published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Norai nuolat didėja. Žmonija juda į priekį. Kuo aukštesnis visuomenėspragyvenimo lygis, tuo daugiau buitinių atliekų. Jas tenka pašalinti drauge su milijonais tonų kitų susikaupusių, perdirbimui neparuoštų šiukšlių. Taip sąvartynai ir pilnėja. Drobėse vaizduojamos atliekos, prieš užverčiat jas žemėmis. Tai yra šių dienų aktuali problema. Masinis žmonių vartojimas po savęs palieka neišnaudotas galimybes. Kūriniai orientuoti į ateitį, išsiskiria drąsiais sprendimais, yra originalūs, todėl skatina naujas ir aktualias mintis. Ekologai ir žalieji jau senokai gąsdina žmoniją, kad Žemė vieną kartą “atsirūgs“ atliekomis darkančiomis gamtą, nuodijančiomis dirvožemį, upes ir jūras, tiesiai mums į veidą. Ir tada bus per vėlu atgailauti. Bet Žemė kantri. Kol kas ji kantriai saugo mūsų kūrybines atliekas. Nagrinėjant ekologijos temą per pastaruosius metus buvo sukuti penki tapybos darbai. Jie pateikti aprašomojoje dalyje. Pagrindiniai trys 150x190 dydžio paveikslai, įgyvendinti tapybos technika, svarbūs šiai dienai, skatinantys susimąstyti apie vartojimo įpročius bei harmonija su gamta. / Theexpectations are constantlychanging. Mankindisdeveloping. Thehigherthelevelofpeople’slivingis, themorehouseholdwasteexists. It must be removedtogetherwithmillionsoftonesofotherwaste, accumulatedbutnotpreparedforrecycling. Thisisthereasonofdumps’ expanding. Wastebeforethelandfillingisdepictedontheclothsand it representstheproblemofnowadays. A lot ofmissedopportunities are leftbehindthemassivehumanconsumption. Theworks are focusedonthefuture, they are unique to bravedecisions, originalityandthey also encouragenewandrelevantideas. TheecologistsandtheGreens are alwaystrying to frigtenthehumanitythatonedaytheEarthwill „belch“ thatwastewhichdeformsthenature, poisonsthesoil, theriversandtheseas. Howeverthen it will be too late to apologize. Fortunately, theEarthispatientand it isstillsavingourcreativewaste. Whileexaminingthetopicofecologyduringthelastfiveyears, fivepaintingworksweredesigned. They are representedinthedescriptivesection. Themainthree 150 x 190 sizepictorialpaintings are significant to thesedaysastheyencourage to thinkaboutthehabitsofconsumption. It isveryimportant to remembertheancestry, theirbalanceandharmonywithnature.

Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1993. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2942. Abstract precedes thesis as [1] preliminary leaf. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-107).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1991. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [261]-271).

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-96).

Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. / Landfill gases, principally methane, CH4 are produced from the decomposition of the municipal solid wastes deposited on landfill sites. These gases can be captured and converted into usable energy or electricity which will assist in addressing energy needs of South Africa. Its capture also reduces the problems associated with greenhouse gases. The aim of this study is to estimate gases that can be produced from the Bellville landfill site in Cape Town. The landfill gas capacity was estimated using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) model. The IPCC model showed that 48 447m3/year of landfill gas capacity was determined only in 2013. The LFGTE process plant is designed in a manner of purifying landfill gas, which at the end methane gets up being the only gas combusted. As a matter of fact 14 544kg/year of gases which consists mainly methane gets combusted. The average energy that can be produced based on the generated landfill gas capacity (methane gas) is 1,004MWh/year. This translates to R1. 05million per year at Eskom’s current tariff of R2.86 /kWh) including sales from CO2 which is a by-product from the designed process plant. A LFGTE process plant has been developed from the gathered information on landfill gas capacity and the amount of energy that can be generated from the gas. In order, to start-up this project the total fixed capital costs of this project required amounted up to R2.5 million. On the other hand, the project made a profit amounted to R3.9million, the Net profit summed up to R1. 3million and the payback time of Landfill Gas ToEnergy (LFGTE) project is 4years.The break-even of the project is on second year of the plant’s operation. The maximum profit that this project can generate is around R1. 1million. The life span of the plant is nine years. Aspen plus indicated that about 87% of pure methane was separated from CO2 and H2S for combustion at theabsorption gas outletstream. I would suggest this project to be done because it is profitable when by-products such as CO2 sales add to the project’s revenues.

