The Master's Thesis is focused on methods and tools in knowledge management. The paper introduce knowledge management its history and present. Meanwhile history is presented as a list of important events present view is supported by current trends in field of knowledge management, business analysis of selected companies and evaluation of available publications on the topic of knowledge management. The main aim the paper is to present suitable methodology for the initial phase of Mitroff's model - conceptualization. The selected approach is then applied to the model situation. It is the decision of the city government for the construction and expansion of local factory. The last part is about Business Model Canvas which aims to outline the possible application of the methodology in practice.

Leadership is a problematic topic at universities and it is therefore difficult to isolate a leadership theory that is applicable to Heads of Department (HODs). The manner in which HODs construe their leadership roles is the focus of this research project and the study is conducted from a constructivist perspective The university context in which HODs lead is explored in the literature overview. Definitions of leadership, general leadership theories and leadership issues in academe are investigated. The research findings are integrated into a leadership model for HODs, consisting of constructs (leadership behaviours, actions and values) and elements (leadership situations). The following contributions are made by the study: * The variety roles an HOD has to fulfil is confirmed by the study. However, this study indicates that leadership is interwoven with everything an HOD undertakes. * HODs construct their roles uniquely, but in general terms most HODs consider academic and scholarly work (own and that of the department) as part of the leadership role they fulfil. Leadership at HOD level at university incorporates both managerial and leadership ideas. * HODs consider their leadership environment to have qualities of the following known university environments: collegial, enterprise, bureaucratic and corporate. * This study identifies eight leadership themes with reference to the leadership role of an HOD at university; providing academic guidance, being a figurehead, determining the strategy and positioning the department, liaising with internal and external stakeholders, being a change agent, being a general manager, and being involved in student and staff relations. The following leadership themes can be added to the current body of literature: being a figurehead, own scholarly profile, as well as being involved in staff and student relations. Leadership at academic departments is at the heart of everything in which an HOD is involved. Leadership is thus becoming indispensable at academic departments at university. / Industrial & Organisational Psychology) / D. Com. (Consulting Psychology)

This thesis argues for a dualistic, epistemological, framework for the study of legitimacy which recognises the different ways it might be understood to exist, and as such be managed, within organisations. It is based on an ethnography of a Scottish professional theatre, Dundee Rep, undertaken over a 30 month period. The research adopts a social constructionist ontology and an epistemological framework based on the knowing that / knowing how framework of Gilbert Ryle to present three accounts of the legitimacy of the theatre – as belonging, becoming and integrated- and to challenge the notion implicit in the organisation studies literature that legitimacy is treated (and should be treated) as a belonging by organisations. The proposed integrated epistemological framing of legitimacy explains how notions of legitimacy as an emergent, negotiated perception and as a competitive resource possessed are both crucial to developing an integrated understanding of how legitimacy is produced at the organisational level.

