procedure in education and to determine under what conditions such a procedure would be most readily accepted. A survey research design was used. Teacher negotiation statutes of the fifty states were categorized into four strata. One representative state from each strata was selected (Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia), Specific populations were assigned representation of the major interest groups in teacher negotiations (school board chairmen, local association presidents, local superintendents, and local elected officials) and were sampled within the selected states. lt was concluded from the principal findings that the degree of acceptance of the referendum procedure was generally greater than the acceptance of interest arbitration, the strike, or the absence of an impasse resolution procedure. The conditions which contributed to the acceptance of the procedure included: the district's labor relations environment; the district's financial dependency; the district's average teacher salary; the district's community type; and experience with, and the perceptions of, other impasse resolution procedures used in the district. The study provided several implications for the education profession. The referendum impasse resolution procedure is a potentially viable alternative impasse procedure for education negotiation impasse. The referendum procedure is most likely to be accepted in states or localities where interest arbitration and/or the strike are commonly used. / Ed. D.

El referéndum es una institución de participación directa en los asuntos públicos del Estado que aparece en el Perú recién con la Constitución de 1993, esencialmente como un derecho político ciudadano, si bien puede ser también utilizado en el contexto de la reforma constitucional y del proceso de descentralización. Sin embargo, se trata aún de una institución poco o mal conocida al extremo que, desde que entró en vigor la Constitución y hasta la fecha, no se ha realizado ningún referéndum salvo las consultas populares que tuvieron lugar en octubre de 2005 en el marco de la descentralización. El primer referéndum a ser celebrado por iniciativa ciudadana será la consulta sobre el FONAVI y tendrá lugar el 3 de octubre próximo, no obstante tener por objeto un proyecto normativo de indudable incidencia presupuestal. Por otro lado, no existiría en el Perú un estudio completo que dé cuenta exhaustiva del referéndum en tanto institución, incluyendo sus orígenes doctrinarios, su normatividad y la jurisprudencia constitucional que se hubiera generado en torno al ejercicio de dicho derecho. Por consiguiente, la presente tesis tiene por objeto contribuir a suplir dicha laguna mediante un análisis de los tres elementos citados: doctrina, regulación legal y jurisprudencia constitucional. A modo de gran conclusión, se puede señalar que el término de referéndum es usado en la normatividad peruana con una diversidad de sentidos que corresponden a una diversidad de instituciones de la democracia semi-directa y que no ha sido configurado para ser utilizado de manera real y efectiva por la ciudadanía. Y también que la escasa jurisprudencia constitucional tampoco ha contribuido a que sea mejor comprendido doctrinariamente y utilizado políticamente de manera provechosa.

The creation of devolved institutions in Scotland and Wales in 1999 provided nationalist parties in both the opportunity to act within an institution solely within their nation’s territorial boundaries. In 2007, they entered government for the first time. In so doing, the Scottish National Party and Plaid Cymru embarked upon public engagement strategies in office which were designed to build support for their constitutional ambitions – namely, independence for Scotland and (in the short-term) full legislative powers for the National Assembly for Wales, as outlined in the Government of Wales Act 2006. This thesis explores the public engagement strategy of both parties, focusing on the respective consultations of the parties in government – A National Conversation and the All Wales Convention¬ – and the following campaign for (in Scotland) and at (in Wales) a referendum intended to deliver their preferred outcome. The aim of this thesis is to consider why public engagement strategies were considered the best vehicle to take forward the respective parties’ constitutional goals and to evaluate the success each party achieved in relation to these objectives. This thesis argues that, while both the SNP and Plaid Cymru have achieved some success with regard to their constitutional objectives, this success can be measured differently depending whether short-term or long-term goals are the defining standard. In Wales, Plaid Cymru’s constitutional consultation found limited engagement with the wider Welsh population, and though the referendum succeeded in securing legislative powers for the National Assembly for Wales, public engagement with the constitutional debate in Wales continues to lack enthusiasm. By contrast, the SNP’s National Conversation saw more enthusiastic engagement, but without a referendum at the end of the process, a clear lack of a tangible short-term outcome. However, the SNP in government did succeed in moving the constitutional debate firmly onto the political agenda, and engagement in this debate is now widespread in Scottish society, particularly in the wake of an agreement to hold an independence referendum in autumn 2014.