Thesis (MTech (Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. / This mini-thesis aims at exploring the process of design thinking in the transformation of a decayed found object into an artwork, with a narrative of sustainability and life, thus creating awareness around the role and function of decayed objects by repurposing them to give them new life. The scope of this study will be limited to the use of art to create awareness around repurposing found objects. However, these repurposed found objects will not become physical utility products. Rather, this study aims to discuss and explore ways in which art can be used to generate an ethos of 'redesigning' into a work of art which gives it an aesthestic value. An undertone of this study is the dilemma encountered in attempting to establish clear delineations between art and design in both pedagogic and professional practice domains. ABSTRACT This mini-thesis aims at exploring the process of design thinking in the transformation of a decayed found object into an artwork, with a narrative of sustainability and life, thus creating awareness around the role and function of decayed objects by repurposing them to give them new life. Key topics discussed in this mini-thesis are the noticing of and engagement with decayed found objects and sustainability. Other topics explored are repurposing and design for repurposing. Debates around the concept of 'design thinking' are ever current. Design thinking was employed in the study, which resulted in a process that examined the richness of my individual artistic journeys. My ontological stance is that all chosen found objects should have a life. This study is epistemologically situated within the interpretive paradigm since the study makes meaning of my experiences as I interact with found objects. The study drew on a qualitative design paradigm of embodied experience, phenomenological research and employed qualitative methodologies of reflective journaling, lived experience and a process-orientated art approach. The research method adopted a convenience or accidental sample, which is not representative of a population of found objects as the objects were presented by accident. All artworks created for the purpose of the study incorporated found objects that were selected randomly. The design analysis and findings verified the likelihood of a thematic approach by using comparisons of the choice of collected found objects. The general contribution(s) of this mini-thesis to the knowledge toward the direction design needs to take is three-fold: firstly, the study confirmed an awareness of using discarded banal found objects and giving these objects new life through design thinking; secondly, it emphasises the awareness around the critical concerns of sustainability and social responsibility; and, lastly it engages curricula development in robust dialogue that advances the sustainability agenda in a multi-disciplinary context in the Faculty of Informatics and Design, at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa. In order to initiate further dialogue, this study argues and proposes that student learning can be enhanced through using a found object as catalyst to ignite creative expression and as a result positively contribute to the sustainability agenda. Typically the study could also propose through means of arguments in literature that creative practical activities structured around found objects and design thinking will allow students to adopt a deep approach to learning. These educational arguments will exceed the objectives of this mini-thesis. They are, nevertheless, considered a worthwhile theme for further research or a doctoral thesis.

This qualitative study investigates Waste services provided by community-based enterprises in the Ngombe peri-urban settlement area - Lusaka, Zambia. The aim of the study was to identify and analyze the factors that contribute to illegal dumping of solid waste in the said peri-urban settlement area. The research objectives were as follows: To explore the capability of the community-based enterprises to effectively manage their enterprises in relation to the provision of solid waste services to the residents of the said settlement, To identify and evaluate the solid waste services provided by the community-based enterprises, and To make recommendations for the improvement of solid waste service provision and utilisation based on the findings of the study. The method of data collection for the above listed objectives was a literature study and focus group interviews. In order to achieve the said objectives of the study, the researcher opted for a qualitative research design – utilizing the contextual, descriptive, inductive and deductive approaches. The research population comprised the community-based enterprises involved in the provision of solid waste services in the Ngombe settlement area namely Kutwano and Tiyende Pamodzi Waste Enterprises. The purposive sample method was used for the selection of the focus group. The focus group discussions were captured by means of an audiotape and note-taking. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, within 24 hours of data capturing. Data analysis followed the five steps of Powell and Renner (2003, pp,1-6), namely: familiarization, identifying a thematic framework, categorization (coding or indexing) of data, identifying patterns and connections within and between categories (relationships), and interpretation (bringing it all together). The researcher adhered to the relevant ethical considerations and the principles of trustworthiness, namely: credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability throughout the study. In exploring the capability of the two community-based enterprises to effectively manage their enterprises in relation to the provision of solid waste services to the residents of the said settlement it was found that community-based enterprises do not have the capability to provide adequate solid waste services. This is due to inadequate leadership and entrepreneurship skills of the community-based enterprises management committee members, non-payment of solid waste collection fees by the majority of households and inadequate legal enforcement by the Lusaka City Council’s Waste Management Unit. In identifying and evaluating the solid waste services provided by the community-based enterprises it was found that solid waste services provided by community-based enterprises were inadequate. This is due to the type of equipment (push carts) used for primary solid waste collection that does not carter for other forms of solid waste like construction waste; inappropriate solid waste storage containers (25kg maize meal bags) which do not allow storage of solid waste in a sanitary manner (non-leak proof, accessible to rats, flies and cockroaches and rodents); restriction on the type of solid waste that community-based enterprises should collect (in relation to the specified solid waste storage container, 25kg maize meal bags) and the delay of secondary solid waste collection by Lusaka City Council’s Waste Management Unit. On the basis of the findings of the study, a number of recommendations are being made, which, if implemented effectively, should improve the provision and utilisation of solid waste services within the study area. Such an improvement should lead to a higher level of environmental cleanliness, and ultimately to better health standards of the people living within the area.

Fifteen curbside recycling programs in the United States, from communities representing a variety of economic, geographic and political situations, were reviewed in this study. Case studies were analyzed and discussed with respect to four areas of interest to program planners: administration, operations, promotion and evaluation. No objective rating of the programs was attempted, but approaches were reviewed with respect to their ability to satisfy the goals of the programs. Comparisons of participation rates, waste diversion rates, and costs were used cautiously because of the inconsistencies in how the data were developed from program to program. Administrative approaches found in the case studies included: (a) complete ownership of the collection and processing system by municipalities; (b) contracted service by private waste management firms; (c) contracted or subsidized service by non-profit organizations; and (d) combinations of municipal, private, and non-profit services. Operational systems were examined with respect to the effectiveness of the service in stimulating participation, given the practical, political, and budgetary constraints. Variables of operation are closely related and include: (a) which materials are collected; (b) the degree of materials separation required; (c) the type of collection vehicle(s) used; (d) collection frequency and coincidence with garbage collection; (e) the provision of in home containers; and (t) the extent of post-collection materials processing. Four categories of promotional techniques used in curbside recycling programs were discussed: (a) publicity and education; (b) personal contact; (c) economic incentives; and (d) ordinances mandating source-separation. The impacts of these techniques on participation in the case study programs were discussed. Techniques for evaluating the efficacy of curbside recycling programs were also discussed. Participation rates, waste diversion rates, and cost were reviewed with respect to current usage and recommendations were made for increasing their usefulness as indicators of the success of programs or program elements. / Master of Science