Esta dissertação analisa a representação das comunidades de descendentes de imigrantes alemães no Rio Grande do Sul, durante o período do Estado Novo, sob a ótica de duas obras literárias de autores gaúchos, escritas nesse período: Um rio imita o Reno, de Vianna Moog, publicada em 1939, e Longe do Reno – Uma resposta a Vianna Moog, de Bayard Mércio, publicada em 1940. É realizada uma discussão sobre a forma como esses imigrantes eram percebidos em sua relação com a sociedade brasileira, ou seja, se havia uma integração desses grupos na cultura do país e na defesa dos interesses nacionais, ou se eles ainda permaneciam vivendo a cultura de seus antepassados e mantendo relações com a política alemã. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-07-03T16:28:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Paula Cristina Weber.pdf: 1939225 bytes, checksum: 777491c7f741eb15a5fb3366bc367ebd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-03T16:28:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Paula Cristina Weber.pdf: 1939225 bytes, checksum: 777491c7f741eb15a5fb3366bc367ebd (MD5) / This dissertation examines the representation of communities of German immigrant descendants in Rio Grande do Sul, during the Estado Novo, from the perspective of two literary works written by authors from this state, during the period: Um rio imita o Reno (“A river imitates the Reno”), by Vianna Moog, published in 1939, and Longe do Reno – uma resposta a Vianna Moog (“Far from Reno – an answer to Vianna Moog”), by Bayard Mércio, published in 1940. Is held a discussion about how these immigrants were perceived in their relationship with Brazilian society; in other words, whether there was an integration of these groups into the culture of the country and in the defense of national interests, or if they were still living the culture of their ancestors and maintaining relationships with German politics.

Esta dissertação analisa a representação das comunidades de descendentes de imigrantes alemães no Rio Grande do Sul, durante o período do Estado Novo, sob a ótica de duas obras literárias de autores gaúchos, escritas nesse período: Um rio imita o Reno, de Vianna Moog, publicada em 1939, e Longe do Reno – Uma resposta a Vianna Moog, de Bayard Mércio, publicada em 1940. É realizada uma discussão sobre a forma como esses imigrantes eram percebidos em sua relação com a sociedade brasileira, ou seja, se havia uma integração desses grupos na cultura do país e na defesa dos interesses nacionais, ou se eles ainda permaneciam vivendo a cultura de seus antepassados e mantendo relações com a política alemã. / This dissertation examines the representation of communities of German immigrant descendants in Rio Grande do Sul, during the Estado Novo, from the perspective of two literary works written by authors from this state, during the period: Um rio imita o Reno (“A river imitates the Reno”), by Vianna Moog, published in 1939, and Longe do Reno – uma resposta a Vianna Moog (“Far from Reno – an answer to Vianna Moog”), by Bayard Mércio, published in 1940. Is held a discussion about how these immigrants were perceived in their relationship with Brazilian society; in other words, whether there was an integration of these groups into the culture of the country and in the defense of national interests, or if they were still living the culture of their ancestors and maintaining relationships with German politics.

Divorces in the United States during the twentieth century were, to say the least, extremely difficult to obtain. Most states had few grounds for divorce, and some, like New York, only allowed divorce in the instance of proven adultery. Waiting periods could stretch from one to three years. But for some hopeful divorcees, there was another way. Nevada had nine broad grounds for divorce, among them “mental cruelty.” After 1931, anyone could become a Nevada citizen and divorce within the state after a mere six weeks of residency. Before the widespread liberalization of divorce law in the early to mid-1970s, Reno, Nevada became the divorce capital of America. Divorcees, usually women, from all over the country poured into Reno to “get Reno-vated” and quickly part with their spouses. Subsequently, a complex local economy developed to accommodate the “six-weekers” during while they established residency. For the wealthy divorce-seeking elite, luxurious “divorce ranches” offered a relaxing six-week stay complete with catered meals, horseback riding, and trips to Lake Tahoe. The ranches brought together a substantial number of women who were overtly there for the same reason: to obtain a divorce. The simple fact of this mutual understanding provided a level of closeness and openness that was very unusual for the time, facilitating commiseration, camaraderie, and friendship. The closeness of ranch relationships was amplified by their demographics; the ranches were overwhelmingly female spaces, as the majority of their guests, proprietors, and staff were women. The Reno divorce industry demonstrates that women were willing to go to great lengths, measured in miles, days, and dollars, to obtain divorces. Affirming the existence of these Reno divorcees and examining their experiences during their quickie divorces illustrates substantial shifts in marital expectations throughout the twentieth century and contextualizes the 1970s expansion of divorce rights.