Esse trabalho tem como objeto o estudo das variações de densidade e seu diálogo com direcionalidade nos processos de composição musical estabelecendo indicações para análise interpretativa. Uma vez que problematizamos os conceitos de densidade e direcionalidade, buscamos estabelecer leituras dessas variáveis tanto quanto ao seu comportamento harmônico, rítmico, contrapontístico, timbrístico, transformações de intensidade, seja vertical ou horizontalmente, quanto à trama psicológico-dramática nas relações entre texto e música, assim como no uso do silêncio. O pensamento metodológico está apoiado tanto no Referencial Silva Ramos de Análise de obras corais (2003), que deu origem as nossas reflexões sobre densidade e direcionalidade, quanto em outras referências, igualmente estruturais, que são: Wallace Berry (1976), Arnold Schoenberg (1969, 2012), Barenboim (2007, 2009), Riemann (1896), Menezes (2002, 2006) e Schenker (1996, 2000). Ao tratar diretamente do significado destes parâmetros na estrutura musical, buscamos responder a principal pergunta deste trabalho: como tais variáveis e seus entrelaçamentos podem contribuir para uma análise voltada para construção de possíveis futuras performances. Divide-se em três capítulos, no primeiro constituímos três premissas de densidade: i) densidade vertical, a partir da análise das obras de Berry (1976), ii) densidade horizontal, com base nos fundamentos composicionais de Schoenberg (2012), iii) densidade dramática, fundamentada a partir de Ramos (2003). Realizamos a análise do madrigal Moro Lasso de Carlo Gesualdo para compreender o significado da densidade na estrutura musical e a sua contribuição para uma análise voltada para performance. No segundo capítulo, desenvolvemos as ideias de direcionalidade como um movimento transformador, destacando a direcionalidade melódica e harmônica, caracterizando também na ausência desta, a adirecionalidade. Percebemos na revisão bibliográfica e análise comparativa conceitual, a importância do conflito e do contraste para a caracterização e/ou intensificação da direcionalidade. Por fim, na análise interpretativa da obra Salmo 22 de Claudia Alvarenga, apontamos para as variações de densidade, em toda sua abrangência, como um possível elemento formador dos conflitos, contrastes e estranhamentos influenciadores de direcionalidade. / This work has as its object the study of density variations and its dialogue with directionality in the processes of musical composition, establishing indications for interpretative analysis. Once we have problematized the concepts of density and directionality, we seek to establish readings of these variables as well as their harmonic, rhythmic, contrapuntal, timbre, and intensity transformations, either vertically or horizontally, as well as the psychological-dramatic plot in the relationships between text and music, as well as in the use of silence. Methodological thinking is supported both in the Silva Ramos Reference Framework for Choral Works (2003), which gave rise to our reflections on density and directionality, as well as in other, equally structural, references that are: Wallace Berry (1976), Arnold Schoenberg (1969, 2012), Barenboim (2007, 2009), Riemann (1896), Menezes (2002, 2006) and Schenker (1996, 2000). When dealing directly with the meaning of these parameters in the musical structure, we try to answer the main question of this work: how these variables and their interlacings can contribute to an analysis directed to the construction of possible future performances. It is divided into three chapters, in the first one we establish three density assumptions: (i) horizontal density, based on the compositional foundations of Schoenberg (2012), (ii) the density of the vertical density, from the analysis of Berry\'s works (1976), (iii) density based on Ramos (2003). We performed the analysis of the madrigal Moro Lasso by Carlo Gesualdo to understand the meaning of density in the musical structure and its contribution to a performance - oriented analysis. In the second chapter, we develop the ideas of directionality as a transforming movement, highlighting the melodic and harmonic directionality, also characterizing in the absence of this, the adirecionalidade. We noticed in the bibliographic review and conceptual comparative analysis, the importance of conflict and contrast for the characterization and / or intensification of directionality. Finally, in the interpretative analysis of Claudia Alvarenga\'s Psalm 22, we point to the density variations, in all their scope, as a possible element forming the conflicts, contrasts and strangeness that influence directionality.

