El pensamiento del Obsipo Maura sobre la Cuestión Social y la Democracia Cristiana ha sido fundamental para la Doctrina Social de la Iglesia y,en particular, para la Diócesis de Orihuela-Alicante. Al final del siglo XIX y principios del XX conectó con la ciencia y cultura de la época, asociándola a su educación tomista, en el tiempo que la encíclica Rerum Novarum del Papa León XIII hacía su aparición. Sus pastorales sociales y las dedicadas a la Democracia Cristiana, siendo Obispo de Orihuela, hablan de su sensibilidad social en el arduo problema de la cuestión social y su compromiso en su acción pastoral. / Bishop Maura´s thinking about the social issue the Christian democracy has been essential for the social doctrine of the Catholic church an , particularly, for the diocese of Orihuela. At the end of the nineteenth century and at the beginning of the twentieth century, he connected with the science and culture of that time, and he associated it to his Thomistic education when the encyclical Rerum Novarum from the Pope Leon XIII appeared. HIs socials pastorals and those devoted to the Christian democracy talk about his social perception in the difficult problem of the social issue and his strong commitment in the pastoral action when he was Bishop in Orihuela.

Thèse--Lille. / Bibliography: p. 334-340.

The goal of this report is to analyze what was going on about Catholic social teaching in Chile between 1891 and 1935, having as milestones the two main Encyclical about the Social Question, Rerum Novarum (1891) and Quadragesimo Anno (1931). This study will explore and analyze the lives and thoughts of four Chilean priests who were deeply concerned with the Social Question: Mariano Casanova (1833-1908), Archbishop of Santiago between 1886 and 1908; Juan Ignacio González (1844-1918), Archbishop of Santiago between 1908 and 1918; Martín Rücker (1867-1935), Bishop of Chillán between 1923 and 1935; and the Jesuit Fernando Vives (1871-1935), who, although he was never appointed to a higher level of the ecclesiastical hierarchy, had a polemical role in public opinion about the Social question that cost him two long exiles. The argument of this report is that between 1891 and 1935 the Chilean Catholic thought about the Social Question had changes and continuities. Among the first, there are the change of the focus of catholic action from charity to justice, or about the role of the State. The permanencies had to do with the traditional concept that the Catholic Church held, despite its efforts for having a more active role in the modern world. The main examples are the paternalistic attitude towards the workers and the consequent rejection of social mobility. The condition of the poor could be improved, but they always, and their children, would belong to the working class. It was a hierarchical vision of a class society. This contradiction, finally, explains why one of the main purposes of the Catholic social teaching did not succeed: stopping the spread of socialism. Even more, although it had an active goal about the Social Question, the Catholic Church could not stop secularization either. / text

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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / Este trabajo se propone analizar el tema de la propiedad comunitaria en la doctrina social de la Iglesia Católica, desde su primera Encíclica Social en 1891, la Rerum Novarum, hasta Mater et Magistra publicada en 1961. Conforme a lo anterior, se analiza el origen y evolución de las ideas que permitirían reconocer un concepto de propiedad comunitaria en la doctrina pontificia de 1891 a 1961. El tema planteado se verá a través de una revisión hermenéutica de las Encíclicas Papales Rerum Novarum (1981), Quadraggesimo Anno (1931) y Mater et Magistra (1961); fuentes originales de la doctrina social de la Iglesia Católica. Se analizan los conceptos de propiedad privada y de asociacionismo, en las Encíclicas señaladas, y consiguientemente como confluyen o evolucionan hacia una idea general de Propiedad Comunitaria. También se analizarán tópicos tales como la relación entre el trabajo humano y la propiedad privada; el Estado y la propiedad privada; El Estado y las asociaciones; principios comunitarios y otros. Las conclusiones nos muestran que el anterior, no es un concepto nítido desde los inicios de la Doctrina Social Católica, sino que este se habría ido formando a consecuencia del desarrollo del pensamiento corporativista católico. Precisamente se han estudiado las temáticas de la propiedad privada y del asociacionismo, en cuanto son conceptos desde los cuales se habría ido desarrollando la idea de propiedad (empresa) comunitaria