In this dissertation, we present performance prediction models for rate-based and window¡Vbased flow control mechanisms. For rate-based flow control, such as in ATM network, we derive two analytical models to predict the ACR rates for congestion-free and congestion networks, respectively. To coordinate the cooperative problems of TCP over ATM networks, we propose a new algorithm to monitor the states of ATM switches and adjust TCP congestion window size based on RM cells. For window-based flow control mechanisms, such as in TCP-Reno and TCP-SACK, we respectively present analytical models to systematically capture the characteristics of multiple consecutive packet losses in TCP windows. Through fast retransmission, the lost packets may or may not be recovered. Thus, we present upper bound analyses for slow start and congestion avoidance phases to study the effects of multiple packet losses on TCP performance. Above the proposed upper bounds, the lost packets may not be successfully recovered through fast retransmission. Finally, we develop a model to study the TCP performance in terms of throughput degradation resulted from multiple consecutive packet losses. The analytical results from the throughput degradation model are validated through OPNET simulation.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2007. / "May, 2007." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-118). Online version available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin, 1956. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. xx-xxvi).

Background: In the recent years, the focus of research has shifted to Quality of Experience(QoE) to maintain the user satisfaction levels and fulfill their expectations of the serviceoffered. Numerous work has been established in finding the relationship between the networklayer and QoE. But, it is fact that the transport layer is much closer to the end-user than thenetwork layer in the TCP/IP communication protocol suite. Thus, any changes in the degreeof satisfaction or degree of annoyance are directly reflected onto transport layer than on thenetwork layer. So, it becomes more significant to study the behavior of user satisfaction inrelation to transport layer than the network layer. Objectives: This research is to relate the behavior of TCP to QoE. The main considerations tobridge the gap between them are: (a) Analyzing the effects of using different versions of TCPon server and client side, (b) Monitoring and analyzing the intensity of TCP traffic in thereverse direction and (c) Investigating TCP control flags from client to server. Methods: QoE related parameters used in this research are: (a) Quality of video i.e., MOS, (b)Degree of disturbance caused by initial delay, (c) Degree of disturbance caused by jerkinessand (d) Degree of disturbance caused by freezes. Effects of network impairments like delay,jitter and packet loss are considered in this research. NetEm is used as the traffic emulationsoftware to shape the traffic. The packet capture analysis of traffic exchange is implementedusing tcpdump. Results and Conclusions: The aim of this research is to provide a passive-estimation methodto assess the user perceived performance. The results of this research provide valuablecontribution to service providers/operators to note the early warning signals from TCP reversetraffic to evaluate the decrease of user satisfaction level and try to cope or/and recover fromimpairments in the network. This research also provides a scope for future researchers toinvestigate other protocols both in transport and application layers.

The Reno-Sparks community is in a seismically hazardous area. Recent research indicates that a Richter 7.0 or greater magnitude earthquake could affect the area. Many of the emergency and essential facilities are situated in dangerous geological locations and are housed in outdated structures which could be severely damaged in the event of a major earthquake. Detailed site evaluations need to be made with respect to location of new structures and of existing building safety. The 1979 Unified Building Code seismic provisions should be adopted without exception; Nevada Revised Statute 278 .160 needs to be revised to require a seismic safety plan; Alquist-Priolo legislation should be implemented, and creation of a comprehensive civil defense plan for seismic hazards is essential.

