Orientador: Giorgio Basilici / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica e Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T04:13:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MorettiJunior_PauloAugusto_M.pdf: 5701785 bytes, checksum: d478ca8c79173f62ad9807c930cc0332 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Esta dissertação consiste no estudo sedimentológico e paleodeposicional de quatro unidades litoestratigráficas da Pré-Cordilheira Argentina, depositadas durante o Ordoviciano: Formação Portezuelo del Tontal (FPT), Formação Sierra de La Invernada (FSI), Formação Gualcamayo (FG) e Formação Los Azules (FLA). A FG e a FLA são caracterizadas por lamitos e margas depositados por decantação. A FPT é constituída por uma alternância entre arenitos finos a muito finos e lamitos. Os arenitos são frequentemente bipartidos: a porção basal, de granulometria areia média a fina, é espessa e maciça, apresentando intraclastos lamosos, tapetes de tração. A porção superior possui granulometria mais fina e é menos espessa, com laminação cruzada truncante anisotrópica (anysotropic hummocky cross stratification). Os arenitos são interpretados como gerados por fluxos gravitacionais influenciados por tempestades. A presença de laminação cruzada truncante na parte superior das camadas demonstram que a sedimentação ocorreu acima do nível de ondas de tempestades e que um fluxo gravitacional se desenvolveu concomitantemente às tempestades. A FSI é caracterizada por arenitos muito finos com laminação truncante anisotrópica intercalada com lamitos arenosos produzidos por correntes de turbidez muito diluídas e por decantação. A FSI apresenta abundantes icnofósseis, o que indica uma atividade biológica bentônica ativa. O sistema deposicional da FPT e da FSI é uma plataforma dominada por atividade de tempestades. A parte superior da FSI e a FPT são litologicamente semelhantes e ambas apresentam direções de paleocorrentes de norte para sul, o que evidencia que eram parte de uma mesma bacia. Os arenitos mais grossos e espessos, representados pelos depósitos da FPT, teriam passado por ambientes mais rasos (FSI) e se depositado em áreas mais profundas (FPT). Os depósitos arenosos muito finos gerados por tempestades são característicos de áreas mais rasas e proximais (FSI). A margem ocidental do Gondwana, durante o Meso e Neo-Ordoviciano, foi uma plataforma siliciclástica dominada por tempestades, com aprofundamento para sul localizada em uma bacia do tipo antepaís. / Abstract: This work consists in the study of sedimentological and paleodepositional features of four Ordovician lithostratigraphic units of the Precordillera Argentina: Portezuelo del Tontal Formation (PTF), Sierra de La Invernada Formation (SIF), Gualcamayo Formation (GF) and Los Azules Formation (LAF). The PTF is represented by alternating fine- to very fine grained sandstone and shale. Most sandstone strata are bipartite: a thicker lower part, medium to mediumfine grained size, massive, showing buoyant muddy clasts or traction carpet, and a thinner upper part, very fine in grain size, with anisotropic hummocky cross-stratifications. The sandstone is interpreted as gravitational flow generated by and combined with storms. The presence of anisotropic hummocky cross-stratification in the upper part of the strata testifies that the sedimentation occurred above the storm wave base and that the gravitational flow developed contemporaneously to the storm activity. The SIF is characterized by very fine-grained sandstone showing anisotropic hummocky cross stratifications, alternated with sandy pelite showing thin sandstone beds produced by low-density turbidity currents. The SIF is rich in ichnofossils, testifying a high biological benthic activity. The LAF and GF are characterized by shale and marl facies deposited mainly by settling. The depositional system of the PTF and SIF is dominated by storm activity. The transition of the upper part of the SIF to lithologies similar to PTF and analogous paleocurrent directions, from north to south, suggests that both formations take part of the same depositional basin. The thicker and coarser sandstones, represented by the PTF deposits, bypassed shallower areas (SIF) and deposited in deeper areas (FPT). Very fine storm generated sandy deposits in SIF were characterized by shallower and proximal areas. The western margin of the Gondwana in the middle-late Ordovician was characterized by storm-dominated siliciclastic shelf deposits in a foreland basin. The margin showed a progressive deepening toward south. / Mestrado / Reservatórios e Gestão / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