The objective of the submitted diploma thesis is to analyze the subject of a direct democracy system in the Czech Republic focusing on the local level of governance. The possibility of being able to participate imminently in the municipal government and thus amending the current representative model became the subject of not only political discussions over the last few years. The thesis is composed of a foreword and five chapters, which are hereafter divided to subchapters for better transparency. Findings and author suggestions concerning the possible future forms of the local democracy are summarized in the conclusion. The introductory chapter presents the direct democracy in a theoretical way and shows how it differs from the representative democracy model. It also contains the definition of the five most respected forms of a direct democracy, which are: referendum, plebiscite, citizen initiative, petition and recall. Following two chapters are focused on the situation in Czech Republic, first in general, then with an emphasis on the municipal scene. Efforts to establish an individual form of a direct democracy can be observed already from the year 1918 with various results, new possibilities appeared later as Czech Republic had entered supranational communities. A local referendum still remains...

General Election to the House of Commons Abstract The aim of this thesis is to analyze the electoral process of general elections to the House of Commons of the British Parliament. The text analyzes the problematics of the two basic questions. The first question is, in regards to the scope, more comprehensive, and it is an analysis of the aforementioned general elections. The second area of the matters relates closely to the first area and concerns the referendum on changing the electoral system in 2011. The text is logically structured into four chapters, which are usually further divided into subsections. The first chapter is devoted purely to the British Parliament in general, spanning from their historical origins to today's modern appearance. It also includes a brief specification of both of the Houses, including their composition and a scope of work. The second chapter is discussing the matter of general elections, the introduction to this chapter is devoted to applied electoral system. This system is based on the principle of "first past the post", which belongs to the "family" of majority electoral systems. The specifics of the application of the system are mentioned, pointing out the benefits and so-called system errors that the system entails. Next subsection discusses the systematics of election...

The diploma paper represents a contribution to the research of direct democracy in the Czech Republic, specifically it deals with the most used form of direct citizen participation in governance, local referendum. The paper is mainly empirical - it shows an experience of ten European countries with local referendum as well as the legislative framework and the definition of this instrument in the Czech Republic. The centre point of the whole thesis lies in the real practice and the experience of Czech municipalities with local direct democracy. The data used in this paper come up from research which aimed to collect information on all local referendums in the Czech Republic since 1990. Although this aim has not been fully accomplished, the data allow to study the practice of Czech local referendums. Local referendums are divided into several groups (categories of territorial changes, the environment, issues of internal governance of the municipality and others) within which are further analysed. The aim of the paper is to verify the hypothesis that seeks a relationship among the size of the municipality, subject of voting, quorum and voter turnout. The paper also focuses on the factors that have got fundamental impact on the final result of referendum.

The diploma thesis called 'the concept of referendums in democracy: a comparison of the Scottish and Catalan models', deals with the question of referendum in democracy which is an instrument for countries to become independent. The referendum is correctly known as a constitutional referendum. This thesis also deals with the application of a constitutional referendum in the cases of Scotland and Catalonia. The main purpose of this research is to analyse the conduct of the Scottish and Catalan referendums for independence, both of which were held in the autumn of 2014. The paper looks to identify the similarities and differences between these two examples. Both cases are based on seven variables in the research of referendums: 1) constitutional framework for holding a referendum of independence, 2) identification of the basic political process leading to a referendum, 3) organizational-administrative regulation of a referendum, 4) issues during the referendum campaign, 5) opinion polls for the referendum, 6) results of the referendum and 7) predicted consequences of the referendum. The final purpose of this thesis is to assess how these two models reflect on the current constitutional practice in a democratic society.