No / This paper examines the effects of geopolitical risks on renewable energy demand in 20 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries from 1970 to 2019. The renewable energy demand function includes carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, economic globalisation, natural resources rents, and per capita income as control variables. It is found that geopolitical risks reduce the demand for renewable energy and threaten climate change mitigation policies. Degrading the environment in terms of rising CO2 emissions is detrimental to the renewable energy demand. Natural resource rents also decrease renewable energy consumption. However, higher per capita income and economic globalisation significantly increase renewable energy consumption. These findings bear crucial policy implications for the Russia-Ukraine War era, suggesting that geopolitical risks discourage renewable energy demand. Therefore, policymakers in the OECD countries should focus on geopolitical harmony among economic agents, groups, and regions.

Yes / This paper uses a new measure of international trade, i.e. the international trade potential index, to measure the welfare gains from trade across countries. The measure is based on the import shares of countries in their gross domestic products. It is observed that gains from international trade are low in prosperous economies, but they are larger in poorer economies. Then, the paper investigates the impact of the index of international trade potential on renewable energy consumption in the unbalanced panel dataset of 36 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member countries from 1966 to 2016. The novel evidence is that international trade potential is positively related to renewable energy consumption. It is also found that per capita income, per capita carbon dioxide emissions, and energy prices increase the demand for renewable energy. / The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Philosophy & Social Science Fund of Tianjin City, China (Award #: TJYJ20-012).

This master thesis deals with the question how you could use “demand side management” to influence the consumer on the energy market. Because of the increasing part of the renewable energy the stability in the energy production will drop. With new technology the building of energy storages will be one way to deal with the problem. Another way is to influence the consumer. Firstly the thesis will give a brief overview about the current development of renewable energy. This includes the production time and location of every energy sources. After that the next chapter is about the consummation side of the energy market with the prices. A detailed examination will show the biggest groups of demander and their location and time of consumption. The third chapter will describes the German electricity market including the main problems with demand side management on this market: the low price elasticity. The last chapter will take in the actual demand side management. Methods and applications will show a possible way to overcome the main problem but can’t bring a universal solution. The reasons are the low amount of data referring to renewable energy and applied demand side management and the development of a new market with a less of fossil fuel. The new market would change all actual concepts of pricing and vice versa the consumption.