D.Ing. / Due to continuous research there is a large variety of new source and channel coding technologies which are constantly being introduced and refined. This study presents a new approach that enables one to use enumerative source coding on variable length codewords. The technique introduced are shown to provide an effective and fast decoder. The encoding process depends on the code used and its qualities. This new technique is illustrated by applying it to Huffman source coding. As a result, an efficient and fast Huffman decoder was constructed. The new decoder also resulted in small codebook representations. An efficient source coding mechanism, must be complemented by a channel and error correction coding mechanism which is just as efficient to ensure an optimal communication channel. We conclude this study by investigating channel and constrained coding. We know that the implementation of error correction and detection codes, like Reed-Solomon codes, are resource intensive with longer codewords. This problem is circumvented by the introduction of an alternative channel architecture. In this new architecture, a channel code is applied to the source data before an error correction code is applied to the channel data. For long codewords in the channel code, this new approach is shown to be equal or superior to block and sliding window codes. This new approach is block based, but unlike block codes, usable in most types of channels.

D.Litt. et Phil. / Technikon SA has a high attrition rate, which seems to indicate that students are not ready for distance education and that firsttime students at Technikon SA are of a lower educational quality than such students at other technikons. The purpose of this study was therefore to predict which students are not ready for formal enrolment in distance higher education, thereby avoiding a potentially negative situation by identifying those prospective students who could benefit from support programmes. Methods followed This study, which makes use of the Kember Model of student attrition in distance higher education, investigates the extent to which different students, who can potentially be differentiated according to 15 biographical characteristics, are close to or far from academic success. The assumption is made that the identified eight different academic performance groups are more or less ready for technikon distance education. Approximately 13 590 TSA students' registration records and academic performance were investigated over a period of four years and was used to assign the students to one of the eight academic performance groups. The collected data was analysed by using CHAID-analysis as well as correspondence analysis. Results The research question/hypothesis for this study is as follows: Certain cognitive variables (previous academic performance) iii and non-cognitive variables (biographical and other typifying student characteristics) are satisfactorily better than others at distinguishing between the different distance educationready groups of Technikon SA students. The results appear to indicate that at least 9 of the 15 variables are able to distinguish between academic performance groups and to predict academic performance. The variables supporting this research statement are placed in order of increasing importance: Study group formation, work status, value of senior certificate, age group, marital status, previous activities, value of last school examination symbols and cultural group formation. It would appear that these variables assist in defining the term "distance education readiness" by helping to identify the students that are in this way predisposed to it. Generally, it would appear that older white married female students are academically more successful than the other groups, while black unemployed female students are academically least successful. This may be partially explained by the large differences in the educational opportunities and socioeconomic backgrounds of people in South Africa. However, this study was unsuccessful in providing a clear picture of how to identify those students

M.A. / In this project the researcher explores, analyses and interprets the narratives of seven women who have recovered from anorexia and/or bulimia. The investigation is conveyed from the sufferers' point of view, an approach suggestive of a qualitative inquiry, and is formulated within a qualitative theoretical and methodological framework. Linear approaches like the medical model, that endorse a pathological view of mental and emotional problems, are challenged for contributing to the notion of a defect model of mental illness. The dominant view that psychological and emotional problems like physical illnesses should be treated and eradicated, is contextualised within the framework of a defect model of mental illness. The researcher proposes that this position disempowers the recipients of therapy, can become a self fulfilling prophecy, and ultimately furthers the argument that emotionally disturbed people are sick. Concepts from systems theory such as homeostasis and dialectic thinking, are cited to illustrate the rationale behind the notion of a `competency' model of mental illness. The continuance of either anorexic or bulimic behavior is seen as playing a central role in the maintenance of an equilibrium (albeit a painful one) in the sufferer's personal and family system - thus serving a purpose. The researcher subsequently proposes that it can be beneficial to view an eating disorder as a milestone, where from much good can be derived.

M.A. (Counselling Psychology) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

M. Ed. (Educational Psychology) / It is often found that children entering the secondary school phase have not mastered sufficient study habits. This may be one of the reasons why pupils, who appear to have the ability to do well, do not live up to these expectations. It, therefore, seems essential for these children to be orientated as soon as possible, even at a standard five level, towards acquiring study habits. This will lead to their having established study habits which in turn, should help them to face the near demands experienced at secondary school. This study has been undertaken to investigate the study habits of standard five pupils with the aid of a self deviced questionnaire in respect of study habits...

D.Litt. et Phil. (Psychology) / Chronic pain affects 11%of the adult population and acute pain affects a further 5% at any given time, (France, & Krishnan, 1988). An estimated 65 000 people in the United States of America suffer from permanent disabilities caused from back injuries alone. 1% of the population is considered to be totally disabled from chronic pain annually, (Mayer, Gatchell, Mayer, Kishino, & Mooney, 1987). "Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage" (LA.S.P. Subcommittee on Taxonomy, Pain Terms; A list of definitions and notes on usage. In Pain, Q(1979), 24,2 - 252). Persistent pain is one of the most frequently presented complaints seen in a medical setting, yet is one of the most difficult symptoms to treat because of the etiologies and individualised responses to pain - Successful intervention generally leads to resolution of the pain complaint, however in some cases, the pain continues. It is ironic that in an age of advanced medical technology, success often hinges on the relief of a symptom which cannot really be measured, seen, percussed or palpated. In order for this to be possible, a comprehensive understanding of pain as seen from all perspectives and theories available must be investigated and presented. The concept of pain and its puzzling phenomenology has been recognised since antiquity.

