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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

MicroRNA-based separation of cortico-fugal projection neuron-like cells derived from embryonic stem cells / マイクロRNAスイッチを用いた胎児幹細胞由来神経細胞からの皮質投射ニューロンの選別法の開発

Sunohara, Tadashi 23 March 2020 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22340号 / 医博第4581号 / 新制||医||1042(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 影山 龍一郎, 教授 井上 治久, 教授 上杉 志成 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
22

High Frequency Production of T Cell-Derived iPSC Clones Capable of Generating Potent Cytotoxic T Cells / T細胞から作製したiPS細胞は高頻度で強力なキラーT細胞を再生する能力を有する

Nagano, Seiji 23 March 2020 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22347号 / 医博第4588号 / 新制||医||1042(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 生田 宏一, 教授 江藤 浩之, 教授 濵﨑 洋子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
23

Self-Formation of Optic Cups and Storable Stratified Neural Retina from Human ESCs / ヒトES細胞からの眼杯および保存可能な多層網膜組織の自己組織化

Nakano, Tokushige 23 January 2014 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第12800号 / 論医博第2072号 / 新制||医||1001(附属図書館) / 80844 / (主査)教授 髙橋 淳, 教授 吉村 長久, 教授 江藤 浩之 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
24

A novel approach for the endothelialization of xenogeneic decellularized vascular tissues by human cells utilizing surface modification and dynamic culture / 灌流システムと表面加工による異種動物由来脱細胞血管組織内皮化法の確立

Ho, Wen-Jin 23 March 2023 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24526号 / 医博第4968号 / 新制||医||1065(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 齋藤 潤, 教授 柳田 素子, 教授 江藤 浩之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
25

Role of Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells in Cell-Assisted Lipotransfer – Characterization of their Secretory Capacity under Ischemia-Like Stress Conditions and Establishment of a 3D Adipose Tissue-ASC Co-Culture / Bedeutung von mesenchymalen Stammzellen aus dem Fettgewebe für den zellassistierten Lipotransfer – Charakterisierung der Sekretionskapazität unter Ischämie-artigen Stressbedingungen und Etablierung einer 3D Fettgewebe-ASC-Kokultur

