O estudo de arenitos, calcarenitos e arenitos híbridos do Cretáceo Inferior (Neo-Aptiano ao Meso-Albiano) da Bacia de Jequitinhonha, margem leste Brasileira, compreendendo depósitos continentais fluvio-deltaicos a lacustres da fase rifte, e fluvio-deltaicos costeiros e de plataforma mista siliciclástico-carbonática da fase transicional a drifte, demonstra que a distribuição das alterações diagenéticas e correspondente evolução da qualidade de reservatório podem ser preditas dentro de um contexto de estratigrafia de seqüências. Dados de poços (descrições de testemunhos e perfis elétricos), descrição petrográfica de laminas delgadas, e análises petrofísicas de porosidade e permeabilidade, foram integrados de modo a identificar e avaliar os aspectos genéticos dos parâmetros que controlam os padrões diagenéticos, e, por conseguinte, a qualidade de reservatório dos intervalos estudados. Os resultados desse estudo são relevantes para a exploração de bacias de margem passiva do tipo Atlântico. Foi demonstrada a influëncia de fatores deposicionais (i.e fácies sedimentares) e composição detrítica original (i.e. proveniência) na evolução diagenética, permitindo estimar e predizer a distribuição da qualidade e heterogeneidade de reservatório dos intervalos estudados. A integração dos dados e posterior avaliação da qualidade de reservatório desenvolvida nesse estudo foi baseada no conceito de petrofácies de reservatório, o qual consiste no agrupamento de amostras com base nos principais atributos responsáveis pela qualidade de reservatório, tais como composição primária, estruturas deposicionais, granulometria, seleção, alterações diagenéticas mais influentes na redução ou preservação da porosidade e permeabilidade originais, tipos e distribuição de poros, etc.. Essa dissertação demonstra que o conceito de petrofácies de reservatório que permite o reconhecimento sistemático dos atributos petrográficos que controlam as características (i.e. assinaturas) petrofísicas e geofísicas, bem como a redução dos riscos exploratórios. / A study of the fluvial, deltaic, and shallow-marine siliciclastic sandstones, calcarenites and hybrid arenites of Lower Cretaceous (Late Aptian to Early Albian) rift to early drift phase from the Jequitinhonha Basin, eastern Brazilian margin, reveals that the distribution of diagenetic alterations and of related reservoir quality evolution can be constrained within a sequence stratigraphic framework. Description of cores, wireline logs, thin sections, and petrophysical porosity and permeability analyses were integrated in order to unravel the genetic aspects that controlled the complex patterns of diagenesis of these rocks, and hence their reservoir quality evolution. The results of this study are relevant to the exploration of rift and an early drift phase of Atlantic-type passive margin basins, and demonstrate the influence of depositional factors such as sedimentary facies and detrital composition (provenance) on diagenetic and reservoir evolution, with application to the prediction of reservoir quality and heterogeneity during exploration. The data integration and reservoir quality assessment performed in this paper was accomplished using the concept of reservoir petrofacies, defined by the combination of the main attributes affecting the quality of petroleum reservoirs (such as depositional structures, textures, composition, diagenetic processes and products, pore types and distribution, etc.). This paper demonstrate that the reservoir petrofacies concept is a tool for the systematic recognition of the petrographic attributes that control the petrophysical and geophysical properties, as well as the practical use of this approach in reducing exploration risks.

O estudo de arenitos, calcarenitos e arenitos híbridos do Cretáceo Inferior (Neo-Aptiano ao Meso-Albiano) da Bacia de Jequitinhonha, margem leste Brasileira, compreendendo depósitos continentais fluvio-deltaicos a lacustres da fase rifte, e fluvio-deltaicos costeiros e de plataforma mista siliciclástico-carbonática da fase transicional a drifte, demonstra que a distribuição das alterações diagenéticas e correspondente evolução da qualidade de reservatório podem ser preditas dentro de um contexto de estratigrafia de seqüências. Dados de poços (descrições de testemunhos e perfis elétricos), descrição petrográfica de laminas delgadas, e análises petrofísicas de porosidade e permeabilidade, foram integrados de modo a identificar e avaliar os aspectos genéticos dos parâmetros que controlam os padrões diagenéticos, e, por conseguinte, a qualidade de reservatório dos intervalos estudados. Os resultados desse estudo são relevantes para a exploração de bacias de margem passiva do tipo Atlântico. Foi demonstrada a influëncia de fatores deposicionais (i.e fácies sedimentares) e composição detrítica original (i.e. proveniência) na evolução diagenética, permitindo estimar e predizer a distribuição da qualidade e heterogeneidade de reservatório dos intervalos estudados. A integração dos dados e posterior avaliação da qualidade de reservatório desenvolvida nesse estudo foi baseada no conceito de petrofácies de reservatório, o qual consiste no agrupamento de amostras com base nos principais atributos responsáveis pela qualidade de reservatório, tais como composição primária, estruturas deposicionais, granulometria, seleção, alterações diagenéticas mais influentes na redução ou preservação da porosidade e permeabilidade originais, tipos e distribuição de poros, etc.. Essa dissertação demonstra que o conceito de petrofácies de reservatório