Submitted by LUCIANA NEVES CARVALHO (lucial_carvalho@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-11-18T18:31:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TCC 18.11 com ficha catalográfica.pdf: 1795687 bytes, checksum: 86f32ed2f396632c9317b9c7db2d52ff (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Fabiana da Silva Segura (fabiana.segura@fgv.br) on 2016-11-18T20:50:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TCC 18.11 com ficha catalográfica.pdf: 1795687 bytes, checksum: 86f32ed2f396632c9317b9c7db2d52ff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-21T12:14:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TCC 18.11 com ficha catalográfica.pdf: 1795687 bytes, checksum: 86f32ed2f396632c9317b9c7db2d52ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-26 / The agrarian activity has been playing a major role in Brazil's economic growth for many years and as a consequence the country is one of the largest exporters of agricultural products. The National Agricultural Research System (NARS) is an important instrument that contributes to the positive result; however, it is currently fragile due to absence of coordination and cooperation between the actors, in addition to the reduction of resources. In this context the Centre for Strategic Studies and Management (CGEE) has proposed an alternative arrangement for agricultural research which includes a platform organization that will enable articulation, alignment and synergy between the actors involved in the agricultural research process and innovation in the Country in the medium and long term. The objective of this study was to present a proposal to be implemented, in the short term, in order to achieve the model formulated by the CGEE. A case study on the NARS was performed through a brief theoretical review of concepts relevant to the needs of analysis of the System. The main events of the NARS trajectory that occurred between 1972 and 2015 were described in order to understand its functioning and dynamics. The analysis of the System was conducted through articles, books and theses review and, in particular, through interviews conducted with different actors representing the System: academics, managers and contributors of the State Agricultural Research Organizations (OEPAs), leaders of representative councils, public officials and representatives of the private sector. We found that, in order to be possible in the short term, an institution that held a major role in the NARS should implement the model, and that already had legal, technical and operational capacity mechanisms required to validate and implement the new model. There was also the need for institutional and organizational innovations of the System, especially to meet the producers and society demands. Ultimately, one of the most relevant findings is that the effectiveness of the new arrangement will only occur if the involved institutions and actors recognize each other as co-authors, be proactive and realize their roles and responsibilities. / A agropecuária há muitos anos vem desempenhando um papel de grande relevância para o crescimento econômico brasileiro, possibilitando ao país ser um dos maiores exportadores mundiais de produtos agrícolas. Uma importante estrutura que contribui para este resultado positivo é o Sistema Nacional de Pesquisa Agropecuária (SNPA), que atualmente se encontra fragilizado devido à falta de coordenação e cooperação entre os atores, além da redução de recursos. Neste contexto, o Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos (CGEE), propôs uma alternativa de arranjo para a pesquisa agropecuária, que compreende a estruturação, no médio e longo prazo, de uma plataforma, que possibilitará a articulação, alinhamento e sinergia entre os atores envolvidos no processo de pesquisa e inovação para a agricultura do País. Este trabalho objetiva apresentar uma proposta de implementação, no curto prazo, para se alcançar o modelo formulado pelo CGEE. Realizamos um estudo de caso sobre o SNPA, por meio de uma breve revisão bibliográfica de conceitos pertinentes às necessidades de análise do Sistema. Descrevemos os principais eventos da trajetória do SNPA ocorridos entre 1972 e 2015 para entender seu funcionamento e sua dinâmica. A análise do Sistema foi realizada por meio do estudo de artigos, livros e teses sobre o caso e, em especial, por meio das entrevistas efetuadas com diferentes atores que representam o Sistema: acadêmicos, dirigentes e colaboradores das Organizações Estaduais de Pesquisa Agropecuária (OEPAs), dirigentes dos conselhos de representação, gestores públicos e representantes do setor privado. Constatamos que a implementação do modelo, para ser factível no curto prazo, deveria ser realizada por uma instituição que ocupasse papel preponderante no SNPA e que já dispusesse de mecanismos legais e de capacidade técnico-operacional necessários à validação e à execução do novo modelo. Foi possível identificar também a necessidade de inovações institucionais e organizacionais do Sistema, principalmente para atender às demandas dos produtores e da sociedade. Por fim, uma das mais relevantes constatações é a de que: a efetividade do novo arranjo só ocorrerá se as instituições e atores envolvidos se reconhecerem como coautores, tiverem proatividade e perceberem seu papel e suas responsabilidades.