Bachmann, Julia January 2021 (has links) (PDF)
The use of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) for cell-based therapeutic approaches, in terms of repair and regeneration of various tissues and organs, offers an alternative therapeutic tool in the field of regenerative medicine. The ability of ASCs to differentiate along mesenchymal lineages is not the only property that makes these cells particularly attractive for therapeutic purposes. Their promising functions in promoting angiogenesis, reducing inflammation as well as in functional tissue restoration are largely related to the trophic effects of a broad panel of secreted cytokines and growth factors. However, in cell-based approaches, the cell-loaded construct often is exposed to an ischemic microenvironment characterized by severe oxidative and nutritional stress after transplantation due to the initial lack of vascular connection, resulting in reduced cell viability and altered cell behaviour. Therefore, the effective use of ASCs in regenerative medicine first requires a comprehensive characterization of the cells in terms of their viability, differentiation capacity and especially their secretory capabilities under ischemia-mimicking conditions in order to better understand their beneficial role. Accordingly, in the first part of this work, ASCs were investigated under different ischemic conditions, in which cells were exposed to both glucose and oxygen deprivation, with respect to viability and secretory function. Using mRNA gene expression analysis, significantly higher expression of selected angiogenic, anti-apoptotic and immunomodulatory factors (IL-6, VEGF, STC-1) could be demonstrated under harsh ischemic conditions. These results were reflected at the protein expression level by a significantly increased secretion of these factors. For stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1), a factor not yet described in ASCs, a particularly high expression with significant secreted amounts of the protein could be demonstrated under harsh ischemic conditions. Thus, the first part of this work, in addition to the characterization of the viability, provided first insights into the secretory response of ASCs under ischemic conditions. The response of ASCs to glucose deficiency in combination with severe hypoxia has been little explored to date. Thus, the focus of the second part of this work was on a more detailed investigation of the secretory response of ASCs under glucose and oxygen deprivation. For a more comprehensive analysis of the secretion profile, a cytokine antibody array was performed, which allowed the detection of a broad panel of secreted angiogenic factors (IL-8, ANG), matrix-regulating proteins (TIMP-1, TIMP-2), chemokines (MCP-1/CCL2, IP-10/CXCL 10) and other factors under ischemic conditions. To verify these results, selected factors were examined using ELISA. The analysis revealed that the secretion of individual factors (e.g., STC-1, VEGF) was significantly upregulated by the combination of glucose and oxygen deprivation compared to oxygen deprivation alone. In order to investigate the impact of the secretome of ischemic ASCs on cell types involved in tissue regeneration, the effect of conditioned medium of ischemia-challenged ASCs on both endothelial cells and fibroblasts was investigated in subsequent experiments. Significantly increased viability and tube formation of endothelial cells as well as activated migration of fibroblasts by the secreted factors of ischemic ASCs could be demonstrated. A direct correlation of these effects to STC-1, which was significantly upregulated under ischemic conditions and has been described as a regulator of key cellular functions, could not be verified. The particular secretory capacity of ASCs provides a valuable tool for cell-based therapies, such as cell-assisted lipotransfer (CAL), where by enriching fat grafts with isolated ASCs, a significantly improved survival rate of the transplanted construct is achieved with less resorption of the fat tissue as well as a reduction in adverse implications, such as fibrosis and cyst formation. In order to better understand the function of ASCs in CAL, an autologous transwell-based lipograft-ASC co-culture was established in the last part of this work, in which first investigations showed a markedly increased secretion of VEGF compared to lipografts without added ASCs. As the stability rate of the fat tissue and thus the success of CAL is presumably also dependent on the preparation of the tissue before transplantation, the conventional preparation method of fat tissue for vocal fold augmentation in laryngoplasty was additionally evaluated in vitro in a pilot experiment. By analyzing the viability and tissue structure of the clinically prepared injection material, a large number of dead cells and a clearly damaged tissue structure with necrotic areas could be demonstrated. In comparison, the preparation method of the fat tissue established in this work as small tissue fragments was able to provide a clearly intact, vital, and vascularized tissue structure. This type of adipose tissue preparation represents a promising alternative for clinical vocal fold augmentation. In conclusion, the results of this work contribute to a comprehensive characterization of ASCs under ischemic conditions, such as those prevalent at the transplantation site or in tissue regeneration. The results obtained, especially on the secretory capacity of ASCs, provide new insights into how ASCs mediate regenerative effects in an ischemic milieu and why their use for therapeutic purposes is highly attractive and promising. / Der Einsatz von humanen mesenchymalen Stammzellen aus dem Fettgewebe (ASCs) für zell-basierte Therapieansätze zur Reparatur und Regeneration von verschiedenen Geweben und Organen bietet eine alternative therapeutische Lösung im Bereich der regenerativen Medizin. Die Fähigkeit der ASCs zur Differenzierung in verschiedene mesenchymale Zelltypen ist jedoch nicht die einzige Eigenschaft, die diese Zellen für therapeutische Zwecke besonders attraktiv macht. ASCs