Internet of Things (IoT) is the idea that every device around us is connected and these devices continually collect and communicate data for analysis at a large scale in order to enable better end user experience, resource utilization and device performance. Therefore, data is central to the concept of IoT and the amount being collected is growing at an unprecedented rate. Current networking systems and hardware are not fully equipped to handle influx of data at this scale which is a serious problem because it can lead to erroneous interpretation of the data resulting in low resource utilization and bad end user experience defeating the purpose of IoT. This thesis aims at improving data transportation for IoT. In IoT systems, devices are connected to one or more cloud services over the internet via an access link. The cloud processes the data sent by the devices and sends back appropriate instructions. Hence, the performance of the two ends of the network ie the access networks and datacenter network, directly impacts the performance of IoT. The first portion of the our research targets improvement of the access networks by improving access link (router) design. Among the important design aspects of routers is the size of their output buffer queue. %Selecting an appropriate size of this buffer is crucial because it impacts two key metrics of an IoT system: 1) access link utilization and 2) latency. We have developed a probabilistic model to calculate the size of the output buffer that ensures high link utilization and low latency for packets. We have eliminated limiting assumptions of prior art that do not hold true for IoT. Our results show that for TCP only traffic, buffer size calculated by the state of the art schemes results in at least 60% higher queuing delay compared to our scheme while achieving almost similar access link utilization, loss-rate, and goodput. For UDP only traffic, our scheme achieves at least 91% link utilization with very low queuing delays and aggregate goodput that is approx. 90% of link capacity. Finally, for mixed traffic scenarios our scheme achieves higher link utilization than TCP only and UDP only scenarios as well as low delays, low loss-rates and aggregate goodput that is approx 94% of link capacity. The second portion of the thesis focuses on datacenter networks. Applications that control IoT devices reside here. Performance of these applications is affected by the choice of TCP used for data communication between Virtual Machines (VM). However, cloud users have little to no knowledge about the network between the VMs and hence, lack a systematic method to select a TCP variant. We have focused on characterizing TCP Cubic, Reno, Vegas and DCTCP from the perspective of cloud tenants while treating the network as a black box. We have conducted experiments on the transport layer and the application layer. The observations from our transport layer experiments show TCP Vegas outperforms the other variants in terms of throughput, RTT, and stability. Application layer experiments show that Vegas has the worst response time while all other variants perform similarly. The results also show that different inter-request delay distributions have no effect on the throughput, RTT, or response time. / Master of Science / Internet of Things (IoT) is the idea that every electronic device around us, like watches, thermostats and even refrigerators, is connected to one another and these devices continually collect and communicate data. This data is analyzed at a large scale in order to enable better user experience and improve the utilization and performance of the devices. Therefore, data is central to the concept of IoT and because of the unprecedented increase in the number of connected devices, the amount being collected is growing at an unprecedented rate. Current computer networks over which the data is transported, are not fully equipped to handle influx of data at this scale. This is a serious problem because it can lead to erroneous analysis of the data, resulting in low device utilization and bad user experience, hence, defeating the purpose of IoT. This thesis aims at improving data transportation for IoT by improving different components involved in computer networks. In IoT systems, devices are connected to cloud computing services over the internet through a router. The router acts a gateway to send data to and receive data from the cloud services. The cloud services act as the brain of IoT i.e. they process the data sent by the devices and send back appropriate instructions for the devices to perform. Hence, the performance of the two ends of the network i.e. routers in the access networks and cloud services in datacenter network, directly impacts the performance of IoT. The first portion of our research targets the design of routers. Among the important design aspects of routers is their size of their output buffer queue which holds the data packets to be sent out. We have developed a novel probabilistic model to calculate the size of the output buffer that ensures that the link utilization stays high and the latency of the IoT devices stays low, ensuring good performance. Results show that that our scheme outperforms state-of-the-art schemes for TCP only traffic and shows very favorable results for UDP only and mixed traffic scenarios. The second portion of the thesis focuses on improving application service performance in datacenter networks. Applications that control IoT devices reside in the cloud and their performance is directly affected by the protocol chosen to send data between different machines. However, cloud users have almost no knowledge about the configuration of the network between the machines allotted to them in the cloud. Hence, they lack a systematic method to select a protocol variant that is suitable for their application. We have focused on characterizing different protocols: TCP Cubic, Reno, Vegas and DCTCP from the perspective of cloud tenants while treating the network as a black-box (unknown). We have provided in depth analysis and insights into the throughput and latency behaviors which should help the cloud tenants make a more informed choice of TCP congestion control.

Zugl.: Bayreuth, Univ., Diss., 2007.