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The history of the agrarian reform movement in Texas, its origin and its activities, reveals a minimal participation of the Negro. The relationship of the white farmer and the Negro in Texas with regard to agrarian reform demonstrates what they had in common and why the black did not choose to embrace agrarian reform.

論文(碩士)--香港中文大學,1971. / Manuscript. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 390-401). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue,1971. / 序言 --- p.1-3 / Chapter 第一章 --- 湖南新政運動之發軔時期 --- p.4-60 / Chapter 第一節 --- 湖南新政運動之背景 --- p.4 / Chapter 第二節 --- 新政運動之萌芽 --- p.10 / Chapter 第三節 --- 新政運動之發軔 --- p.18 / Chapter 第四節 --- 陳寶箴主持下初期之新政 --- p.23 / Chapter 甲 --- 礦務總局 / Chapter 乙 --- 銀圓局 / Chapter 丙 --- 和豐火柴公司 / Chapter 丁 --- 寶善成製造公司 / Chapter 戊　 --- 電線與電報 / Chapter 己　 --- 湘鄂輪船公司 / Chapter 庚　 --- 時務學堂 / Chapter 第二章 --- 湖南新政運動之高潮時期──文化、教育之新猷 --- p.61-170 / Chapter 第一節 --- 時務學堂 --- p.61 / Chapter 第二節 --- 南學會 --- p.85 / Chapter 第三節 --- 其他學堂與學會 --- p.102 / Chapter 第四節 --- 新書之刊行 --- p.120 / Chapter 第五節 --- 湘報館 --- p.128 / Chapter 第六節 --- 科舉之議變 --- p.137 / Chapter 第七節 --- 女權之提倡 --- p.140 / Chapter 第三章 --- 湖南新政運動之蓬勃時期──行政與經濟開發 --- p.171-226 / Chapter 第一節 --- 行政、司法與治安 --- p.171 / Chapter 甲 --- 課吏館 / Chapter 乙 --- 司法改革 / Chapter 丙 --- 保衛局 / Chapter 丁 --- 遷善所 / Chapter 戊 --- 整頓團練 / Chapter 己 --- 訓練新章 / Chapter 庚 --- 鎗炮兩廠議 / Chapter 第二節 --- 經濟開發 --- p.203 / Chapter 甲 --- 湖南水利公司 / Chapter 乙 --- 化學製造公司 / Chapter 丙 --- 茶與絲 / Chapter 丁 --- 開墾荒地 / Chapter 戊 --- 粤漢鐵路之議建 / Chapter 己 --- 提倡商業 / Chapter 第四章 --- 湖南新政運動所受之阻力 --- p.227-299 / Chapter 第一節 --- 湖南風氣之蔽塞 --- p.227 / Chapter 第二節 --- 湖南官紬反對新政之理由 --- p.234 / Chapter 甲 --- 對新政人士激烈言論之反感 / Chapter 乙 --- 個人利害之衝突 / Chapter 丙 --- 對新政人士學識人品之攻訐 / Chapter 第三節 --- 湖南人士對新政之攻擊 --- p.244 / Chapter 甲 --- 葉德輝 / Chapter 乙 --- 王先謙 / Chapter 丙 --- 徐樹銘 / Chapter 丁 --- 歐陽中鵠 / Chapter 戊 --- 湘紳公呈 / Chapter 己 --- 湘省學約 / Chapter 庚 --- 曾廉 / Chapter 第四節 --- 湖南新政運動所受之阻撓 --- p.268 / Chapter 甲 --- 官吏之阻撓與推行不力 / Chapter 乙 --- 張之洞之箝制 / Chapter 丙 --- 陳寶箴之改組學堂與湘報 / Chapter 丁 --- 康、梁之挽救新政危機 / Chapter 第五章 --- 湖南新政運動之精神 --- p.300-330 / Chapter 第一節 --- 湖南新政運動之目的 --- p.300 / Chapter 第二節 --- 新政運動之地方自保思想 --- p.304 / Chapter 第三節 --- 新政運動之對外態度 --- p.311 / Chapter 第四節 --- 新政人士對西學之態度 --- p.317 / Chapter 第五節 --- 湖南與廣東之關係 --- p.321 / Chapter 第六章 --- 湖南新政運動與戊戌變法之關係 --- p.331-386 / Chapter 第一節 --- 梁啟超之入京 --- p.331 / Chapter 第二節 --- 譚嗣同之入京 --- p.337 / Chapter 第三節 --- 黃遵憲之嚮用 --- p.343 / Chapter 第四節 --- 張之洞之入京調和說 --- p.346 / Chapter 第五節 --- 科舉制度之改革 --- p.351 / Chapter 第六節 --- 樊勤殿之議開 --- p.356 / Chapter 第七節 --- 新改之停頓 --- p.356 / Chapter 第八節 --- 新政人士之懲處與出亡 --- p.362 / 結語 --- p.387-389 / 徵引及參考書目 --- p.390-401

This research explores the impact of Toronto’s urban reform movement of the 1970s on the Toronto Public Library (TPL) system. The TPL is the largest public library system in Canada, with 98 branches located in neighbourhoods across the city. These highly visible, accessible, and dynamic local branches promote social inclusion and community engagement through the provision of a range of programs and services. Public participation in the library planning process through citizens’ advisory groups resulted in the “equalization” of library services across the city, a renewal of the local branch system, and the restructuring of programs and services to meet community needs as defined by communities themselves. This research also discusses the possibility of creating new opportunities for patron participation at the TPL in the context of the recent resurgence in civic engagement on library issues.