Vor dem Hintergrund zahlreicher Digitalisierungsinitiativen befinden sich weite Teile der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften derzeit in einer Transition hin zur großflächigen Anwendung digitaler Methoden. Zwischen den Fachdisziplinen und der Informatik zeigen sich große Differenzen in der Methodik und bei der gemeinsamen Kommunikation. Diese durch interdisziplinäre Projektarbeit zu überbrücken, ist das zentrale Anliegen der sogenannten e-Humanities. Da Text der häufigste Untersuchungsgegenstand in diesem Feld ist, wurden bereits viele Verfahren des Text Mining auf Problemstellungen der Fächer angepasst und angewendet. Während sich langsam generelle Arbeitsabläufe und Best Practices etablieren, zeigt sich, dass generische Lösungen für spezifische Teilprobleme oftmals nicht geeignet sind. Um für diese Anwendungsfälle maßgeschneiderte digitale Werkzeuge erstellen zu können, ist eines der Kernprobleme die adäquate digitale Repräsentation von Text sowie seinen vielen Kontexten und Bezügen. In dieser Arbeit wird eine neue Form der Textrepräsentation vorgestellt, die auf Property-Graph-Datenbanken beruht – einer aktuellen Technologie für die Speicherung und Abfrage hochverknüpfter Daten. Darauf aufbauend wird das Textrecherchesystem „Kadmos“ vorgestellt, mit welchem nutzerdefinierte asynchrone Webservices erstellt werden können. Es bietet flexible Möglichkeiten zur Erweiterung des Datenmodells und der Programmfunktionalität und kann Textsammlungen mit mehreren hundert Millionen Wörtern auf einzelnen Rechnern und weitaus größere in Rechnerclustern speichern. Es wird gezeigt, wie verschiedene Text-Mining-Verfahren über diese Graphrepräsentation realisiert und an sie angepasst werden können. Die feine Granularität der Zugriffsebene erlaubt die Erstellung passender Werkzeuge für spezifische fachwissenschaftliche Anwendungen. Zusätzlich wird demonstriert, wie die graphbasierte Modellierung auch über die rein textorientierte Forschung hinaus gewinnbringend eingesetzt werden kann. / In light of the recent massive digitization efforts, most of the humanities disciplines are currently undergoing a fundamental transition towards the widespread application of digital methods. In between those traditional scholarly fields and computer science exists a methodological and communicational gap, that the so-called \\\"e-Humanities\\\" aim to bridge systematically, via interdisciplinary project work. With text being the most common object of study in this field, many approaches from the area of Text Mining have been adapted to problems of the disciplines. While common workflows and best practices slowly emerge, it is evident that generic solutions are no ultimate fit for many specific application scenarios. To be able to create custom-tailored digital tools, one of the central issues is to digitally represent the text, as well as its many contexts and related objects of interest in an adequate manner. This thesis introduces a novel form of text representation that is based on Property Graph databases – an emerging technology that is used to store and query highly interconnected data sets. Based on this modeling paradigm, a new text research system called \\\"Kadmos\\\" is introduced. It provides user-definable asynchronous web services and is built to allow for a flexible extension of the data model and system functionality within a prototype-driven development process. With Kadmos it is possible to easily scale up to text collections containing hundreds of millions of words on a single device and even further when using a machine cluster. It is shown how various methods of Text Mining can be implemented with and adapted for the graph representation at a very fine granularity level, allowing the creation of fitting digital tools for different aspects of scholarly work. In extended usage scenarios it is demonstrated how the graph-based modeling of domain data can be beneficial even in research scenarios that go beyond a purely text-based study.