Esse trabalho tem como objeto o estudo das variações de densidade e seu diálogo com direcionalidade nos processos de composição musical estabelecendo indicações para análise interpretativa. Uma vez que problematizamos os conceitos de densidade e direcionalidade, buscamos estabelecer leituras dessas variáveis tanto quanto ao seu comportamento harmônico, rítmico, contrapontístico, timbrístico, transformações de intensidade, seja vertical ou horizontalmente, quanto à trama psicológico-dramática nas relações entre texto e música, assim como no uso do silêncio. O pensamento metodológico está apoiado tanto no Referencial Silva Ramos de Análise de obras corais (2003), que deu origem as nossas reflexões sobre densidade e direcionalidade, quanto em outras referências, igualmente estruturais, que são: Wallace Berry (1976), Arnold Schoenberg (1969, 2012), Barenboim (2007, 2009), Riemann (1896), Menezes (2002, 2006) e Schenker (1996, 2000). Ao tratar diretamente do significado destes parâmetros na estrutura musical, buscamos responder a principal pergunta deste trabalho: como tais variáveis e seus entrelaçamentos podem contribuir para uma análise voltada para construção de possíveis futuras performances. Divide-se em três capítulos, no primeiro constituímos três premissas de densidade: i) densidade vertical, a partir da análise das obras de Berry (1976), ii) densidade horizontal, com base nos fundamentos composicionais de Schoenberg (2012), iii) densidade dramática, fundamentada a partir de Ramos (2003). Realizamos a análise do madrigal Moro Lasso de Carlo Gesualdo para compreender o significado da densidade na estrutura musical e a sua contribuição para uma análise voltada para performance. No segundo capítulo, desenvolvemos as ideias de direcionalidade como um movimento transformador, destacando a direcionalidade melódica e harmônica, caracterizando também na ausência desta, a adirecionalidade. Percebemos na revisão bibliográfica e análise comparativa conceitual, a importância do conflito e do contraste para a caracterização e/ou intensificação da direcionalidade. Por fim, na análise interpretativa da obra Salmo 22 de Claudia Alvarenga, apontamos para as variações de densidade, em toda sua abrangência, como um possível elemento formador dos conflitos, contrastes e estranhamentos influenciadores de direcionalidade. / This work has as its object the study of density variations and its dialogue with directionality in the processes of musical composition, establishing indications for interpretative analysis. Once we have problematized the concepts of density and directionality, we seek to establish readings of these variables as well as their harmonic, rhythmic, contrapuntal, timbre, and intensity transformations, either vertically or horizontally, as well as the psychological-dramatic plot in the relationships between text and music, as well as in the use of silence. Methodological thinking is supported both in the Silva Ramos Reference Framework for Choral Works (2003), which gave rise to our reflections on density and directionality, as well as in other, equally structural, references that are: Wallace Berry (1976), Arnold Schoenberg (1969, 2012), Barenboim (2007, 2009), Riemann (1896), Menezes (2002, 2006) and Schenker (1996, 2000). When dealing directly with the meaning of these parameters in the musical structure, we try to answer the main question of this work: how these variables and their interlacings can contribute to an analysis directed to the construction of possible future performances. It is divided into three chapters, in the first one we establish three density assumptions: (i) horizontal density, based on the compositional foundations of Schoenberg (2012), (ii) the density of the vertical density, from the analysis of Berry\'s works (1976), (iii) density based on Ramos (2003). We performed the analysis of the madrigal Moro Lasso by Carlo Gesualdo to understand the meaning of density in the musical structure and its contribution to a performance - oriented analysis. In the second chapter, we develop the ideas of directionality as a transforming movement, highlighting the melodic and harmonic directionality, also characterizing in the absence of this, the adirecionalidade. We noticed in the bibliographic review and conceptual comparative analysis, the importance of conflict and contrast for the characterization and / or intensification of directionality. Finally, in the interpretative analysis of Claudia Alvarenga\'s Psalm 22, we point to the density variations, in all their scope, as a possible element forming the conflicts, contrasts and strangeness that influence directionality.