This research explores the impact of Toronto’s urban reform movement of the 1970s on the Toronto Public Library (TPL) system. The TPL is the largest public library system in Canada, with 98 branches located in neighbourhoods across the city. These highly visible, accessible, and dynamic local branches promote social inclusion and community engagement through the provision of a range of programs and services. Public participation in the library planning process through citizens’ advisory groups resulted in the “equalization” of library services across the city, a renewal of the local branch system, and the restructuring of programs and services to meet community needs as defined by communities themselves. This research also discusses the possibility of creating new opportunities for patron participation at the TPL in the context of the recent resurgence in civic engagement on library issues.

This thesis analyzes the failures, achievements, and some of the possible political ramifications of the reform movement in Iran since the Islamic Revolution. It focuses on religious intellectual discourses in the context of the intellectual trajectory of Islamic thought from the revolutionary period to the post-revolutionary reformist phase. This thesis examines the role of the post-revolutionary intellectuals after the death of Ayatollah Khomeini. For reaching this goal, this research presents an analysis of the historical processes which resulted in the formation and growth of the religious intellectuals in Iran. The thesis begins by explaining the basis of Shia political thought and its growth trend which leads to the theory of velayate faqih as the main response to the question of the political legitimacy in Shia doctrine. I argue that the emergence of the reformist ideas related to the decline of the revolutionary model of the Islamic government, which dominated the decade after the revolution. I discuss how the reformists and the religious intellectuals challenge the socio-economic and the political hegemony of the Islamic government. Finally, I explore the politics of the reform movement after the election of President Khatami in 1997, and consider the failures and achievements of the reformist government in the socio-political sphere. The thesis explores the reformists victory was the first step for reforming the power structure which might lead to the transformation of the socio-political and economic liberalization, and which combines modern political thought with a religious framework in the power structure in Iran. / Master of Arts

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Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is identified as dismissing translation, applying to all "translation" the restricted expression of translation within the discredited Grammar Translation Method (GTM). Recent, negative classifications of the GTM are considered and, this dissertation observes, the concept of the GTM is shown as prone to being mythologized. A summary definition of the GTM is offered. Of the five Prussian language teachers viewed by history as originating the GTM, Joahnn Valentin Meidinger and, to a lesser degree, Heinrich Gottfried Ollendorff are shown offering methods and an approach to translation that are most similar to the definition of the GTM used today. Johann Heinrich Philipp Seidenstücker, Johann Franz Ahn, and Carl Julius Ploetz are found also to stand in the lineage of the GTM, but with important qualifications. The name "Grammar Translation Method" is asserted by this dissertation to originate in the Reform Movement, specifically, Wilhelm Viëtor’s Der Sprachunterricht muß umkehren! (1882) and a lecture of Viëtor’s from 1899. Viëtor is noted characterizing "traditional" methodologies with the terms "Grammatik" and "Übersetzung," beginning with Meidinger’s Practische Französische Grammatik (1783). Translation is found to remain problematic for the Reform Movement. A separate, concurrent movement, resulting in the Direct Method, is seen banishing all use of translation, and arguably lives on in CLT today. The formulation of a novel definition of the translation of texts is attempted. This definition, along with opinions from Translation Studies, is applied to a statement by Viëtor, where translation is particularly problematized, with the goal of mitigating this problematic. The dissertation recommends that CLT similarly use this definition of translation, so as to mitigate its own skepticism towards translation.

This dissertation describes the nature of what has been called kalām-e jadīd (new theology) in the Islamic Republic of Iran. It argues that there are currently two kinds of “new theologies” in practice. One new theology that is more widely adhered to is an extension of classical theology and stays true to traditional precepts, while the second is postmodern in nature and breaks with tradition completely. The first strand of kalām-e jadīd, referred to as “theology of selectivity,” is represented here by the works of Mohsen Kadivar, the person who epitomizes the intellectual but tradition-bound wave of post-revolutionary theological thought in Iran. The second strand of kalām-e jadīd, referred to as “postmodern theology,” is presented via the works of Abdolkarim Soroush, the most representative thinker of this type of kalām. In making this distinction, this dissertation therefore delineates the different forms of post-revolutionary reformist theology in Iran and presents Soroush’s work in terms of the greater postmodern discourse that feeds his work. The interest and importance placed on Soroush’s work also speaks volumes about the receptiveness of Iranian reformist intellectual communities towards postmodern thought and the possibility of placing these communities within what has come to be known as the postmodern condition. Thus, in essence this project can be seen as a comparative work that also points towards the ideological distance between these two modernizing trends in current Iranian Islamic thought. / text