A project report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering. / The purpose of the investigation contained in this project report was to identify what methods of value capture exist and what conditons would favour their use in the transportation field in South Afdca. The investigation was motivated by a need to identify new ways of generating revenues for transport projects since traditional sources are being depleted or used for other purposes. A review of international literature on value capture identified fourteen techniques which may be used. These techniques were grouped under three headings - property-related charges, joint ventures and merchandising approaches. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique as described in the literature are outlined. Examples of where these techniques have been used around the world are also given and the current situation in south Africa with regard to value capture is presented. A survey of transportation professionals in the public and private sectors in South Africa regarding the identified value capture techniques showed that joint development, the lease or sale of development rights and advertising space and the use of concessions were the most favoured techniques. Tax increment financing. special benefit assessments and employer wage-bill levies were the least favoured. The survey also provided brief descriptions of some past value capture applications in South Africa in the transport sector whilst, accorddng to the survey respondents, future applications will most likely occur in association with the provision of public transport facilities. The main conclusions drawn from the investigation are that value capture must be seen as an essential component in the process of integrating transport and land use; that the involvement of the private sector in value capture exercises is vital and that public authorities will need to revise their role with regard to the delivery of transport facilities if the number of value capture applications is to grow. Additional conclusions offer some guidelines to help further the implementation of value capture in the transportation field in South Africa. / Andrew Chakane 2018

M.A. / Prisons in the South African context are considered to be places of correction for deviant individuals. The perception of the functioning of a correctional space is the correction of a particular type of functioning and the construction of another. One of the underlying assumptions of a penal system is the notion of a subject who is able to undergo a process of normalisation. This dissertation is directed towards the exploration of a different type of space that has been created within the correctional system at the Diepkloof Prison. It will be suggested herein that creative workshops, run within the prison by an outside facilitator, have succeeded in subverting the normalising discourse of the penal system, and have helped to facilitate a different type of healing experience within the confines of the institutional space. In order to place the discussion of the workshopping process within a sound theoretical framework, various theoretical questions regarding the shift from modernist to postmodern psychology are explored in some depth. It will be argued that the ideas emerging from social constructionist and narrative psychology, deconstructionist notions of language and subjectivity, as well as post-structuralist ideas on disciplinary power, offer a theoretical framework from within which to understand the healing process that occurs in the workshops themselves.

The effects of seawater inflows and macrophyte beds on community metabolism and phosphorus dynamics in the seasonally-closed Swartvlei estuary were investigated. Metabolic rates were determined by diurnal oxygen curve analysis. Gross primary production ranged from 0,7 to 14,9 g 0₂ m⁻² day⁻¹, and respiration from 0,9 to 25,2 g 0₂ m⁻² day⁻¹. The highest production rates were recorded inside the dense beds of Zostera capens is Setchell (x- = 7,8 g 0₂ m⁻² day⁻¹ ). Metabolism was positively correlated to submersed macrophyte cover, and decreased upstream of the mouth region. No seasonal variation in gross production could be detected, and mouth closure had no detectable effect on metabolic rates. Growth of the green alga Enteromorpha sp. in winter, and the effect of decay of this alga on dissolved oxygen, total inorganic carbon and total dissolved phosphorus in the water column is discussed. High day-time respiration values, measured in a darkened polythene enclosure, indicate that photorespiration occurs in Zostera. Apparently the annual amount of oxygen respired throughout the estuary exceeded that produced by 2 7100 tonnes, i.e. the estuary was heterotrophic. This is discussed in relation to the effectiveness of the diurnal curve method as a way of measuring metabolic rates, and to the possibility of organic matter input via river inflows. There is a net gain of up to 17,4 kg of particulate phosphorus over mean tides. Diurnal phosphorus studies indicate that Zostera releases phosphate into the water column in the light. Enteromorpha takes up phosphate in the morning, which it appears to release over the rest of the day. The cycling of phosphorus between seawater, sediments, macrophytes and the water column is discussed.

M.A. / Development administrators in the Third World, whether attached to Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) or Third World governments, face the same kind of problems. Considering the high failure rate of "development" in Third World countries, the major challenge is to implement development programmes effectively. Development in the Third World is highly complex due to a vast variety of regional variations in terms of historical, economic and political factors, and diverse cultures and traditions, etcetera, crammed together in states that were initiated and demarcated by the previous colonial powers of the Western world. Implementing Western development policies successfully in the Third World without taking the above diversity into consideration has detrimental and stagnating results. This study highlights some causes, elements and the consequences of inertia. The purpose is to make administrators, organizations and governments aware of the negative effect of this phenomenon. A literary review indicates that inertia exists virtually in all development circumstances, and if inertia is ignored, it will inhibit the effective and efficient implementation of development programmmes. This finding is substantiated by the experiences of the Reconstruction and Development Program (RDP), indicated in case studies from the Northern Province of South Africa. These case studies revealed certain elements of inertia that not only delay the execution of RDP projects, but also underline the nature of financial burdens as a result thereof. Furthermore, the different types of pathology in the Third World, such as the patrimonial state and Sultanism, create a situation full of loopholes allowing inertia to take its toll. The impact of these "types" of government is highlighted by the excessive centralization of decision-making, the sheer size of the civil services as well as the obsession of political leaders in the Third World to obtain power and self-enrichment. Inertia is like an octopus that spreads its tentacles to all spheres of civil service operations and has a detrimental impact on the effective implementation of development projects. The operation of civil services in the Third World not only delays the processing of development policies, but has a negative impact on the attitude of civil servants as well. The findings are substantiated by the consequences of the rigid rules and regulations in the civil service as well as the inadequacy of civil servants to operate efficiently. The implementation of the recommendations of this study to eliminate inertia calls for a review of development strategies used by developers in order to successfully address the highlighted practical problems of implementation.