Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T19:11:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 121532.pdf: 2292179 bytes, checksum: 257dfecba7225159c419468a557e1c61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of this study is to understand in which way the intangible cultural heritage can be considered intergenerational intergerational relational good from the civil economy approach. This study makes use of three theoretical categories: intangible cultural heritage, relational goods and civil economy. Cultural heritage comes from the UNESCO declaration on the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage 1972, which recognizes for the first time in history the existence of a common heritage to humanity. In 2003 UNESCO approves a specific Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. The usual view on the protection and promotion of these goods puts to one side the state (public good) as largely responsible for safeguarding and on the other, the market (private good). However, by their nature, such intangible cultural heritage are established before private or public, as relational goods. Relational goods are those in which your enjoyment (utility) depend on establishing relationships with others, through reciprocity as gift. They both need a relationship to be enjoyed as improves the cohesion of those relations, also strengthening community relationships promoting the public happiness. Relational goods and public happiness are concepts used by the Italian approach to civilian economy, which arises in the so called Italian Civil Humanism, and has a broader understanding of the relationship between state and market, seeking first to understand how the three structuring logics of social order can coexist: reciprocity, redistribution and exchange, in the quest for the establishment of civil happiness. Therefore, this study uses eminently theoretical approach. First we present the definition of intangible cultural heritage from international conventions. Then, it outlines the emergence of the civilian economy and the way in which the civilian economy understands the relationship between state, market and civil society. Subsequently identifies the different categories of goods, specifically the relational goods, proposing a theoretical framework for understanding the different categories of goods, including relational, according to the assumptions of the civilian economy. It is suggested to consider the ramifications in the time perspective of relational goods within the properties of relational goods. Is used secondarily two cases to illustrate this relationship: the Cirio de Nazaré and Samba de Roda no Recôncavo Baiano. Are proposed analytical developments when considering the intangible cultural heritage as a intergenerational relational good from the approach of the civilian economy. We conclude that the intangible cultural heritage can be considered an intergerational relational good when viewed from certain assumptions civil economy, especially the magnified view of the market, state and civil society as favorable spaces to establish ties of reciprocity-gift, which implies in particular understand the market as space of the civil, state as promoter of relationality and relational goods through the principle of subsidiarity and the civil society structured by the generosity and spontaneity of the gift. / Este trabalho busca compreender em que medida o patrimônio cultural imaterial pode ser considerado um bem relacional intergeracional a partir da perspectiva da economia civil. Para tanto este trabalho utiliza-se de três categorias teóricas: o patrimônio cultural imaterial, os bens relacionais e a economia civil. O patrimônio cultural afirma-se com a Declaração da UNESCO para a Proteção do Patrimônio Mundial, Cultural e Natural de 1972, que reconhece pela primeira vez na história a existência de um patrimônio comum a todos. Em 2003 a UNESCO aprova uma convenção específica para a Salvaguarda do Patrimônio Cultural Imaterial. A visão habitual acerca da proteção e promoção destes bens coloca de um lado o estado (bem público) como grande responsável pela sua salvaguarda e, do outro, o mercado (bem privado). Contudo, por sua natureza, tais bens imateriais se estabelecem, antes de privados ou públicos, como bens relacionais. Bens relacionais são aqueles em que a sua fruição (utilidade) dependem do estabelecimento de relações com os outros, por meio da reciprocidade enquanto dom. Eles tanto necessitam de uma relação para serem desfrutados quanto promovem a coesão dessas mesmas relações, fortalecendo também as relações dentro de uma comunidade e estimulando a felicidade pública. Os bens relacionais e a felicidade pública são conceitos utilizados pela abordagem italiana da economia civil, que surge no chamado Humanismo Civil italiano, e possui uma compreensão mais alargada sobre as relações entre estado e mercado, buscando compreender primeiramente como podem coexistir as três lógicas estruturantes da ordem social: reciprocidade, a