<p>Thanks to I have got to explore different teaching ways around the problem solving in a year 3, in a multicultural school which is located south of Stockholm, I have been able to answer my question at issue in my degree work. My question at issue on this investigation and the purpose with my degree work was to explore different teaching ways that promotes pupils with another mother tongue than Swedish, to develop reading comprehension and to get a better understanding of mathematical concepts in problem solving tasks. On this investigation have I chosen to teach these pupils to explore, reach and gain a deeper understanding of what teaching about problem solving promotes these pupils. I have when it concerns choice of method and material collections assumed from a qualitative investigation and gathered the material with help from participation notices and interviews. </p><p>I have in my investigation reached the conclusion that those pupils with another mother tongue than Swedish developed reading comprehension and got a better understanding of mathematical concepts in problem solving tasks by being taught in a creative and varied teaching. A creative and varied teaching as I taught those pupils in contained:</p><ul><li>the pupils had to work with living-related problem tasks</li><li>the pupils had to work in pairs to resolve problem solving</li><li>the pupils had to work in larger groups to resolve problem solving</li><li>the pupils had to work in a creative way, by writing and drawing pictures and do their own mathematical fairy tale in problem solving</li><li>the pupils had to work with manipulatives to resolve problem solving in half classes.</li></ul> / <p>Tack vare att jag fick undersöka olika undervisningssätt runt problemlösning i en årskurs 3, i en mångkulturell skola som ligger söder om Stockholm, har jag kunnat besvara min frågeställning i mitt examensarbete. Syftet med examensarbetet var att undersöka vilken undervisning som gynnar elever med annat modersmål än svenska att utveckla läsförståelsen och få en ökad förståelse för matematiska begrepp i problemlösningsuppgifter. I undersökningen har jag valt att själv undervisa eleverna för att kunna undersöka, komma fram till och få en djupare förståelse om vilken undervisning runt problemlösning som gynnar dessa elever. När det gäller mitt val av metod och materialinsamling har jag valt att utgå från en kvalitativ undersökning, där jag har använt mig av deltagande observationer och intervjuer. </p><p>Jag har i min undersökning kommit fram till att dessa elever med annat modersmål än svenska utvecklade läsförståelsen och fick en ökad förståelse för matematiska begrepp i problemlösningsuppgifter genom att undervisas i en kreativ och varierad undervisning. En kreativ och varierad undervisning som jag undervisade eleverna i bestod av:</p><ul><li>att eleverna fick arbeta med elevnära problemuppgifter</li><li>eleverna fick arbeta med att lösa problemlösning i par</li><li>eleverna fick arbeta med att lösa problemlösning i större grupper</li><li>eleverna fick arbeta kreativt, genom att skriva och rita bilder och egna räknehändelser i problemlösning</li><li>eleverna fick arbeta med laborativt medel för att kunna lösa problemuppgifter i halvklasser.</li></ul>

Background: In paediatrics, the limited documentation to guide medication, the lack of suitable dosage forms, and the continuous development in childhood present a scenario where safety of medication is a particular challenge. Aim: To explore reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and the challenges in prescribing and administering medicines in paediatrics, in order to identify and suggest areas needing international surveillance within medication safety and improvement in the clinical setting. Methods: Four exploratory studies were conducted. Worldwide reporting of suspected ADRs (individual case safety reports, ICSR) with ages 0-17 years were examined overall. Twenty published case reports and ICSRs for adolescents, who developed a rare and incompletely documented ADR (rhabdomyolysis) during antipsychotic medicine use, were analysed in-depth. Prescribed doses of anti-inflammatory medicines were studied in a UK electronic health record database. Transcribed focus group interviews with 20 registered nurses from four paediatric wards in Sweden were analysed for factors that may promote or hinder safe medication practices. Descriptive statistics, multiple regression, and content analyses were used. Results: Although, skin reactions and anti-infective medicines were most frequently reported, and more reported in paediatric patients than in adults, medication errors and adverse reactions related to psychostimulant medicines were reported with increased frequency during 2005 to February 2010. The in-depth case analysis emphasised the need for increased vigilance following changes in patients’ medicine regimens, and indicated that ICSRs could contribute with clinically valuable information. Prescribed dose variations were associated with type of dosage form. Tablets and capsules were prescribed with a higher dose than liquid dosage forms. Six themes emerged from the interviews: preparation and administration was complex; medication errors caused considerable psychological burden; support from nurse colleagues was highly valued; unfamiliar medication was challenging; clear dose instructions were important; nurses handling medications needed to be accorded higher priority. Conclusions: Age-specific screening of ICSRs and the use of ICSRs to enhance knowledge of ADRs and medication errors need to be developed. Access to age-appropriate dosage forms is important when prescribing medicines to children. To improve medication safety practices in paediatric care, interdisciplinary collaborations across hospitals on national or even global levels are needed.

Thanks to I have got to explore different teaching ways around the problem solving in a year 3, in a multicultural school which is located south of Stockholm, I have been able to answer my question at issue in my degree work. My question at issue on this investigation and the purpose with my degree work was to explore different teaching ways that promotes pupils with another mother tongue than Swedish, to develop reading comprehension and to get a better understanding of mathematical concepts in problem solving tasks. On this investigation have I chosen to teach these pupils to explore, reach and gain a deeper understanding of what teaching about problem solving promotes these pupils. I have when it concerns choice of method and material collections assumed from a qualitative investigation and gathered the material with help from participation notices and interviews.  I have in my investigation reached the conclusion that those pupils with another mother tongue than Swedish developed reading comprehension and got a better understanding of mathematical concepts in problem solving tasks by being taught in a creative and varied teaching. A creative and varied teaching as I taught those pupils in contained: the pupils had to work with living-related problem tasks the pupils had to work in pairs to resolve problem solving the pupils had to work in larger groups to resolve problem solving the pupils had to work in a creative way, by writing and drawing pictures and do their own mathematical fairy tale in problem solving the pupils had to work with manipulatives to resolve problem solving in half classes. / Tack vare att jag fick undersöka olika undervisningssätt runt problemlösning i en årskurs 3, i en mångkulturell skola som ligger söder om Stockholm, har jag kunnat besvara min frågeställning i mitt examensarbete. Syftet med examensarbetet var att undersöka vilken undervisning som gynnar elever med annat modersmål än svenska att utveckla läsförståelsen och få en ökad förståelse för matematiska begrepp i problemlösningsuppgifter. I undersökningen har jag valt att själv undervisa eleverna för att kunna undersöka, komma fram till och få en djupare förståelse om vilken undervisning runt problemlösning som gynnar dessa elever. När det gäller mitt val av metod och materialinsamling har jag valt att utgå från en kvalitativ undersökning, där jag har använt mig av deltagande observationer och intervjuer.  Jag har i min undersökning kommit fram till att dessa elever med annat modersmål än svenska utvecklade läsförståelsen och fick en ökad förståelse för matematiska begrepp i problemlösningsuppgifter genom att undervisas i en kreativ och varierad undervisning. En kreativ och varierad undervisning som jag undervisade eleverna i bestod av: att eleverna fick arbeta med elevnära problemuppgifter eleverna fick arbeta med att lösa problemlösning i par eleverna fick arbeta med att lösa problemlösning i större grupper eleverna fick arbeta kreativt, genom att skriva och rita bilder och egna räknehändelser i problemlösning eleverna fick arbeta med laborativt medel för att kunna lösa problemuppgifter i halvklasser.