Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a global problem and the total number of people living with HIV is approximately 34 million. Little is known about registered nurses’ experiences of caring for children with HIV/AIDS in South Africa.   Aim: The aim of the study was to describe registered nurses’ experiences of caring for children with HIV/AIDS in South Africa. Method: A qualitative research approach was used. Data was collected by interviews which were analyzed using content analysis. The interviews were conducted at a private hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Results: The following ten topics were found; self-fulfillment, being supportive, being hopeful, being adaptable, being non-judgmental, helplessness, loneliness, sadness, stress and frustration. Conclusion: There is a constant balance between feelings of powerlessness and the ability of being mentally strong when caring for children with HIV/AIDS.   Keywords: HIV/AIDS, children, registered nurses’ experiences, South Africa

Background In remote areas of the Peruvian Amazon there is a high burden of communicable diseases, limited access to health care and a low distribution of registered nurses. Registered nurses are working with indigenous patients in the area, where traditional medicine and practice is common. In order to strengthen the relation between western and traditional practices, intercultural health has been implemented within the public health care. Aim The aim was to describe registered nurses’ experiences of working with indigenous patients in remote health care settings in Loreto region, Peruvian Amazon. Method A qualitative field study with semi-structured interviews was conducted at four health clinics in Maynas and Mariscal Ramón Castilla province. A qualitative content analysis was used when analyzing the data. Findings Three categories were identified in the analysis; Working environment in a remote area, Providing health care for indigenous patients and Including intercultural health in nursing practice. The participants’ daily work with few colleagues and high demand in remote clinics was described. Experiences of working with intercultural health, as well as opportunities and challenges of working with indigenous patients was found. Conclusion The registered nurses work in an area with a high workload, limited resources and geographic isolation. Intercultural implementations were shown to improve intercultural relations, autonomy and health. Challenges between registered nurses and indigenous patients related to communication and different cultures were described. In order to improve the situation and reach the UN Sustainable Development Goals, infrastructural and socio-economic improvements, more resources and health professionals are necessary.

Bakgrund Enligt tidigare forskning riskerar smärta att underbehandlas hos personer med demenssjukdom som bor på särskilt boende och vårdas i livets slutskede. Förmågan att uttrycka sig verbalt försämras succesivt hos personer med demenssjukdom och påverkar negativt hur de rapporterar smärta till omgivningen. Tidigare studier har även belyst sjuksköterskors svårigheter att bedöma smärta på grund av kommunikationssvårigheter vilket skapar osäkerhet kring smärtbedömningen och behandlingen. Syfte Att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att bedöma smärta hos personer med demenssjukdom vid vård i livets slutskede boende på särskilt boende Metod Studien utfördes som en kvalitativ intervjustudie. Individuella semi-strukturerade intervjuer med öppna frågor genomfördes med 10 sjuksköterskor. Intervjuerna analyserades med en kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat Författarnas analys av intervjuerna illustrerade två övergripande huvudkategorier, Smärtbedömningen var komplicerad och Smärtbedömningen underlättas av en nära kontakt. Smärtbedömningen var komplicerad hade underkategorierna Osäkerhet på grund av verbal oförmåga, Erfarenhet utvecklar klinisk blick att bedöma smärta, Smärtskattningsinstrument kan ge tydlig bedömning och NVP ledde till regelbunden bedömning. Smärtbedömningen underlättas av en nära kontakt hade underkategorierna Att känna personen och Smärtbedömningen var ett teamarbete. Slutsats Smärtbedömning inom denna patientgrupp är en utmaning och flera bedömningsmetoder, i kombination med varandra, krävs för att underlätta smärtbedömningen. En osäkerhet föreligger när det är svårt att förstå eller tolka uttryck. Genom att känna personen väl, samarbeta med omvårdnadspersonal och anhöriga, använda klinisk erfarenhet, observera kroppsspråk och använda smärtskattningsinstrument kan smärtbedömningen underlättas. En personcentrerad palliativ vårdplan kan användas för att tydliggöra smärtbedömningen. / Background According to previous research, pain is at risk of being inadequately treated among people with dementia who live in nursing homes and go through end-of-life care. The ability to express oneself verbally gradually deteriorates in people with dementia and negatively affects how they report pain to those around them. Previous studies have also highlighted registered nurses' difficulties in assessing pain due to communication difficulties which creates uncertainty around pain assessment and pain treatment. Aim To describe registered nurses (RNs) experiences of assessing pain in people with dementia during end-of-life care who live in nursing homes. Method The study was conducted as a qualitative interview study. Individual semi-structured interviews with open questions were conducted with 10 RNs. The interviews were analysed using a qualitative manifest content analysis. Results The authors' analysis of the interviews illustrated two main categories Pain assessment was a complicated thing and A close contact facilitates pain assessment. Pain assessment was a complicated thing was subcategorized as Uncertainty due to verbal inability, Experience as a facilitator for pain assessment, Pain assessment instruments can provide a clear assessment and NVP led to regular assessment. A close contact facilitates pain assessment was subcategorized as To know the person and Pain assessment as a teamwork. Conclusions It is a challenge to detect pain in persons with dementia and several pain assessment strategies is necessary. A sense of uncertainty concerning the expressions from the person with dementia is described. Knowing the person well, collaborating with nurse assistants and relatives, having a broad experience, regular observations of the person and assessing pain with pain assessment instruments can facilitate the pain assessment. A personcentered palliative care plan can help in the process of assessing and evaluating pain.

