• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 9
  • 4
  • 2
  • Tagged with
  • 15
  • 8
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Avaliação de diferentes metodologias laboratoriais para detecção de aloanticorpos plaquetários. Determinação da prevalência e importância clínica destes aloanticorpos em pacientes transfundidos / Evaluation of different methodologies for platelet alloantibodies detection. Clinical impact and prevalence of platelet antibodies in transfused patients.

Wendel, Rita de Cassia Legaspe Fontao 08 April 2008 (has links)
A aloimunização contra antígenos plaquetários é um dos grandes desafios no tratamento de pacientes refratários à transfusão de plaquetas. OBJETIVOS: avaliar o desempenho de metodologias mais utilizadas em laboratórios de referência internacional para a pesquisa de anticorpos plaquetários (PAP); verificar a prevalência destes anticorpos na nossa população; avaliar se as transfusões estão causando aloimunização, e se estes aloanticorpos apresentam importância clínica. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: foram testadas amostras PRÉ e PÓS transfusionais em três grupos de pacientes sendo grupo 1 com patologias onco-hematológicas, grupo 2 com patologias não tumorais e grupo 3 composto dos mesmos tipos de pacientes do grupo 2 mas que não receberam transfusão (grupo controle). Numa primeira fase foi realizado estudo retrospectivo com amostras de soro congeladas no período de 1996 a 2001. A segunda fase consistiu em estudo prospectivo com amostras coletadas dos pacientes durante sua internação, no período de 2004 a 2006. Quatro diferentes metodologias foram testadas: imunofluorescência indireta por citometria de fluxo (PIFT), imobilização de antígenos plaquetários utilizando anticorpos monoclonais (MAIPA), teste de microlinfocitotoxicidade (LCT) e uma nova metodologia, conhecida como FLOW PRA&#8482;. Na fase 1 foram analisados 87 pacientes, e na fase 2, 96 pacientes, separados nos três grupos respectivamente. Na segunda fase do estudo, foi realizado o incremento da contagem corrigida de plaquetas (ICCp) para todos os pacientes que receberam transfusão de plaquetas. Para esta avaliação um novo grupo de pacientes (n=40) foi adicionado ao estudo, devido ao pequeno número encontrado na segunda fase. RESULTADOS: as metodologias testadas apresentaram diferenças nas freqüências dos anticorpos detectados, porém as metodologias MAIPA, PIFT e FLOW PRA&#8482; foram as mais concordantes entre si. A qualidade dos soros utilizados na fase 1 afetou os resultados encontrados devido ao seu prolongado tempo de armazenamento. Porém, este fato foi eliminado na fase 2, quando foram utilizados soros mais recentes. A prevalência de anticorpos encontrada foi de 22,6% nos pacientes do grupo 1 e 31,4% nos pacientes do grupo 2. Para o grupo 3 nenhum novo anticorpo foi detectado. A especificidade dos anticorpos encontrados foi na grande maioria HLA classe I (84%) seguido de anticorpos pan reativos com as glicoproteínas plaquetárias (8%) e anticorpos contra antígenos humanos plaquetários (HPA - 8%). A transfusão sangüínea apresentou associação significativa (p<0,05) com a presença de aloanticorpos somente nos pacientes do grupo 2. Os ICCp dos pacientes que apresentaram PAP reativa foram significantemente menores (p<0,05) que os ICCp dos pacientes que apresentaram PAP não reativas. Os pacientes com PAP reativas, ao receberam transfusões de plaquetas compatíveis passaram a apresentar ICCp semelhantes aos pacientes com PAP não reativa. Ao utilizar-se a refratariedade plaquetária como padrão-ouro para comparar as metodologias testadas verificou-se que não houve diferença entre as mesmas (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de anticorpos plaquetários é semelhante à encontrada na literatura. A transfusão estimulou a produção de anticorpos no grupo 2. Os anticorpos identificados apresentam importância clínica afetando o rendimento da transfusão de plaquetas. Devido a maior praticidade da técnica PIFT e dos bons resultados encontrados, sugerimos que esta deva ser utilizada como rotina para PAP em pacientes refratários. / The alloimmunization against platelet antigens is one of the great challenges in the treatment of platelet refractory patients. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance of the most used methodologies for platelet antibodies screening (PAS); to verify the prevalence of these antibodies in our population; to evaluate if transfusions are causing alloimmunization, and if these alloantibodies present clinical importance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: samples were tested before and after transfusions in three groups of patients, Group 1 having onco-hematologic diseases, Group 2 having non-oncologic diseases, and Group 3 consisted of the same type of patients as Group 2 but had not received a transfusion (control group). In the first phase, a retrospective study was performed using frozen sera samples from 1996 to 2001. The second phase consisted of a prospective study with samples collected from patients during their internment, from 2004 to 2006. Four different methodologies were tested: the indirect Platelet Immunofluorescence Test (PIFT), the Monoclonal Antibody Immobilization of Platelet Antigen (MAIPA), the standard Lymphocytotoxicity Test (LCT) and a new methodology, known as FLOW PRA&#8482;. In Phase 1 87 patients were analyzed, and in Phase 2, 96 patients, separated into three groups respectively. In the second phase of the study, the Corrected Count Increment (CCI) was carried out for all patients who had received a platelet transfusion. For this evaluation a new group of patients (n=40) was added to the study, due to the low number found in the second phase. RESULTS: the methodologies presented differences in the frequencies of the detected antibodies; however MAIPA, PIFT and FLOW PRA&#8482; were the ones that were more concordant with each other. The quality of the sera used in Phase 1 affected the results due to long storage time. However, this event was eliminated in phase 2, when more recent sera were used. The prevalence of antibodies was 22.6% in the patients of Group 1 and 31.4% in the patients of Group 2. For Group 3 no new antibody was detected. The specificity of the antibodies was predominantly HLA class I antibodies (84%) followed by pan-reactive antibodies with platelet glycoproteins (8%) and antibodies against Human Platelet Antigen (HPA - 8%). Blood transfusion only presented a significant association (p<0.05) with the presence of alloantibodies in the patients of Group 2. The CCI of the patients who presented platelet antibodies was significantly less (p<0.05) that the CCI of the patients with non-antibodies. Patients with platelet antibodies, who received compatible platelet transfusions, showed similar CCI to the patients with non-reactive antibodies. There was no difference among the methodologies (p>0,05) to identify clinically significant antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of platelet antibodies is similar to that found in published literature. Transfusion stimulated the production of antibodies in group 2. The identified platelet antibodies present clinical importance affecting the efficiency of platelet transfusion. Due to the widespread use of the PIFT technique and the good results found, we suggest that this should be used as routine for PAP in refractory patients.
12