Cette thèse porte sur l’oralité orungu et notamment sur le conte. Elle est axée sur les performances d’un conteur, Brice Senah Ambenga, dans deux situations de communication différentes. En prenant comme point de départ la performance comme critère définitoire, elle analyse les contes en oralité première, en l’occurrence dans la veillée, la palabre de mariage et de deuil, l’initiation au Bwiti, mais également en néo-oralité, à savoir à la radio et lors de sa mise en spectacle. L’observation du même énonciateur aboutit au questionnement novateur suivant : la situation de communication a-t-elle des incidences sur la performance, la langue et les textes ? Cette problématique est analysée en neuf chapitres.Le premier présente la société à laquelle le conteur appartient et comprend un aperçu de son histoire et de son organisation sociopolitique.Dans le second chapitre, il est question du cadre théorique dans lequel se situe l’analyse, appuyée sur les notions d’oralité, de littérature orale et de performance. Par ailleurs, une interrogation sur la notion de "parole" et de "genres littéraires orungu" est proposée.Le troisième chapitre présente le conteur, son répertoire et les situations de communication déclinées en plusieurs circonstances.Les chapitres quatre à huit analysent les performances de ce conteur. Il s’agit de contextualiser et de décrire chaque performance i.e. situation d’énonciation, ainsi que les contes qui y sont énoncés, de manière à isoler leurs caractéristiques.Enfin, le dernier chapitre compare les caractéristiques des performances en oralité première et en néo-oralité.L’analyse s’appuie sur le corpus des contes transcrits et traduits dans le volume 2. / This thesis focuses on the orungu orality, in particular the orungu tale. It is centred on the performance of a storyteller, Brice Senah Ambenga, in two different communication situations. Taking performance as a defining criterion for a starting point, the study analyses tales in the traditional orality, in this case, during the wake, the marriage and mourning palaver, the initiation into Bwiti, but also in neo-orality, on the radio and when being staged. The observation of the same enunciator leads to the following innovative question: Does communication situation have any effect on the performance, the language and the texts? The question is analysed in nine chapters.The first chapter presents the storyteller’s society and that includes an overview of his story and the sociopolitical organization of his society.The second chapter is about the theoretical framework in which the analysis is based, supported by the notions of orality, oral literature and performance. Furthermore, a question on the notion of "speech" and "orungu literary genre" is proposed.The third chapter presents the storyteller, his repertoire and communication situations construed in many different circumstances.Chapters four to eight analyse the performances of this storyteller. It is about contextualizing and describing each performance, i.e., the enunciation situation, as well as the tales enunciated therein, so as to isolate their characteristics.Lastly, the last chapter compares performance characteristics of traditional orality and neo-orality.The analysis is based on the corpus of tales transcribed and translated in Volume 2.

La thèse présente étudie de façon exclusive quelques aspects fondamentaux des liens entre la musique classique persane et la musique classique turco-ottomane. Le premier chapitre est une esquisse des liens historiques des musiciens persans avec le milieu culturel ottoman, et l'influence qu'ils ont eue sur la musique classique de cet empire. Le second chapitre dégage des liens entre certains aspects du répertoire instrumental attribué aux compositeurs persans des XVIe et XVIIe siècles dans les manuscrits ottomans d’Ufki et de Cantemir avec ceux du répertoire classique persan le plus ancien transmis jusqu'à nos jours ; le répertoire qâjâr. Sous l’angle des convergences et divergences des écoles classiques persane et turque contemporaines, le troisième chapitre se focalise sur le concept fondamental de mode et entreprend de comparer les particularités de cinq éléments constitutifs modaux dans les pratiques turque et persane actuelles. Le quatrième chapitre, en vue d'une démonstration concrète des théories modales développées dans le chapitre précédant, analyse des affinités et des divergences de cinq maqâms turcs actuels d’une même famille modale, Ushshak, Beyati, Huseyni, Muhayyer, Arazbâr, dont la substance est comparable dans la tradition persane actuelle, soit Shur, Abu ‘atâ, Hoseyni/Bayât-e Kord/Hejâz/Dashti, Owj, et Shahnâz. Le dernier chapitre est une approche anthropologique destiné à présenter une tentative concrète de revivification du répertoire des « ‘Ajamlar » dans les milieux des musiciens iraniens contemporains, et à étudier les réactions de ces derniers faces à ce répertoire inconnu en Iran tiré des sources ottomanes. / This thesis studies exclusively some fundamental aspects of the links between the Persian classical music and the Turkish-Ottoman classical music. The first chapter is an outline of historical connections of Persian musicians with the Ottoman cultural environment, and the influence which they have had on the classical music of this empire. The second chapter identifies the links between some aspects of the instrumental repertory attributed to Persians composers of 16th and 17th centuries in Ufki and Cantemir’s Ottoman manuscripts and those of the oldest Persian classical music transmitted to our days; the qâjâr repertory. From the angle of convergences and divergences between contemporary the Persian and the Turkish classical schools, the third chapter focuses on the fundamental concept of mode and undertakes to compare the particularities of five modal constituent elements in the current Turkish and Persian practices. The fourth chapter, with a view to concrete demonstration of modal theories developed in the previous chapter, analyzes the affinities and differences of five current Turkish maqâms of a same modal family, Ushshak, Beyati, Huseyni, Muhayyer, Arazbâr, whose substance is comparable in the current Persian tradition, with Shur, Abu ‘atâ, Hoseyni/Bayât-e Kord/Hejâz/Dashti, Owj, et Shahnâz. The last chapter is an anthropological approach intended to present a concrete attempt to revivification of the “‘Ajamlar” repertory in contemporary Iranian musicians’ circles, and to study the reactions of these latter facing this unknown repertory in Iran taken from the Ottoman sources.