que permite o reconhecimento sistemático dos atributos petrográficos que controlam as características (i.e. assinaturas) petrofísicas e geofísicas, bem como a redução dos riscos exploratórios. / A study of the fluvial, deltaic, and shallow-marine siliciclastic sandstones, calcarenites and hybrid arenites of Lower Cretaceous (Late Aptian to Early Albian) rift to early drift phase from the Jequitinhonha Basin, eastern Brazilian margin, reveals that the distribution of diagenetic alterations and of related reservoir quality evolution can be constrained within a sequence stratigraphic framework. Description of cores, wireline logs, thin sections, and petrophysical porosity and permeability analyses were integrated in order to unravel the genetic aspects that controlled the complex patterns of diagenesis of these rocks, and hence their reservoir quality evolution. The results of this study are relevant to the exploration of rift and an early drift phase of Atlantic-type passive margin basins, and demonstrate the influence of depositional factors such as sedimentary facies and detrital composition (provenance) on diagenetic and reservoir evolution, with application to the prediction of reservoir quality and heterogeneity during exploration. The data integration and reservoir quality assessment performed in this paper was accomplished using the concept of reservoir petrofacies, defined by the combination of the main attributes affecting the quality of petroleum reservoirs (such as depositional structures, textures, composition, diagenetic processes and products, pore types and distribution, etc.). This paper demonstrate that the reservoir petrofacies concept is a tool for the systematic recognition of the petrographic attributes that control the petrophysical and geophysical properties, as well as the practical use of this approach in reducing exploration risks.

O estudo de arenitos, calcarenitos e arenitos híbridos do Cretáceo Inferior (Neo-Aptiano ao Meso-Albiano) da Bacia de Jequitinhonha, margem leste Brasileira, compreendendo depósitos continentais fluvio-deltaicos a lacustres da fase rifte, e fluvio-deltaicos costeiros e de plataforma mista siliciclástico-carbonática da fase transicional a drifte, demonstra que a distribuição das alterações diagenéticas e correspondente evolução da qualidade de reservatório podem ser preditas dentro de um contexto de estratigrafia de seqüências. Dados de poços (descrições de testemunhos e perfis elétricos), descrição petrográfica de laminas delgadas, e análises petrofísicas de porosidade e permeabilidade, foram integrados de modo a identificar e avaliar os aspectos genéticos dos parâmetros que controlam os padrões diagenéticos, e, por conseguinte, a qualidade de reservatório dos intervalos estudados. Os resultados desse estudo são relevantes para a exploração de bacias de margem passiva do tipo Atlântico. Foi demonstrada a influëncia de fatores deposicionais (i.e fácies sedimentares) e composição detrítica original (i.e. proveniência) na evolução diagenética, permitindo estimar e predizer a distribuição da qualidade e heterogeneidade de reservatório dos intervalos estudados. A integração dos dados e posterior avaliação da qualidade de reservatório desenvolvida nesse estudo foi baseada no conceito de petrofácies de reservatório, o qual consiste no agrupamento de amostras com base nos principais atributos responsáveis pela qualidade de reservatório, tais como composição primária, estruturas deposicionais, granulometria, seleção, alterações diagenéticas mais influentes na redução ou preservação da porosidade e permeabilidade originais, tipos e distribuição de poros, etc.. Essa dissertação demonstra que o conceito de petrofácies de reservatório que permite o reconhecimento sistemático dos atributos petrográficos que controlam as características (i.e. assinaturas) petrofísicas e geofísicas, bem como a redução dos riscos exploratórios. / A study of the fluvial, deltaic, and shallow-marine siliciclastic sandstones, calcarenites and hybrid arenites of Lower Cretaceous (Late Aptian to Early Albian) rift to early drift phase from the Jequitinhonha Basin, eastern Brazilian margin, reveals that the distribution of diagenetic alterations and of related reservoir quality evolution can be constrained within a sequence stratigraphic framework. Description of cores, wireline logs, thin sections, and petrophysical porosity and permeability analyses were integrated in order to unravel the genetic aspects that controlled the complex patterns of diagenesis of these rocks, and hence their reservoir quality evolution. The results of this study are relevant to the exploration of rift and an early drift phase of Atlantic-type passive margin basins, and demonstrate the influence of depositional factors such as sedimentary facies and detrital composition (provenance) on diagenetic and reservoir evolution, with application to the prediction of reservoir quality and heterogeneity during exploration. The data integration and reservoir quality assessment performed in this paper was accomplished using the concept of reservoir petrofacies, defined by the combination of the main attributes affecting the quality of petroleum reservoirs (such as depositional structures, textures, composition, diagenetic processes and products, pore types and distribution, etc.). This paper demonstrate that the reservoir petrofacies concept is a tool for the systematic recognition of the petrographic attributes that control the petrophysical and geophysical properties, as well as the practical use of this approach in reducing exploration risks.