Avaliação de diferentes metodologias laboratoriais para detecção de aloanticorpos plaquetários. Determinação da prevalência e importância clínica destes aloanticorpos em pacientes transfundidos / Evaluation of different methodologies for platelet alloantibodies detection. Clinical impact and prevalence of platelet antibodies in transfused patients.

Rita de Cassia Legaspe Fontao Wendel 08 April 2008 (has links)
A aloimunização contra antígenos plaquetários é um dos grandes desafios no tratamento de pacientes refratários à transfusão de plaquetas. OBJETIVOS: avaliar o desempenho de metodologias mais utilizadas em laboratórios de referência internacional para a pesquisa de anticorpos plaquetários (PAP); verificar a prevalência destes anticorpos na nossa população; avaliar se as transfusões estão causando aloimunização, e se estes aloanticorpos apresentam importância clínica. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: foram testadas amostras PRÉ e PÓS transfusionais em três grupos de pacientes sendo grupo 1 com patologias onco-hematológicas, grupo 2 com patologias não tumorais e grupo 3 composto dos mesmos tipos de pacientes do grupo 2 mas que não receberam transfusão (grupo controle). Numa primeira fase foi realizado estudo retrospectivo com amostras de soro congeladas no período de 1996 a 2001. A segunda fase consistiu em estudo prospectivo com amostras coletadas dos pacientes durante sua internação, no período de 2004 a 2006. Quatro diferentes metodologias foram testadas: imunofluorescência indireta por citometria de fluxo (PIFT), imobilização de antígenos plaquetários utilizando anticorpos monoclonais (MAIPA), teste de microlinfocitotoxicidade (LCT) e uma nova metodologia, conhecida como FLOW PRA&#8482;. Na fase 1 foram analisados 87 pacientes, e na fase 2, 96 pacientes, separados nos três grupos respectivamente. Na segunda fase do estudo, foi realizado o incremento da contagem corrigida de plaquetas (ICCp) para todos os pacientes que receberam transfusão de plaquetas. Para esta avaliação um novo grupo de pacientes (n=40) foi adicionado ao estudo, devido ao pequeno número encontrado na segunda fase. RESULTADOS: as metodologias testadas apresentaram diferenças nas freqüências dos anticorpos detectados, porém as metodologias MAIPA, PIFT e FLOW PRA&#8482; foram as mais concordantes entre si. A qualidade dos soros utilizados na fase 1 afetou os resultados encontrados devido ao seu prolongado tempo de armazenamento. Porém, este fato foi eliminado na fase 2, quando foram utilizados soros mais recentes. A prevalência de anticorpos encontrada foi de 22,6% nos pacientes do grupo 1 e 31,4% nos pacientes do grupo 2. Para o grupo 3 nenhum novo anticorpo foi detectado. A especificidade dos anticorpos encontrados foi na grande maioria HLA classe I (84%) seguido de anticorpos pan reativos com as glicoproteínas plaquetárias (8%) e anticorpos contra antígenos humanos plaquetários (HPA - 8%). A transfusão sangüínea apresentou associação significativa (p<0,05) com a presença de aloanticorpos somente nos pacientes do grupo 2. Os ICCp dos pacientes que apresentaram PAP reativa foram significantemente menores (p<0,05) que os ICCp dos pacientes que apresentaram PAP não reativas. Os pacientes com PAP reativas, ao receberam transfusões de plaquetas compatíveis passaram a apresentar ICCp semelhantes aos pacientes com PAP não reativa. Ao utilizar-se a refratariedade plaquetária como padrão-ouro para comparar as metodologias testadas verificou-se que não houve diferença entre as mesmas (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de anticorpos plaquetários é semelhante à encontrada na literatura. A transfusão estimulou a produção de anticorpos no grupo 2. Os anticorpos identificados apresentam importância clínica afetando o rendimento da transfusão de plaquetas. Devido a maior praticidade da técnica PIFT e dos bons resultados encontrados, sugerimos que esta deva ser utilizada como rotina para PAP em pacientes refratários. / The alloimmunization against platelet antigens is one of the great challenges in the treatment of platelet refractory patients. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance of the most used methodologies for platelet antibodies screening (PAS); to verify the prevalence of these antibodies in our population; to evaluate if transfusions are causing alloimmunization, and if these alloantibodies present clinical importance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: samples were tested before and after transfusions in three groups of patients, Group 1 having onco-hematologic diseases, Group 2 having non-oncologic diseases, and Group 3 consisted of the same type of patients as Group 2 but had not received a transfusion (control group). In the first phase, a retrospective study was performed using frozen sera samples from 1996 to 2001. The second phase consisted of a prospective study with samples collected from patients during their internment, from 2004 to 2006. Four different methodologies were tested: the indirect Platelet Immunofluorescence Test (PIFT), the Monoclonal Antibody Immobilization of Platelet Antigen (MAIPA), the standard Lymphocytotoxicity Test (LCT) and a new methodology, known as FLOW PRA&#8482;. In Phase 1 87 patients were analyzed, and in Phase 2, 96 patients, separated into three groups respectively. In the second phase of the study, the Corrected Count Increment (CCI) was carried out for all patients who had received a platelet transfusion. For this evaluation a new group of patients (n=40) was added to the study, due to the low number found in the second phase. RESULTS: the methodologies presented differences in the frequencies of the detected antibodies; however MAIPA, PIFT and FLOW PRA&#8482; were the ones that were more concordant with each other. The quality of the sera used in Phase 1 affected the results due to long storage time. However, this event was eliminated in phase 2, when more recent sera were used. The prevalence of antibodies was 22.6% in the patients of Group 1 and 31.4% in the patients of Group 2. For Group 3 no new antibody was detected. The specificity of the antibodies was predominantly HLA class I antibodies (84%) followed by pan-reactive antibodies with platelet glycoproteins (8%) and antibodies against Human Platelet Antigen (HPA - 8%). Blood transfusion only presented a significant association (p<0.05) with the presence of alloantibodies in the patients of Group 2. The CCI of the patients who presented platelet antibodies was significantly less (p<0.05) that the CCI of the patients with non-antibodies. Patients with platelet antibodies, who received compatible platelet transfusions, showed similar CCI to the patients with non-reactive antibodies. There was no difference among the methodologies (p>0,05) to identify clinically significant antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of platelet antibodies is similar to that found in published literature. Transfusion stimulated the production of antibodies in group 2. The identified platelet antibodies present clinical importance affecting the efficiency of platelet transfusion. Due to the widespread use of the PIFT technique and the good results found, we suggest that this should be used as routine for PAP in refractory patients.
13