Issue d’une volonté démocratique d’émancipation du citoyen et d’élaboration d’une société nouvelle, l’institution théâtrale publique, en France comme en Italie, apparaît à nouveau, depuis le tournant des années 2000, comme en proie à une triple crise (politique, structurelle et artistique) qui permet d’interroger les rapports politiques et symboliques qui se jouent entre l’art et la société à l’intérieur d’un cadre institutionnel aiguillé par une mission de service public. À travers les exemples du Théâtre National de Strasbourg, du Théâtre National Populaire et du Piccolo Teatro de Milan, il s’agit donc d’envisager l’institution théâtrale publique dans l’ensemble de ses acteurs et de ses composantes (esthétiques, politiques, économiques, symboliques, architecturales et sociales) via le prisme des processus et stratégies de justification de leurs directeurs respectifs afin de déterminer et d’interpréter l’évolution des institutions et la transformation des fonctions qu’elles revendiquent et mettent en œuvre. En distinguant les différentes stratégies élaborées par les directeurs, se dessinent les postures adoptées par les artistes et les pouvoirs publics vis-à-vis de la société néo-libérale et des enjeux institutionnels, postures qui s’articulent et répondent à une contamination de la sphère culturelle par la sphère économique. Elles révèlent une scission, accentuée par le rôle donné au spectateur, entre les institutions qui cherchent à compenser cette contamination par la recherche d’interactions et d’expérimentations avec la société et celles qui la déplorent et y répondent par une mise à distance du réel et une concentration sur leur conception de l’art théâtral. / Stemmed from a democratic will of emancipation of the citizen and of working out of a new society, the public Theater, in France as well as in Italy, seems again to be a prey to a triple crisis (political, structural and artistic), since the turning point of 2000. This allows to question the political and symbolic connections which are at stake between art and society within institutional limits led by a public service mission. Through the examples of the “Théâtre National de Strasbourg” (TNS), Villeurbanne’s “Théâtre National Populaire” (TNP) and Milano’s “Piccolo Teatro”, the point is to consider the public Theater with the whole of its participants and constituents (esthetic, political, economic, symbolic, architectural and social) via the prism of their respective managers’ process and strategies of justification, in order to determine and explain the evolution of the institutions and the transformation of the duties they assume and implement. By distinguishing between the various strategies elaborated by the managers, we can give shape to the positions, held by the artists and the authorities towards the neo-liberal society and the institutional issues. These positions are linked and answer a contamination of the cultural sphere by the economic sphere. They reveal a division, increased by the role given to the audience, between the institutions, which try to compensate this contamination by ways of interactions and experimentations with the society, and those, which deplore this situation and answer it by standing aloof from reality and focusing on their conception of dramatic art.