Todos os cursos de água carream sedimentos com maior ou menor intensidade, sendo responsáveis pela redução da calha de rios e volume de reservatórios. O assoreamento dos reservatórios reduz sua vida útil, comprometendo os sistemas de geração de energia, de navegação, de irrigação, gerando problemas de ordem ambiental. Neste contexto, subsídios ao processo de gerenciamento dos reservatórios pela predição do assoreamento, tornam-se necessários. O reservatório Represa Velha, situado na bacia hidrográfica do Mogi Guaçu, foi escolhido para estudo de caso pela disponibilidade de dados batimétricos, de vazão e de sedimentos. Com os recursos da dinâmica dos fluidos computacional (DFC), é utilizado o programa MIKE 21C. A solução das equações hidrodinâmicas (Saint-Venant 2D) integradas na vertical, tiveram como condição de contorno a vazão constante em cada período da medição, na entrada do reservatório, e a altura de água constante, para cada dado de vazão, no canal de saída. A calibração do modelo numérico foi feita para os dados temporais de vazão, concentração de sedimentos e batimetrias do reservatório. Com dados da primeira batimetria e campanhas batimétricas sucessivas, foi realizada a comparação entre os resultados obtidos pela simulação numérica e aqueles medidos em campo. As dificuldades e limitações encontradas neste processo são comentadas. / All rivers transport sediments with bigger or smaller intensity, being responsible for the reduction of their channel and volume of reservoirs. The sedimentation of reservoirs reduces their useful life, compromising energy generation systems, navigation, irrigation, and generating problems of environmental order. In this context, subsidies to the process of reservoirs management for the prediction of sedimentation become necessary. The reservoir Represa Velha, located in the Mogi Guaçu\'s watershed, was chosen as a case study because of its available data of bathymetry, flow and sediment discharge. With the resources of computational fluids dynamics (CFD), the program MIKE 21C was used. In the solution of the problem are used the hydrodynamic equations (Saint-Venant 2D) integrated in the vertical. The boundary conditions are the constant flow, in each period of the measurement, at the entrance of the reservoir, and the constant water level, for each flow measured, at the exit channel. The calibration of the numeric model was developed with data from previews work, of flow, sediment concentration and reservoir bathymetry. The numerical data were compared with the measured sedimentation. The difficulties and limitations found in this process are commented on.

Os sedimentos transportados por cursos de água, quando depositados nos reservatórios, podem lhes causar danos, como redução do seu volume de água, prejuízos à navegação, danificação de turbinas e bloqueio de tomadas de água e comportas. Para que medidas preventivas possam ser tomadas nesse sentido, a capacidade de predizer taxas de sedimentação e sua distribuição não-uniforme em reservatórios é muito importante, ainda em sua fase de projeto. Este trabalho compreende a construção e o assoreamento de uma armadilha de sedimentos em laboratório, bem como a utilização de um programa computacional para reprodução numérica do assoreamento. A comparação satisfatória entre resultados experimentais e simulados, tanto para o padrão do escoamento no interior da armadilha quanto para a deposição de sedimentos, permitiu avaliar o programa MIKE 21C como ferramenta útil no estudo e na estimativa do assoreamento de reservatórios / Sediment transport in alluvial rivers may cause serious problems to reservoirs, such as decrease in storage volume, impairment of navigability, damage to hydropower turbines, and blockage of gates and intakes. The capacity of predicting sedimentation and its non-uniform distribution inside reservoirs is very important, still in their phase of planning and design. This work comprehends the construction of a sand trap in a laboratory and its experimental sedimentation, as well as the use of a computational program to reproduce numerically the experiment. The satisfactory comparison between experimental and numerical results, for the flow pattern inside the trap and for the sediment deposition, validated the program MIKE 21C as a useful tool in the study and prediction of reservoir sedimentation

Nowadays the sediment becomes one significant problem to reservoir watershed and it is effect and related to reservoir operation system. As the research topic, an integrated sediment approach and impacts of climate change on reservoir sedimentation, there are three main parts demonstrated in this research that all parts are related together with sediment point of view. Annual sediment depositing volume in reservoir was estimated by general soil loss equation but the efficiency was not acceptable. The first part of this study shows that the efficiency is improved by using general soil loss equation with sediment transport model. The second part is about monitoring the sediment inflow to reservoir. The important parameter to operate the reservoir is turbidity concentration of flow