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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

TransformaÃÃo genÃtica de plantas de fumo (Nicotiana tabacum var. Xanthi) com a seqÃÃncia CV1887 de Chromobacterium violaceum / Genetic transformation of tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum var. Xanthi) with the sequence CV1887 from Chromobacterium violaceum

Sandra Mara Serafim Ribeiro 26 September 2009 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / A transformaÃÃo genÃtica de plantas atualmente representa uma importante ferramenta para investigaÃÃo da funÃÃo de genes de diversas origens como plantas, fungos, vÃrus, nematÃides e bactÃrias, sendo os de origem bacteriana os mais representativos. Dentro desse contexto, seqÃÃncias codificando para domÃnios contendo repetiÃÃes YD (tirosina- Ãcido aspÃrtico), que possuem similaridades com proteÃnas nematicidas, foram previamente detectadas no genoma de Chromobacterium violaceum estirpe ATCC 12472. Dentre essas seqÃÃncias, a ORF CV1887 (4.155 pb) foi selecionada para clonagem e expressÃo no sistema heterÃlogo, objetivando validar a atividade determinada in silico na anotaÃÃo do genoma de C. violaceum. A estratÃgia experimental consistiu em clonar as seqÃÃncias completa (4.155 pb) e parcial (2.642 pb) da ORF CV1887 no vetor binÃrio pBI121. Os vetores recombinantes foram introduzidos em cÃlulas de Agrobacterium tumefaciens estirpe LBA4404, por eletroporaÃÃo. Empregando-se o sistema de agroinfecÃÃo, segmentos foliares de Nicotiana tabacum var. Xanthi foram transformados e usados como propÃgulos para regeneraÃÃo dos transformantes primÃrios. A confirmaÃÃo da transformaÃÃo genÃtica foi feita por reaÃÃo da polimerase em cadeia (PCR), sendo usado como molde, o DNA genÃmico extraÃdo de clones selecionados em meio de cultura contendo canamicina. Pela visualizaÃÃo das bandas no gel de agarose, dos 19 clones selecionados de CV1887 parcial, 84% apresentaram bandas no tamanho aproximado de 2.642 pb e dos 13 clones selecionados de CV1887 completo, 78% apresentaram bandas no tamanho aproximado de 4.155 pb. Para a anÃlise da expressÃo, foram selecionados trÃs clones transformados com a seqÃÃncia CV1887 parcial, dois clones transformados com a seqÃÃncia CV1887 completa, trÃs clones transformados com o gene repÃrter gus, que codifica para a enzima β-glucoronidase, e dois clones de plantas controle nÃo transformadas. O RNA extraÃdo dos clones selecionados foi utilizado em uma reaÃÃo de RT-PCR para a sÃntese do cDNA e amplificaÃÃo das seqÃÃncias correspondentes. Os produtos da amplificaÃÃo foram analisados por meio de eletroforese em gel de agarose, constatando-se a presenÃa de bandas no tamanho aproximado de 2.642 pb para os trÃs clones transformados com a seqÃÃncia CV1887 parcial e no tamanho de 1.812 pb para os trÃs clones transformados com gus, confirmando-se a presenÃa dessas seqÃÃncias nas cÃlulas transformadas. NÃo foi confirmada a presenÃa, nos clones transformados, da seqÃÃncia CV1887 completa. / The genetic transformation of plants represents today an important tool to investigate the function of genes of diverse origins like plants, fungi, virus, nematodes and bacteria. Those that come from bacteria are the most representative ones. Within this context, sequences coding to domains containing YD (tyrosine - asparatate) repetitions, that have similarities with nematicide proteins, were detected in the Chromobacterium violaceum strain ATCC 12472 genome. Among these sequences, the ORF CV1887 (4.155 bp) was selected for cloning and expression in the heterologous system, in the attempt to validate its activity determined in silico in the C. violaceum genome's annotation. The experimental strategy consisted in cloning the complete (4.155 bp) and the partial sequence (2.642 bp) of the ORF in the binary vector pBI121. The recombinant vectors w ere introduced in Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 cells by electroporation. By utilizing agroinfection system, leaves segments of Nicotiana tabacum var. Xanthi were transformed and used as propagles for regeneration of the firsts transformants. Th e confirmation of the genetic transformation was achieved by PCR with the genomic DNA extracted from of the selected clones, followed of a PCR reaction. The visualization of bands in the agarose gel electrophoresis showed that from the 19 clones with the p artial sequence cv1887 that were selected, 84% showed bands with approximate size of 2.642 bp, and from the 13 clones with the complete sequence CV1887 that were selected, 78% showed bands with approximate size of 4.155 bp. For the expression analysis, the following were selected: three transformed clones with partial sequence CV1887, two transformed clones with complete sequence CV1887, three clones transformed with the reporter gene gus, which encodes for the enzyme b - glucoronidase, and two control clone s of non - transformed plants. The RNA from the selected clones was used in a RT - PCR reaction for cDNA synthesis and amplification of the corresponding sequences. The products of the amplification were analyzed in an agarose gel electrophoresis, showing the presence of bands with 2.642 bp for the three clones transformed with partial sequence CV1887 and 1.812 bp for the three clones transformed with gus and it is confirmed the presence of these sequences in the transformed cells. It was not confirmed the pres ence in transformed clones, the complete sequence CV1887.
2

ExpressÃo de uma proteÃna YD de Chromobacterium violaceum em sistemas heterÃlogos: potencial no controle de pragas e fungos / Expression of a Chromobacterium violaceum YD protein in heterologous systems: potential on pests and fungi control