Leadership is a problematic topic at universities and it is therefore difficult to isolate a leadership theory that is applicable to Heads of Department (HODs). The manner in which HODs construe their leadership roles is the focus of this research project and the study is conducted from a constructivist perspective The university context in which HODs lead is explored in the literature overview. Definitions of leadership, general leadership theories and leadership issues in academe are investigated. The research findings are integrated into a leadership model for HODs, consisting of constructs (leadership behaviours, actions and values) and elements (leadership situations). The following contributions are made by the study: * The variety roles an HOD has to fulfil is confirmed by the study. However, this study indicates that leadership is interwoven with everything an HOD undertakes. * HODs construct their roles uniquely, but in general terms most HODs consider academic and scholarly work (own and that of the department) as part of the leadership role they fulfil. Leadership at HOD level at university incorporates both managerial and leadership ideas. * HODs consider their leadership environment to have qualities of the following known university environments: collegial, enterprise, bureaucratic and corporate. * This study identifies eight leadership themes with reference to the leadership role of an HOD at university; providing academic guidance, being a figurehead, determining the strategy and positioning the department, liaising with internal and external stakeholders, being a change agent, being a general manager, and being involved in student and staff relations. The following leadership themes can be added to the current body of literature: being a figurehead, own scholarly profile, as well as being involved in staff and student relations. Leadership at academic departments is at the heart of everything in which an HOD is involved. Leadership is thus becoming indispensable at academic departments at university. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology) / D. Com. (Consulting Psychology)

La thèse, s’appuyant sur le fonds de motets à grand chœur conservés à la bibliothèque municipale de Lyon, tente de répondre à la problématique de la pratique musicale lyonnaise au XVIIIe siècle. Les quatre-vingt dix-neuf manuscrits et imprimés conservés se présentent sous forme de partitions ou de parties séparées et viennent pour la plupart de l’ancienne académie des beaux arts ou Concert. La première partie présente les cadres d’exécution du Grand motet à Lyon, dont le Concert, actif entre 1713 et 1773, mais aussi l’éphémère académie des Jacobins, la cérémonie annuelle du vœu pour le salut du roi Louis XV, les fêtes et réjouissances publiques et les concerts spirituels. Le corpus des motets conservés à Lyon est l’objet d’une analyse rigoureuse : la deuxième partie s’attache au catalogue de l’académie, au support musical (papiers à musique, filigranes et graphies musicales), ainsi qu’aux éléments musicaux dont témoignent les sources. La troisième partie présente le répertoire lyonnais du genre. Lalande représente la moitié du corpus conservé et la majorité des compositeurs sont des maîtres de musique de la Cour ou de la capitale, mais l’on trouve également des compositeurs d’autres provinces (Pétouille, Valette de Montigny, …) et des Lyonnais (Estienne, Bergiron du Fort-Michon, Belouard, …). La réception des œuvres à Lyon est mise en évidence par des comparaisons de sources, tandis que quelques particularités locales apparaissent, telles que la composition en « fragments ». Cette étude permet d’affirmer que, si la musique à Lyon est inscrite dans son époque, elle développe néanmoins des caractéristiques qui lui sont propres. / This thesis is founded on the corpus of french “grands motets” which are part of the collection of the Lyon public library, and tries to explain the question of musical practice in Lyon in the 18th century. The ninety-nine manuscripts and engraved sources conserved in the collection are scores and material which come mostly from the ancient “académie des beaux-arts”, also known as Concert. The first part of the thesis presents the context of Grand motet performances in Lyon, namely the Concert, which was active from 1713 to 1773, the short-lived “académie des Jacobins”, the yearly ceremony of the vow for salvation of the king Louis XV, and also public festivities and spiritual concerts. The corpus of motets conserved in Lyon is the subject of a rigorous analysis: the second part is dedicated to the catalogue of the Concert, the musical support (music papers, watermarks and musical handwritings) and to musical elements which appeared in the sources. The third part presents Lyon’s repertory of the motet genre. Half of the corpus is made up of Lalande’s works; most of the composers are from the Court or the capital, but there are musicians from other French provinces (Pétouille, Valette de Montigny, …) and also from Lyon (Estienne, Bergiron du Fort-Michon, Belouard…). The specific nature of the treatment of the motet in Lyon is brought to the fore by a comparison of the sources, while local particularities appear, like the composition by “fragments”. This study shows that if Lyonnais music belonged to its time, it nevertheless developed its own characteristics.