into dam, in the second part the suspended sediment concentration was predicted by real time therefore the reservoir operation to release turbid flow will get more efficiency. For last part, in the next future year sediment yield and water resources on the study area were investigated by extrapolated temperature and rainfall data then the results will be useful for long term reservoir operation system. First part, the integrated sedimentation was used to model an annual depositing sediment volume in reservoir. Sediment system in watershed includes not only sediment yield but also sediment transportation along the rivers. In this study, the Geographic Information System (GIS) incorporated with sediment yield model can be assisted to enhance the evaluation estimation of soil erosion. Surface erosion on Managawa river basin is then computed with the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) and it is verified to reflect the hydrological processes to which it will be able to estimate soil losses. In the sediment transport routing module, total load equation is applied to carry sediment from soil surface erosion to deposit in Managawa dam. According to annual accumulation sediment volume data in Managawa reservoir during 1981 – 2004, the establish model and simulation results are satisfied. The efficiency of the Modified Universal Equation with sediment routing in rivers is more than the simple Modified Universal Equation. Second part, the real time suspended sediment concentration forecasting was used for monitoring the turbidity flow on the upstream of reservoir. The sediment flow into the reservoir is a factor for decision support in real time reservoir operation therefore the serious area of sediment erosion of Managawa river basin, Japan is monitored by suspended sediment gauge. The hourly suspended sediment concentration at Okumotani station; the upstream of Managawa reservoir, was monitored and estimated by the artificial neural network (ANN) model that the input data were rainfall data and its products. This artificial neural network (ANN) was calibrated and validated by using recently suspended sediment data on heavy rainfall events from December 2006 to January 2008. Choosing an appropriate neural network structure and providing field data to that network for training purpose are address by using a constructive back propagation algorithm. Rainfall and its products; the computed discharge from rainfall runoff model and rainfall intensity, were applied as inputs to neural network. It is demonstrated that the artificial neural network (ANN) is capable of modeling the hourly suspended sediment concentration with good accuracy and the neural network model has efficiency more than the multiple linear regression (MLR) model and the sediment rating curve (SRC) model. Last part, the effects of climate change on water resources and sediment yield were investigated by climate change scenarios which the main meteorological data were rainfall and temperature data. Historic trends of temperature and precipitation on Managawa river basin were detected by parametric and nonparametric tests. The daily mean temperature data from 1981 to 2008 at Ono station, Fukui prefecture was the representative of temperature on the study area. The hourly rainfall data from 1981 to 2008 were obtained by Managawa dam office processed with the reliability of data and weighted data. From monotonic and step trend tests, the temperature trend was found herein to follow a clear and steady trend every month. The average annual temperature exhibited an increasing trend with a magnitude 0.4 ºC per decade. Application of the Mann-Kendall and Mann-Whitney test for rainfall time series on Managawa river basin showed no step change and no monotonic trend in Managawa precipitation. The average annual precipitation exhibited a decreasing trend with a magnitude 52 mm per decade. The weather generating models both temperature and rainfall expressed the high efficiency for validation step. The generated weather series 2009 - 2060; temperature and precipitation height, for future climatic conditions can be inputted into the soil loss equation to investigate the change in sediment sources and extrapolated rainfall can be inputted to rainfall runoff model to investigate the change in runoff for future climate change condition. The sediment yield rate should be reduced because of the decrease in precipitation. / Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第14934号 / 工博第3161号 / 新制||工||1474(附属図書館) / 27372 / UT51-2009-M848 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 角 哲也, 教授 田村 武, 教授 藤田 正治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