sezernieren vielmehr ein breites Spektrum an Zytokinen und Wachstumsfaktoren, die z.B. durch Förderung der Angiogenese oder der Reduktion von Entzündungsprozessen eine wichtige Rolle bei regenerativen Therapien spielen können. Allerdings ist in zellbasierten Ansätzen, das zellbeladene Konstrukt nach der Transplantation – durch den anfänglich fehlenden Gefäßanschluss und die damit einhergehende mangelnde Versorgung des implantierten Gewebes – starkem oxidativem und ernährungsbedingtem Stress, einem ischämischen Milieu, ausgesetzt, was zu einer reduzierten Zellviabilität und einem veränderten Zellverhalten führt. Der effektive Einsatz der ASCs in der regenerativen Medizin erfordert demnach zunächst eine umfassende Charakterisierung der Zellen in Bezug auf deren Lebensfähigkeit, Differenzierungsfähigkeit und insbesondere die sekretorischen Fähigkeiten unter simulierten ischämischen Bedingungen, um ihren therapeutischen Effekt besser verstehen und optimieren zu können. Dazu wurden im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit die ASCs unter verschiedenen ischämischen Bedingungen, bei denen die Zellen sowohl einem Glukose- als auch Sauerstoffmangel ausgesetzt waren, hinsichtlich der Viabilität und der sekretorischen Funktion in vitro untersucht. Durch mRNA Genexpressionsanalysen konnte für ausgewählte angiogene, anti-apoptotische und immunmodulatorische Faktoren (IL-6, VEGF, STC-1) eine signifikant höhere Expression unter stark ischämischen Bedingungen gezeigt werden. Diese Ergebnisse spiegelten sich gleichermaßen auf Proteinebene durch eine signifikant erhöhte Sekretion der Faktoren wider. Für Stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1), einen Faktor, dessen Rolle bislang im Zusammenhang mit ASCs noch nicht beschrieben ist, konnte eine besonders hohe Expression mit signifikanten sezernierten Mengen des Proteins bei hoher ischämischer Belastung der Zellen gezeigt werden. Somit konnten im ersten Abschnitt der Arbeit neben einer ersten Charakterisierung der ASCs auch erste Erkenntnisse über das sekretorische Verhalten der Zellen in einem ischämischen Milieu gewonnen werden. Die Reaktion von ASCs auf Glukosemangel in Kombination mit Hypoxie ist bislang wenig untersucht. Somit lag der Fokus im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit auf der detaillierteren Untersuchung des Sekretionsverhaltens von ASCs unter Glucose- und Sauerstoffdeprivation. Für eine umfassende Analyse des Sekretionsprofils wurde ein Zytokin-Antikörper-Array durchgeführt, mit welchem die Sekretion eines breiten Panels von angiogenen Faktoren (IL-8, ANG), matrixregulierenden Proteinen (TIMP-1, TIMP-2), Chemokinen (MCP-1/CCL2, IP-10/CXCL 10) sowie weiterer Faktoren unter ischämischen Bedingungen nachgewiesen werden konnte. Zur Verifizierung dieser Ergebnisse wurden ausgewählte Faktoren mittels ELISA untersucht. Durch diese Analyse konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Sekretion einzelner Faktoren (z.B. STC-1, VEGF) durch die Kombination von Glukose- und Sauerstoffentzug deutlich hochreguliert wird, z.B. gegenüber nur dem Entzug von Sauerstoff. Um die Wirkung des Sekretoms von ischämischen ASCs auf Zelltypen, die in der Regeneration von Geweben eine Rolle spielen, zu untersuchen, wurde in nachfolgenden Experimenten die Wirkung von konditioniertem Medium ischämischer ASCs sowohl auf Endothelzellen als auch auf Fibroblasten untersucht. Dabei konnte sowohl eine deutlich gesteigerte Röhrenbildung („tube formation“) von Endothelzellen als auch eine aktivierte Migration von Fibroblasten durch die sezernierten Faktoren der ischämischen ASCs nachgewiesen werden. Ein direkter Zusammenhang dieser Effekte mit dem unter ischämischen Bedingungen signifikant hochregulierten Faktor STC-1, welcher als Regulator zellulärer Schlüsselfunktionen beschrieben wird, konnte hingegen nicht nachgewiesen werden. Die besondere Sekretionsfähigkeit von ASCs stellt ein wertvolles Werkzeug für zellbasierte Therapien dar, wie z.B. den zellassistierten Lipotransfer (CAL), bei dem durch die Anreicherung von Fetttransplantaten mit isolierten ASCs eine deutliche Verbesserung der Überlebensrate des transplantierten Konstrukts mit einer geringeren Resorption des Fettgewebes sowie einer Verringerung von unerwünschten Folgen, wie Fibrosen und Zystenbildung, erzielt wird. Um die Funktion der ASCs im CAL besser charakterisieren zu können, wurde im letzten Teil dieser Arbeit eine autologe Transwell-basierte Lipograft-ASC-Kokultur etabliert, in welcher durch erste Untersuchungen eine signifikant erhöhte Sekretion von VEGF im Vergleich zu den Lipografts ohne Zusatz von isolierten ASCs gezeigt werden konnte. Da die Stabilitätsrate des Fettgewebes und damit der Erfolg des CAL mutmaßlich auch von der Aufbereitung des Gewebes vor der Transplantation abhängig ist, wurde in einem Pilot-Experiment die konventionelle Präparationsmethode von Fettgewebe für die Stimmlippenaugmentation in der Laryngoplastik in vitro evaluiert. Durch Analysen zur Viabilität und Gewebestruktur konnte bei dem klinisch aufbereiteten Injektionsmaterial eine große Anzahl abgestorbener Zellen sowie eine deutlich geschädigte Gewebestruktur mit nekrotischen Arealen nachgewiesen werden. Im Vergleich dazu konnte mit der in dieser Arbeit etablierten Präparationsmethode des Fettgewebes als kleine Gewebsfragmente eine deutlich intakte, vitale und vaskularisierte Gewebestruktur erhalten werden. Damit bietet diese Art der Aufbereitung von Fettgewebe eine vielversprechende Alternative für die klinische Stimmlippenaugmentation.  Zusammengefasst tragen die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zu einer umfassenden Charakterisierung von ASCs unter ischämischen Bedingungen bei, wie sie beispielsweise am Transplantationsort oder in der Geweberegeneration vorliegen können. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse, insbesondere zu den sekretorischen Fähigkeiten der ASCs, liefern neue Erkenntnisse darüber, wie ASCs regenerative Effekte in einem ischämischen Milieu vermitteln und weshalb deren Verwendung für therapeutische Zwecke besonders attraktiv und vielversprechend ist.
26

