Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:31:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ludmila Maria Batista de Brito Ribeiro.pdf: 1508943 bytes, checksum: 8ad1266429892425d7e248ffd2a86bff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-05 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This study sought to further the scientific knowledge on the approach of Social Relations between the Sexes / SRS through using all its analytical categories (Modes of Action and Forms of Expression) in a single study on the professional lives of scientists in the area of physics, in public research institutes, fro m the investigation on which are the implications of belonging to a certain category of gender in the professional life of the scientists from the approach of Social Relations between the Sexes. It was opted for a qualitative approach. The research strateg y used was inferred from the empirical studies developed by Devreux. This strategy, originally applied to sociological studies, was adapted and replicated, for the first time, in an organizational study. The data, that came from various sources, were colle cted in 5 research institutes (four in Brazil and one in France), including biographical reports, institutional documents and data from Lattes s Plataform and Directory of Research Groups (both from CNPq). The data collected in France were the basis for th e adequacy of the Guide of Biographical Reporting and to collect information about public policies of parity developed in that country. The results indicated that the professional lives of women scientists is directly impacted by SRS, either in the symboli c aspect that corresponds to the mental burden of the execution of reproductive labor (domestic tasks and care of children) and as in material aspects such as lack of time to dedicate entirely to the career. A higher valuation of men s productive labor was perceived when associated the masculine strength to subarea of experimental physics, in a way that women would be more directed to theoretical physics in function of their fragility in handling large research equipment. The memory frames about the profess ion of scientist s mother proved sexed and showed no relevant intergenerational differences. The sexual posture of men and women demonstrated that the fight between the two sexes was identified in the form of an alliance strategy that always occurs in a wa y that favors the class of men. When having to articulate the work (productive and reproductive) the woman works twice. This constrains her to do juggle, put herself at a disadvantage situation in the professional competition and maintain the frame of male domination in the area of physics. / Este estudo buscou aprofundar os conhecimentos científicos sobre a abordagem das Relações Sociais entre os Sexos/ RSS por meio de utilização de todas as suas categorias analíticas (Modos de Ação e Formas de Expressão) em um único estudo sobre a vida profissional de cientistas na área da Física em institutos públicos de pesquisa a partir da investigação sobre quais as implicações do pertencimento a uma determinada categoria de sexo na vida profissional dos(as) cientistas a partir da abordagem das Relações Sociais entre os Sexos. Optou - se pela abordagem qualitativa. A estratégia de pesquisa utilizada foi depreendida a pa rtir dos estudos empíricos desenvolvidos por Devreux. Essa estratégia , originariamente aplicada aos estudos sociológicos, foi adaptada e replicada, pela primeira vez, em um estudo organizacional. Os dados, advindos de várias fontes, foram coletados em cinc o institutos de pesquisa (quatro no Brasil e um na França), incluindo relatos biográficos, documentos institucionais e dados da Plataforma Lattes e do Diretório dos Grupos de Pesquisas (ambos do CNPq). Os dados coletados na França serviram de base para a a dequação do Guia de Relato Biográfico e para a coleta de informações acerca das políticas públicas de paridade desenvolvidas naquele país. Os resultados indicaram que a vida profissional das mulheres cientistas é diretamente impactada pelas RSS, seja no as pecto simbólico que corresponde ao encargo mental da execução do trabalho reprodutivo (tarefas domésticas e de cuidado dos filhos), seja em aspectos materiais como a falta de tempo para se dedicar integralmente à carreira. Uma maior valorização do trabalho produtivo dos homens foi percebida ao se associar a força masculina à subárea da Física Experimental , de modo que as mulheres estariam mais direcionadas à Física teórica em função da sua fragilidade em manusear grandes equipamentos de pesquisa. Os quadro s de memória sobre a profissão da mãe do(a) cientista se revelaram sexuados e não apresentaram diferenças intergeracionais relevantes. Os posicionamentos sexuados de homens e mulheres demonstraram que a luta entre os dois sexos foi identificada sob a fo rma de estratégia de aliança firmada sempre de modo a favorecer a classe dos homens. Ao ter que articular o trabalho (produtivo e reprodutivo), a mulher trabalha duas vezes. Isso a constrange a fazer malabarismos, a coloca em situação de desvantagem na c oncorrência profissional e, mant é m o quadro de dominação masculina na área da Física.

Cette thèse se propose d'étudier, dans le cadre d'une exégèse des textes de Marx compris entre 1844 et 1867, la manière dont ce dernier a conçu la prostitution et les rapports entre les sexes. La prostitution se présente tout d'abord de façon double : elle est associé au mariage et à la propriété privée familiale et elle désigne une activité sociale proprement dite. Pour éclairer le rapport de Marx à ces questions, il est nécessaire de faire retour sur sa conception du prolétariat et des classes sociales. L'analyse suivie des textes de Marx montre que c'est à partir de 1845, lorsque Marx pose sa propre conception des classes sociale, qu'il pose d'une part, la notion de Lumpenproletariat et d'autre part, le concept de la propriété privée familiale. L'activité sociale prostitutionnelle est alors définitivement rangée dans le Lumpenproletariat et l'association entre le mariage et la prostitution n'est plus valable que pour la bourgeoisie, la famille ouvrière ayant été dissoute. L'évolution théorique de Marx le conduit à réintroduire le concept de la famille pour la classe ouvrière, concept qui lui permettra dans le livre I du Capital d'envisager les rapports entre les sexes de manière contradictoire au sein de la classe ouvrière. Les rapports entre les sexes, envisagés d'abord d'un point de vue générique et du point de vue de la propriété privée familiale, conduiront Marx à mettre en lumière le processus d'individualisation des « membres » de la famille ouvrière après l'entrée des femmes et des enfants dans le monde social du travail. Ce travail s'inscrit dans l'histoire de la philosophie, il a donc pour ambition une lecture interne de l’œuvre de Marx qui permette de mettre en lumière sa position sur la prostitution et les rapports entre les sexes mais il a aussi vocation à permettre d'ouvrir un dialogue entre les courants du marxisme et les études de genre dans une perspective interdisciplinaire. / This dissertation studies, in the framework of an exegesis of the texts of Marx between 1844 and 1867, the way in which the former conceived of prostitution and of the relations between the sexes. Prostitution is presented in two ways: it is associated with marriage and private family property and it designates a social activity, as such. To shed light on Marx's report to these questions, it is necessary to review his conception of the proletariat and social classes. An analysis of Marx's texts shows that this begins in 1845, when Marx conceived of his own conception of social class. He proposed, on the one hand, the concept of Lumpenproletariat and, on the other hand, the concept of private family property. The social activity of prostitution is thus definitely included in the Lumpenproletariat; further, the association between marriage and prostitution is only valid for the bourgeoisie, as the working class family had been dissolved. Marx's theoretical evolution led him to reintroduce the concept of the family for the working class, a concept that would enable him in Book I of Capital to envisage relations between the sexes in a contradictory manner within the working class. The relationship between the sexes, first considered from both a generic point of view and from the point of view of private family ownership, will lead Marx to highlight the process of individualization of the "members" of the working class family after the entry of women and children into the social world of work. This work is part of the history of philosophy, so the ambition of this dissertation is to read internally the work of Marx that highlights its position on prostitution and gender relations; it also aims to to open a dialogue between the currents of Marxism and gender studies in an interdisciplinary perspective.