Os conceitos de competência do escoamento e de capacidade de transporte foram desenvolvidos para escoamentos fluviais e acabam sendo transferidos para a modelagem de correntes de turbidez. No entanto, não é claro até que ponto o estabelecimento de analogias entre o ambiente fluvial e as correntes de turbidez pode ser realizado. Nesse contexto, o principal objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os conceitos de competência e de capacidade nas correntes de turbidez. O estudo foi desenvolvido experimentalmente, em um canal de inclinação variável de 4 m de comprimento, 40 cm de altura e 12 cm de largura. Um leito móvel foi construído em um trecho intermediário do canal utilizando sedimento - carvão mineral (ρ = 1405 kgm³) - com tamanho areia média. No total, 30 simulações de correntes de turbidez contínuas foram realizadas, utilizando o mesmo sedimento, porém com tamanho areia muito fina. Foram simuladas três declividades diferentes (6%, 0,3% e 0,015%), vazões de injeção entre 15 e 25 lmin, concentrações iniciais variando entre 0,03% e 5,5% e a duração dos ensaios ficou compreendida entre 3 e 30 min. O levantamento do perfil longitudinal do leito móvel, antes e após o ensaio, foi realizado e todo o sedimento foi coletado. Três quantidades distintas de sedimento foram quantificadas: a quantidade depositada antes do leito móvel, a quantidade depositada no leito móvel e a quantidade depositada depois do leito móvel. O cálculo da eficiência de transporte das correntes de turbidez no trecho do leito móvel, bem como das suas descargas sólidas, foi realizado. Também foram realizadas análises granulométricas do sedimento depositado antes e após do leito móvel. Por fim, parâmetros do fluxo foram obtidos (altura e velocidade) através de análises visuais e números adimensionais clássicos do transporte sólido em canais abertos foram avaliados. A partir da interpretação dos dados, conclui-se que os conceitos de competência do escoamento e de capacidade de transporte não foram capazes de refletir o diâmetro característico do sedimento transportado pelas correntes simuladas e a capacidade máxima de transporte desses fluxos, como normalmente ocorre em escoamentos fluviais. A relação entre a eficiência de transporte desses fluxos e a descarga sólida dos mesmos indicou que a partir de uma região a eficiência tornou-se invariante. Essa relação possui curvas com tendência logarítmica e as suas assíntotas ocorreram em valores de eficiência da ordem de 50% (inclinação de 6%) e de 40% (inclinações de 0,3% e 0,015%). A relação entre o diâmetro característico do sedimento depositado depois do leito e antes do leito indicou uma diminuição de cerca de 18% no tamanho dos grãos depositados a jusante. / The modeling of turbidity currents uses the concepts of competence and flow capacity that have been developed based on river hydraulics. However, the analogies between the fluvial environment and turbidity currents are not very clear. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the competence and flow capacity of turbidity currents. The study was performed using an experimental channel 4 m long, 40 cm high, and 12 cm wide with variable slope. A mobile bed of medium sand-size - mineral coal (ρ=1405 kgm³) - was constructed in an intermediate area of the channel. In total, 30 simulations of continuous turbidity currents were performed and the sediment used in the turbidity currents was very fine sand-size mineral coal. The simulations were accomplished considering three different channel slopes (6%, 0.3% e 0.015%); injection discharge varied between 15 and 25 l/min, and initial volumetric concentrations varied between 0.03% and 5.5%. The simulations lasted between 3 and 30 minutes. The longitudinal profile of the mobile bed was analyzed before and after each simulation, and all the sediment was collected at the end. Three different amounts of sediment were quantified: the amount of sediment deposited before, on, and after the mobile bed. Based on this data, both the transport efficiency and solid discharge of the turbidity current on the mobile bed were determined. Particle-size distribution of the deposited sediment before and after the mobile bed was also carried out. Finally, flow parameters were obtained (high and velocity) considering visual evaluation and the classical dimensional numbers in sediment transport in open channel flows were analyzed. The data interpretation revealed that the competence and flow capacity parameters were not able to reflect the grain diameter transported by the simulated currents and a maximum flow capacity of these flows, as usually is observed in fluvial flows. The relation between the transport efficiency and solid discharge of these flows demonstrated that after a certain point, the efficiency became constant. This relation resulted in log trend curves with asymptotes located at efficiency values of approximately 50% (6% slope) and 40% (0.3% and 0.015% slopes). The characteristic diameter of the sediment deposited after the mobile bed presented a reduction of 18% when compared to the sediment deposited before the mobile bed.