In vitro evaluation of equine bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells to combat orthopedic biofilm infections

Khatibzadeh, Sarah M. 18 August 2023 (has links)
Infections of fracture fixation implants and synovial structures are a primary cause of complications, increased treatment costs, and mortality in people and horses. Treatment failure is often due to biofilms that are communities of bacteria that are adhered to a surface or to each other and are surrounded in a self-secreted extracellular matrix. The biofilm matrix protects the indwelling bacteria from being killed by antibiotics and the immune system. Biofilms also stimulate chronic inflammation and tissue destruction, including peri-implant osteolysis and subsequent implant failure and chondromalacia with subsequent osteoarthritis. In horses, the resulting lameness, reduced athletic potential, and poor quality of life may necessitate euthanasia. Equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) reduce inflammation and promote healing in musculoskeletal injuries and have recently been discovered to have antimicrobial properties. Equine MSC kill planktonic (free-floating) bacteria and prevent biofilm establishment in laboratory models. MSC from mice and people also promote the transition from acute inflammation to tissue regeneration (resolution of inflammation) by secretion of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPM). Whether equine MSC can disrupt established biofilms of orthopedic pathogens and modulate the inflammatory response to orthopedic biofilms is unknown. Using a novel biofilm-MSC co-culture model, our objectives were two-fold. We investigated whether MSC alone or with amikacin sulfate, an antibiotic used to treat equine orthopedic infections, could reduce biomass, pellicle size, and live bacteria of biofilms of orthopedic infectious agents S. aureus and E. coli. Next, we investigated whether MSC could modulate immune response to S. aureus biofilms by reducing secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and by secreting SPM. MSC demonstrated partial ability to reduce biofilms but performed differently on S. aureus versus E. coli biofilms. Co-culture of biofilms with MSC significantly reduced pellicle area of biofilms of both bacteria, reduced biomass of S. aureus biofilms, and killed live S. aureus bacteria. MSC combined with amikacin also significantly reduced S. aureus biomass to a greater extent compared to amikacin alone. The resolution in detecting differences between groups for E. coli was diminished because of high variation between biofilms treated with MSC between different donors and between control biofilms between experiments. Using the same experimental system, culture of S. aureus biofilms with MSC in the transwell inserts and PBMC in the bottom wells significantly reduced biofilm size compared to untreated biofilms. Co-culture of MSC and PBMC with S. aureus biofilms also significantly increased detection of multiple SPM on lipid chromatography-mass spectrometry compared to MSC or PBMC cultures alone. Using a commercial equine multiplex bead ELISA, multiple inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were increased when S. aureus biofilms were cultured with MSC and PBMC; however, these were not different from untreated biofilms. Our results indicate that the utility of MSC in combating orthopedic biofilm infections lies in their ability to disrupt the biofilm matrix and promote inflammation resolution. These findings support continued investigation into and optimization of the anti-biofilm mechanisms of MSC. / Doctor of Philosophy / Biofilms are coating layers made by bacteria to protect them from being killed by antibiotics or the immune system. Biofilms result in untreatable infection, chronic inflammation and tissue destruction in people and horses with bone and joint infections. The resulting complications, including pain, reduced mobility, and poor quality of life, may result in horses being euthanized. Equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) kill free floating bacteria in laboratory models and reduce inflammation in orthopedic injuries. Whether MSC can disrupt formed biofilms and reduce inflammation resulting from biofilm infections is unknown. Using a laboratory model, our objectives were to determine: 1) whether MSC alone or with an antibiotic used to treat orthopedic infections in horses can disrupt biofilms and kill indwelling live bacteria of orthopedic infectious agents S. aureus and E. coli, and 2) whether MSC can modify the immune response to S. aureus biofilms. MSC demonstrated some biofilm reducing ability but performed differently on S. aureus versus E. coli biofilms. Specifically, MSC reduced the size of biofilms of both bacteria, reduced the coating layer of S. aureus biofilms alone and to a greater extent when combined with the antibiotic, and killed live S. aureus bacteria. Using the same system, culture of MSC with S. aureus biofilms and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), a type of white blood cell, reduced biofilm size compared to controls. The addition of MSC and PBMC to S. aureus biofilms also increased detection of fatty acid-derived signals that promote resolution of inflammation, compared to controls. Multiple inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were increased with culture of MSC and PBMC with S. aureus biofilms but were not different from untreated biofilms. These results indicate that MSC may be useful to combat biofilm infections by breaking down the coating layer of biofilms and by promoting resolution of inflammation. Taken together, our results support continued investigation into the potential of MSC as a treatment for orthopedic biofilm infections. The potential of MSC to simultaneously break down biofilms and mitigate inflammation in orthopedic infections would improve cure rates and overall outcomes for horses and people afflicted with orthopedic biofilm infections.
27