Walderly MelgaÃo Bezerra 25 September 2008 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Chromobacterium violaceum à uma betaproteobactÃria de vida livre encontrada em regiÃes tropicais e subtropicais. C. subtsugae, bactÃria do mesmo gÃnero, possui atividade tÃxica contra insetos de diversos gÃneros. Entre os genes que podem estar envolvidos no potencial inseticida dessa bactÃria, destacam-se aqueles que codificam quitinases. Em adiÃÃo, identificou-se tambÃm no genoma de C. violaceum ATCC 12472 uma proteÃna contendo repetiÃÃes YD com potencial atividade inseticida, codificada pelo gene cv2776, similar Ãquelas produzidas por Xenorhabdus bovienii e Photorhabdus luminescens. O motivo YD compreende 20 aminoÃcidos, com sequÃncia consenso Gx3-9YxYDx2GR(L, I ou V)x3-10G (x representa qualquer aminoÃcido). A proteÃna TccC, de P. luminescens, possui 9 repetiÃÃes YD, assim como a proteÃna SepC, de Serratia entomophila. SepC, juntamente com outras duas toxinas, SepA e SepB, sÃo suficientes para causar a doenÃa âÃmbarâ em Costelytra zealandica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). No presente trabalho, a regiÃo codificadora do gene cv2776 de C. violaceum ATCC 12472 foi clonada em dois diferentes sistemas de expressÃo heterÃloga. Em Escherichia coli, o gene foi expresso sob controle do promotor araBAD, induzido por L-arabinose. A proteÃna rCV2776 foi detectada por ensaio de imunoblotting na fraÃÃo insolÃvel das cÃlulas de E. coli induzidas. A rCV2776 presente na fraÃÃo insolÃvel das cÃlulas dessa bactÃria teve efeito letal sobre larvas de Callosobruchus maculatus, diminuindo em atà 78% o nÃmero de insetos adultos emergidos, alÃm de diminuir o peso mÃdio desses insetos. AlÃm disso, a fraÃÃo celular de E. coli contendo rCV2776 mostrou-se capaz de inibir o crescimento vegetativo de trÃs fungos fitopatogÃnicos, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani e Sclerotium rolfsii. Quando incorporada no meio de cultura em uma concentraÃÃo de 1% (m/v), essa fraÃÃo causou percentuais de inibiÃÃo de crescimento do micÃlio de 38.5% (R. solani), 60.7% (M. phaseolina) e 71.1% (S. rolfsii), respectivamente. Na levedura Pichia pastoris, a regiÃo codificadora foi expressa sob controle do promotor PAOX, que à induzido na presenÃa de metanol como Ãnica fonte de carbono. Quando expressa em P. pastoris, a proteÃna recombinante foi aparentemente degradada por proteases endÃgenas, e nÃo pÃde ser detectada em anÃlises de SDS-PAGE ou Western Bloting, mesmo quando foram aplicados 8,0 mg do sobrenadante concentrado e liofilizado no gel de eletroforese. Em conclusÃo, a proteÃna rCV2776 presente na fraÃÃo insolÃvel das cÃlulas de E. coli induzidas foi efetiva em controlar a emergÃncia do caruncho do feijÃo-de-corda, bem como em retardar o crescimento de M. phaseolina e S. rolfsii / Chromobacterium violaceum is a free-living betaproteobacterium, which is found in the water and soil environments of tropical and subtropical regions. C. subtsugae, another species of the same genus, is toxic towards insects belonging to several orders. Among the genes that may be involved in the insecticidal activity displayed by these bacteria are those that encode chitinases. In addition to these chitinases, a protein containing YD repeats with potential insecticidal activity, encoded by the gene cv2776, was also identified in the genome of C. violaceum ATCC 12472. Similar proteins have also been found in the genomes of Xenorhabdus bovienii and Photorhabdus luminescens. The YD motif comprises 20 amino acids, with the consensus sequence Gx3-9YxYDx2GR(L, I or V)x3-10G, where x represents any amino acid. The protein TccC, from P. luminescens, has nine YD repeats in its sequence, as well as the protein SepC, from Serratia entomophila. SepC, along with two other toxins, SepA and SepB, are able to cause the "amber" disease in Costelytra zealandica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). In the present work, the DNA coding seuquence of the gene cv2776 of C. violaceum ATCC 12472 was cloned in two different heterologous systems. In Escherichia coli, the coding sequence was expressed under control of the promoter araBAD, induced by L-arabinose. The protein rCV2776 was detected by imunoblotting in the insoluble fraction of induced E. coli cells. The rCV2776 present in the total insoluble cell fraction caused the death of Callosobruchus maculatus larvae, reducing the number of emerged adults in 78% and also decreasing the average weight of the insects. The E. coli cell fraction containing the recombinant protein also affected the vegetative growth of the phytopatogenic fungi Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii. When the fraction containing rCV2776 was incorporated at 1.% (w/v) in the medium, the inhibition percentages of the mycelium growth were 38.5% (R. solani), 60.7% (M. phaseolina) and 71.1% (S. rolfsii). In the yeast Pichia pastoris, the coding sequence was expressed under the control of the promoter PAOX, which is induced by methanol as the sole carbon source. When expressed in P. pastoris, the recombinant protein was apparently degraded by endogenous proteases and could not be detected by SDS-PAGE or Western Blotting, even when 8 mg of protein was loaded into the gel. In conclusion, the recombinant protein CV2776 present in the insoluble fraction of induced E. coli cells was effective in controlling the emergence of the cowpea weevil, as well as slowing the growth of M. phaseolina and S. rolfsii

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