Vliv chemického složení oceli na strukturu a vlastnosti korozivzdorných ocelí / Influence of chemical composition of steel on structure and properties of stainless steels

Valenta, Pavel January 2013 (has links)
The thesis is focused on high-alloy austenitic and austenitic-ferritic (duplex) steel. The theoretical part includes research about high-alloy steels and basic introduction to this issue. In the practical part of the test there were casted refractory austenitic steel 30CH3N17G2L, duplex stainless steel 1.4462, low carbon steel and high carbon steel. On the castings of austenitic steel were made mechanical and technological tests. There were evaluated the effects of different casting temperature and casting wall thickness to the microstructures and macrostructures of steel, tensile strength and charpy impact tests. The technological tests compared technological properties of these steels.
14

Vyhořívání lehčiv ve střepu šamotových žáromateriálů / The Combustion of Organic Lightweighting Agents in the Chamotte Materials

Smékalová, Veronika January 2018 (has links)
Lightweight chamotte products are popular building material. There are many types of lightweight chamotte on the market, but the most popular lightening options are organic ingredients. This brings some problems to the production of these products. This thesis deals with the burning of various types of lighters from shards of fireclay materials. In the theoretical part are summarized raw materials, which are necessary for production of lightweight chamotte. The results of the published research studies on the topic of lightening of organic lightening products are being described here. The practical part deals with properties of products made of clay or kaolin with the addition of a certain amount of lighter. These added lighters are spruce sawdust, beech sawdust, peat, bran, paper slurry and anthracite. All these lighters are direct. For comparison, the cenospheres, which represent indirect lightweights, were also included in the research. For all specimens, the temperature interval of burnout of specimens, refractoriness, classification temperature, bulk density, thermal conductivity coefficient and other properties were defined.
15

Žáruvzdorné výrobky určené pro metalurgii hliníku / Refractory Products for Aluminum Metallurgy Industry

Kupcová, Zuzana January 2014 (has links)
The master´s thesis focuses on high-alumina refractory materials used mainly in aluminia metallurgy. Teoretical part of this thesis is aimed at distribution of refractory materials, possibilities of its production and raw material basis. Characteristic properties are described as well as application possibilities in aluminium technology. In final part of this thesis experimental data are evaluated to obtain physical, mechanical, chemical properties of high-alumina refractory materials. Those are used for economical optimalization of raw materials.

Page generated in 0.0718 seconds