Bakgrund: När en patient drabbas av hjärtstopp ingår det i allmänsjuksköterskans uppgifter att påbörja HLR för att försöka rädda patientens liv. På allmän vårdavdelning används mer avancerad behandling, så kallad S-HLR. En hjärtstoppsituation kan upplevas skrämmande för sjuksköterskan eftersom hen sannolikt behöver gå från en mer lugn till en akut situation. Det kan kännas påfrestande men kunskap och erfarenhet hjälper hen att agera. Behandlingen av hjärtstopp utförs i team tillsammans med flera professioner vilket innebär att det är viktigt med ett väl fungerande teamarbete. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka allmänsjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda vid ett hjärtstopp på vårdavdelningar. Metod: Som metod valdes en kvalitativ intervjustudie där resultatet baserades på sju semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna transkriberades och analyserades sedan med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys som besvarade syftet för studien. Resultat: Resultatet visade på att det fanns fyra kategorier som bidrog till upplevelsen av hjärtstopp; ”Kunskap om hjärtstopp” där vikten av utbildning, rutiner och erfarenhet påtalades. ”När hjärtstopp pågår” som innefattar första reaktionen, HLR-situationen och att avbryta HLR. ”Att arbeta i team” bestående av samarbete, trygghet och verktyg för teamet. Slutligen ”Bearbetning efter hjärtstopp” som handlade om debriefing, uppföljning och uppfattning om hjärtstopp. Alla dessa områden bildade tillsammans en uppfattning av hjärtstopp. Slutsats: Hjärtstoppsvård är en påfrestande situation som sjuksköterskan minns länge och det är därför viktigt att avdelningarna arbetar med samtliga kategorier som framkommit i resultatet för att stödja och underlätta för de sjuksköterskor som engageras vid ett hjärtstopp på en vårdavdelning. / Background: When a patient has a cardiac arrest, it is included in the RN's duties to start CPR in order to try to save the patient's life. In the general nursing ward, more advanced treatment, so-called hospital CPR, is used. A cardiac arrest can be daunting for the nurse because they probably need to shift from a calm situation to an emergency situation. It may feel stressful, but knowledge and experience helps the RN to act. The treatment of cardiac arrest is performed in teams with several professions which means that it is important to have a good teamwork. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the RN’s experiences of caring for a cardiac arrest occurring at nursing wards. Method: As a method, a qualitative interview study was chosen, based on seven semi- structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed and then analyzed with a qualitative content analysis that suited the aim of the study. Result: The result showed that there were four categories that contributed to the experience of cardiac arrest; "Knowledge of cardiac arrest", emphasizing the importance of education, routines and experience. "When cardiac arrest is in progress" that includes the first response, CPR situation, and termination of CPR. "Working in team" consisting of cooperation, safety and instruments for teamwork. Finally, "Processing after cardiac arrest" that involved debriefing, follow-up and perception of cardiac arrest. All of these areas together formed an idea of ​​cardiac arrest. Conclusion: Cardiac arrest is an urgent situation that the nurse remembers for a long time, and it is therefore important that the wards work with all categories identified in the results to support and facilitate the nurses engaged in a cardiac arrest in a nursing ward.