Oligoaniline-based conductive biomaterials for tissue engineering

Zarrintaj, P., Bakhshandeh, B., Saeb, M.R., Sefat, Farshid, Rezaeian, I., Ganjali, M.R., Ramakrishna, S., Mozafari, M. 04 April 2018 (has links)
No / The science and engineering of biomaterials have improved the human life expectancy. Tissue engineering is one of the nascent strategies with an aim to fulfill this target. Tissue engineering scaffolds are one of the most significant aspects of the recent tissue repair strategies; hence, it is imperative to design biomimetic substrates with suitable features. Conductive substrates can ameliorate the cellular activity through enhancement of cellular signaling. Biocompatible polymers with conductivity can mimic the cells’ niche in an appropriate manner. Bioconductive polymers based on aniline oligomers can potentially actualize this purpose because of their unique and tailoring properties. The aniline oligomers can be positioned within the molecular structure of other polymers, thus painter acting with the side groups of the main polymer or acting as a comonomer in their backbone. The conductivity of oligoaniline-based conductive biomaterials can be tailored to mimic the electrical and mechanical properties of targeted tissues/organs. These bioconductive substrates can be designed with high mechanical strength for hard tissues such as the bone and with high elasticity to be used for the cardiac tissue or can be synthesized in the form of injectable hydrogels, particles, and nanofibers for noninvasive implantation; these structures can be used for applications such as drug/gene delivery and extracellular biomimetic structures. It is expected that with progress in the fields of biomaterials and tissue engineering, more innovative constructs will be proposed in the near future. This review discusses the recent advancements in the use of oligoaniline-based conductive biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
28

Quality assessment tests for tumorigenicity of human iPS cell-derived cartilage / iPS細胞由来軟骨の造腫瘍性評価手法の確立

Takei, Yoshiaki 24 November 2022 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医科学) / 乙第13518号 / 論医科博第10号 / 新制||医科||10(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 金子 新, 教授 松田 秀一, 教授 山中 伸弥 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
29

Bile duct regeneration with an artificial bile duct made of gelatin hydrogel non-woven fabrics / ゼラチンハイドロゲル不織布で作製した人工胆管による胆管再生

Uemoto, Yusuke 24 November 2022 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24289号 / 医博第4905号 / 新制||医||1061(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 小濱 和貴, 教授 妹尾 浩, 教授 長船 健二 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
30

Characterization of gravitational filtration to enrich selective equine bone marrow elements

Mundy, Lauren Nicole January 2014 (has links)
No description available.

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