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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

An evaluation of factors impacting optimum repulping and minimum chloroform generation during sodium hypochlorite repulping

CHUNG, YOUNG HO, Mr 28 July 2003 (has links)
No description available.
2

Fragmentation of brittle polymeric toner line caused by swelling of paper substrate during immersion in water

Panek, Joel C. 01 January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
3

Disintegration of packaging material:an experimental study of approaches to lower energy consumption

Upola, H. (Heikki) 31 January 2017 (has links)
Abstract The old corrugated container (OCC) recycling process produces pulp suspension from recovered packaging material with sufficient strength and cleanliness to meet regulatory requirements for produced packaging material. Pulping is the first unit operation in the OCC recycling process and the most energy-intensive unit operation, accounting for 20–30% of the total energy used in the process, if dispersion is not used. From the viewpoint of improving the energy efficiency of the OCC recycling process, the pulping stage is an important research target. The approach of this thesis work was to experimentally study practical possibilities to decrease the energy requirements of the OCC pulping process by understanding disintegration mechanisms and pulping fundamentals. The pulping process was conceptually divided into three separate phases: wetting, bulk disintegration, and residual disintegration. The aim was to elucidate the effect of each phase on disintegration kinetics and specific energy consumption of pulping, and to discuss how those phases could be intensified to minimize energy consumption. The results suggest that forced wetting of OCC material by mechanical pressing increases the disintegration rate owing to thorough impregnation of water into the OCC material, which efficiently reduces the material’s wet strength by cutting hydrogen bonds. The method can potentially reduce the energy requirement of the pulping process by about 30%. Bulk disintegration by falling the material in high-consistency drum pulping was emulated in a specially designed device. The results reveal that the energy needed for material disintegration depends significantly on the material’s wet strength. Pulping energy consumption can be lowered in the residual disintegration phase by separating the easily disintegrated weaker materials in an early stage from the drum and continuing pulping of the remaining non-disintegrated material (Fractional pulping). This setup led to estimated energy savings of around 20%. During the thesis work, the authors developed an analysis device that photographs flakes separated from the pulp and determines flake size distribution by image analysis. The device revealed the difference between the low- and medium-consistency OCC pulping mechanisms. / Tiivistelmä Pahvin kierrätysprosessissa kerätyistä pakkausmateriaaleista valmistetaan uusiomassaa, joka käytetään uuden pahvin valmistukseen. Kierrätysprosessin ensimmäinen yksikköoperaatio on pulpperointi eli pahviraaka-aineen kuiduttaminen sulpuksi. Pulpperointi on usein koko kierrätysprosessin energiankulutukseltaan suurin yksikköprosessi, joka voi viedä jopa 20 – 30 % koko prosessin energiankulutuksesta. Tämän vuoksi pulpperoinnin energiankulutuksen pienentämiseen tähtäävä tutkimus on erittäin tärkeää. Työn tarkoituksena oli tutkia kokeellisin menetelmin mahdollisuuksia vähentää pulpperoinnin energiankulutusta. Tavoitteena oli saada ymmärrystä pulpperoinnin hajotusmekanismeista ja pulpperointiin vaikuttavista tekijöistä. Tässä työssä pulpperointi jaettiin kolmeen vaiheeseen: pahvin vettymiseen, varsinaiseen bulkkihajotukseen ja jälkihajotukseen. Tarkoituksena oli havainnollistaa jokaisen vaiheen vaikutusta materiaalin hajotuskinetiikkaan ja pulpperoinnin energiankulutukseen. Lisäksi tavoitteena oli pohtia mahdollisia tapoja tehostaa jokaista vaihetta ja näin minimoida energiankulutusta. Tulosten perusteella pahvin pakotettu kostuttaminen mekaanisella puristuksella kasvattaa hajotusnopeutta johtuen vedestä, joka kastelee materiaalin läpikotaisin. Tämä pienentää materiaalin märkälujuutta katkomalla kuitujen välisiä vetysidoksia. Menetelmän avulla pulpperoinnin energiankulutusta pystytään vähentämään jopa 30 %. Rumpupulpperin bulkkihajotusta jäljiteltiin tarkoitukseen suunnitellulla pudotuslaitteella. Tulokset paljastivat, että energiatarve materiaalin hajottamiseen on verrannollinen materiaalin märkälujuuteen. Pulpperoinnin energiankulutusta jälkihajotuksessa voidaan pienentää ns. fraktioivalla pulpperoinnilla, jossa pulpperin kuormaa kevennetään poistamalla nopeasti hajoava heikkolujuuksinen materiaali mahdollisimman aikaisin, jonka jälkeen pulpperointia jatketaan hajoamattomalla materiaalilla. Tällaisella menetelmällä voidaan parhaimmillaan säästää 20 % rumpupulpperoinnin energiankulutuksesta. Työn aikana kehiteltiin myös kuvantamiseen perustuva analyysimenetelmä, jolla voidaan analysoida hajoamattoman materiaalin kokojakaumaa. Analyysimenetelmä paljasti hajotusmekanismieron matala- ja keskisakeuspulpperoinnin välillä.
4

Analyzing components of barrier coatings in different fractions during a repulping process.

Särnholm, Evelina January 2021 (has links)
During paper manufacturing, coating and adhesives are added to paper and cardboard to improve quality and durability. When the paper is later recycled or becoming new paper, the coatings may pollute the water used in the recycling process. Thus, it is important to know in which fraction these coatings finish during the process. In this study, laboratory made samples that mimic the repulping and paper making process is used. The different fractions of the processes were analyzed for a clay as well as a polymer coating. Metal content from clay coating is analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. For analyzing polymer coating, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used. From the result of the analysis the Reject sample, which was collected with a bigger mesh sieve in a repulping system, contained the highest amount of both clay and polymer coating. The other sample fractions from the repulping process and paper making process, did not contain as high mass content of either clay nor polymer coating.

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