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The use of integrated approach to evaluate the quality of reservoir rocks is increasingly becoming vital in petroleum geoscience. This approach was employed to unravel the reason for the erratic reservoir quality of sandstones of the F-O gas field with the aim of predicting reservoir quality, evaluate the samples for presence, distribution and character of hydrocarbon inclusions so as to gain a better understanding of the fluid history. Information on the chemical conditions of diagenetic processes is commonly preserved in aqueous and oil fluid inclusion occurring in petroleum reservoir cements. Diagenesis plays a vital role in preserving, creating, or destroying porosity and permeability, while the awareness of the type of trap(s) prior to drilling serves as input for appropriate drilling designs. Thus an in-depth understanding of diagenetic histories and trap mechanisms of potential reservoirs are of paramount interest during exploration stage.This research work focused on the F-O tract located in the eastern part of Block 9 on the north-eastern flank of the Bredasdorp Basin, a sub-basin of Outeniqua Basin on the southern continental shelf, offshore South Africa. The Bredasdorp Basin experienced an onset of rifting during the Middle-Late Jurassic as a result of dextral trans-tensional stress produced by the breakup of Gondwanaland that occurred in the east of the Falkland Plateau and the Mozambique Ridge. This phenomenon initiated a normal faulting, north of the Agulhas-Falkland fracture zone followed by a widespread uplift of major bounding arches within the horst blocks in the region that enhanced an erosion of lower Valanginian drift to onset second order unconformity.This study considered 52 selected reservoir core samples from six wells(F-O1, F-O2, F-O3, F-O4, F-R1 and F-S1) in the F-O field of Bredasdorp Basin with attention on the Valanginian age sandstone. An integrated approach incorporating detailed core descriptions, wireline log analysis (using Interactive petrophysics), structural interpretation from 2D seismic lines (using SMT software) cutting across all the six wells, multi-mineral (thin section, SEM,XRD) analyses, geochemical (immobile fluid and XRF) and fluid inclusion(fluid inclusion petrography and bulk volatile) analyses were deployed for the execution of this study. Core description revealed six facies from the six wells grading from pure shale (Facies 1), through progressively coarsening interbedded sand-shale “heterolithic facies (Facies 2 - 4), to cross bedded and minor massive sandstone (Facies 5 - 6). Sedimentary structures and mineral patches varies from well to well with bioturbation, synaeresis crack, echinoid fragments, fossil burrow, foreset mudrapes, glauconite and siderite as the main observed features. All these indicate that the Valanginian reservoir section in the studied wells was deposited in the upper shallow marine settings. A combination of wireline logs were used to delineate the reservoir zone prior to core description. The principal reservoirs are tight, highly faulted Valanginian shallow-marine sandstones beneath the drift-onset unconformity, 1At1 and were deposited as an extensive sandstone “sheet” within a tidal setting. The top and base of the reservoir are defined by the 13At1 and 1At1 seismic events,respectively. This heterogeneous reservoir sandstones present low-fair porosity of between 2 to 18 % and a low-fair permeability value greater than 0.1 to 10 mD. The evolution of the F-O field was found to be controlled by extensional events owing to series of interpreted listric normal faults and rifting or graben generated possibly by the opening of the Atlantic. The field is on a well-defined structural high at the level of the regional drift-onset unconformity, 1At1.Multi-mineral analysis reveals the presence of quartz and kaolinite as the major porosity and permeability constraint respectively along with micaceous phases. The distribution of quartz and feldspar overgrowth and crystals vary from formation to formation and from bed to bed within the same structure. The increase in temperature that led to kaolinite formation could have triggered the low-porosity observed. Three types of kaolinite were recognized in the sandstone, (1) kaolinite growing in between expanded mica flakes; (2)vermiform kaolinite; and (3) euhedral kaolinite crystals forming matrix.Compositional study of the upper shallow marine sandstones in the Valanginian age indicates that the sandstones are geochemically classified as majorly litharenite having few F-O2 samples as subarkose with all F-O1 samples classified as sub-litharenite sandstone.Most of the studied wells are more of wet gas, characterized by strong response of C2 – C5 with F-O1 well showing more of gas condensate with oil shows (C7 – C11) based on the number of carbon atom present. In some cases,sulphur species (characterized by the presence of H2S, S2, CS2 and SO2) of probably thermal origin were identified while some log signatures revealed aromatic enriched sandstones possibly detecting nearby gas charges. The studied wells in the F-O field, based on fluid inclusion bulk volatile analysis are classified as gas discoveries except for F-O1 with gas condensate and oil shows.The integration of multi-mineral results and fluid inclusion studies show a dead oil stain with no visible liquid petroleum inclusion in the samples indicating the presence of quartz, kaolinite and stylolite as a major poro-perm constraint.