troca e a redistribuição, na busca pelo estabelecimento da felicidade civil. Para tanto, este estudo se utiliza eminentemente de abordagem teórica. Primeiramente apresenta-se a definição de patrimônio cultural imaterial a partir das convenções internacionais. Em seguida delineia-se o surgimento da economia civil e a forma pela qual a economia civil compreende a articulação entre estado, mercado e sociedade civil. Posteriormente identifica-se as diferentes categorias de bens, especificamente os bens relacionais, propondo um arcabouço teórico para a compreensão das diferentes categorias de bens, incluindo os relacionais, de acordo com os pressupostos da economia civil. Sugere-se os desdobramentos em se considerar a perspectiva temporal dos bens relacionais dentro das propriedades dos bens relacionais. Utiliza-se secundariamente dois cases para ilustrar esta relação: o Círio de Nazaré e o Samba de Roda no Recôncavo Baiano. Propõem-se desdobramentos analíticos ao se considerar o patrimônio cultural imaterial como bem relacional intergeracional a partir da abordagem da economia civil. Conclui-se que o patrimônio cultural imaterial pode ser considerado um bem relacional intergeracional quando observados de certos pressupostos da economia civil, em especial a visão ampliada do mercado, estado e sociedade civil como espaços propícios para o estabelecimento de laços de reciprocidade-dom, que implica especialmente compreender o mercado como espaço do civil, o estado como promotor de relacionalidade e bens relacionais através do princípio da subsidiariedade, e a sociedade civil como espaço estruturado por meio da gratuidade e da espontaneidade do dom.

La prise en compte de l’intérêt du cocontractant, ayant une particularité conceptuelle suffisante, n’agit pas au service principal de l’intérêt égoïste ou de l’intérêt commun. Dynamique relationnelle, altruisme, et altérité de base des intérêts, en caractérisent donc une théorie pure. Quant à sa réalité théorique en droit contractuel, elle est fondée sur un principe de fraternité. Il constitue d’abord son support conceptuel, à l’exclusion de la solidarité dont il se distingue, son contenu correspondant à la triple dynamique délimitant la théorie pure de la notion. Il est ensuite son fondement réel, permettant de dépasser les limites de ses fondements concurrents – la bonne foi ou le solidarisme contractuel –, et le principe-axiome rendant compte de celle-ci. Quant à sa réalité matérielle le constat est qu’une partie de l’évolution de la théorie classique des obligations et contrats se matérialise par telle prise en compte. Cette dernière se manifeste d’une part, comme tempérament au principe de liberté contractuelle, tantôt comme norme positive de comportement – dans la bonne foi relationnelle, et l’obligation d’information renforcée –, tantôt comme limite à une prérogative contractuelle – dans le contrôle de l’abus et potentiellement, l’obligation de minimiser le dommage. Elle se manifeste d’autre part, comme aménagement du principe de la force obligatoire, opérant lors de la survenance d’une difficulté d’exécution étrangère au partenaire – dans l’obligation de renégociation du contrat, et potentiellement la théorie de l’imprévision –, ou d’une difficulté inhérente à celui-ci – dans les mesures de grâce, et la législation d’aménagement du surendettement des particuliers. / A sufficient particular concept of “taking into consideration the other party’s interest” cannot intervene principally at the service of the selfish or common interest. Its pure theory is therefore characterized by “relational dynamism”, altruism and a basic distinction between interests. Concerning its theoretical reality in contractual law, it is based on a fraternity principle. Such principle constitutes firstly its conceptual support, to the exclusion of solidarity from which it is distinguished, since its content corresponds to the triple dynamic that characterizes the notion’s pure theory. Secondly, it constitutes its real basis, since it allows overcoming the limits of its concurrent basis – the good faith and the contractual solidarism – and is the principal-axiom where it finds its source. As to its material reality, a part of the evolution of the classical theory of obligations and contracts is materialized by such taking into consideration. It is manifested on the one hand as a temperament to the contractual freedom principle, sometimes as a positive standard of behavior – in the relational good faith and the reinforced obligation of information – and sometimes as a limit to a contractual prerogative – in the control of abuse and potentially the obligation to mitigate damages. It is manifested on the other hand, as an adjustment of the binding effect principle, when occurs a difficulty of execution that is exterior to the other party – in the duty to renegotiate the contract and potentially the “unforseeability” theory –, or inherent to this party – in the grace measures and the legislation on the adjustment of private individuals excessive indebtedness.