My diploma thesis is focused on project of water management measure which should intercept torrential water endangering municipality Starovice. In diploma thesis I assess the degree of erosion washes of soil on the solving land. Intensity of soil ablation of affected land is evaluated by Wischmeier-Smith method. Based on the result of long-term soil lost and gathered materials are designed erosion control and water management measures. Graphic part of the thesis contains cartograms with an assessment rate of erosion threat to the investigated area. As part of thesis maps were created using ArcGIS. The essence of the work are drawings situations, longitudinal profiles, sample diagonal incisions of the intercepting ditch were created in Bentley PowerCivil.

Reservoir sedimentation occurs as dams impound streams and rivers, preventing the delivery of sediments downstream. Globally, reservoirs lose approximately 40 million acre-ft of storage to sediments each year. Several methods for managing reservoir sedimentation have been developed to help extend project life. In 2017, the World Bank sponsored REServoir CONservation (RESCON) 2, a pre-feasibility program aimed to help users select sediment management practices to consider for more detailed studies.There are two main objectives to this research: 1) perform a sensitivity analysis to understand which parameters require greater precision and which can be roughly approximated, and 2) evaluate RESCON 2 suggested practices to assess the model's accuracy and consistency for providing the optimal solution. Comparisons of the actual sediment management practice will be made with RESCON's results and applicable zones from the Sediment Management Options Diagram (SMOD). Brief descriptions of the SMOD and RESCON 2 will be provided. RESCON-required inputs will be summarized, and some key entries will be presented. Additionally, innovations taken in Japan to modify and retrofit exiting reservoirs with sediment management capabilities will be explored.The sensitivity analysis proves the unit benefit of reservoir yield parameter to be highly sensitive, and users should invest time into determining this value. The sensitivity analysis also illustrates certain processes in RESCON, such as automatically determining the implementation schedule of flushing or a sustainable solution for dredging operations, have great influence over the respective method's analysis. Approximations can be used if these options were selected.Twenty reservoirs from around the world were modeled in RESCON 2, with storage capacities ranging between 152 acre-ft and 31.9 million acre-ft. All sediment management alternatives whose NPV lied within 30% of the highest alternative were deemed practicable for the reservoir. Of the twenty models analyzed in RESCON 2, ten did not practice sediment management. Analyzing only those reservoirs where sediment management is being employed, RESCON predicted the correct or used practice eight out of ten times.Recommendations to improve RESCON include 1) an HSRS operations and maintenance parameter, 2) expanding the unit benefit of reservoir yield parameter into several terms to more explicitly state applicable revenue sources, and 3) creating a list of RESCON model builds, updates, and bug treatments and an option for users to report bugs or other problems.

Reservoir sedimentation is a major issue for water resource management around the world. It has serious economic, environmental, and social consequences, such as reduced water storage capacity, increased flooding risk, decreased hydropower generation, and deteriorated water quality. Increased rainfall intensity, higher temperatures, and more extreme weather events due to climate change are expected to exacerbate the problem of reservoir sedimentation. As a result, sedimentation must be managed to ensure the long-term viability of reservoirs and their associated infrastructure. Effective reservoir sedimentation management in the face of climate change necessitates an understanding of the sedimentation process and the factors that influence it, such as land use practices, erosion, and climate. Monitoring and modelling sedimentation rates are also useful tools for forecasting future impacts and making management decisions. The goal of this research is to create long-term reservoir management strategies in the face of climate change by simulating the effects of various reservoir-operating strategies on reservoir sedimentation and sediment delta movement at Mangla Reservoir in Pakistan (the second-largest dam in the country). In order to assess the impact of the Mangla Reservoir's sedimentation and reservoir life, a framework was developed. This framework incorporates both hydrological and morphodynamic models and various soft computing models. In addition to taking climate change uncertainty into consideration, the proposed framework also incorporates sediment source, sediment delivery, and reservoir morphology changes. Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to provide a practical methodology based on the limited data available. In the first phase of this study, it was investigated how to accurately quantify the missing suspended sediment load (SSL) data in rivers by utilizing various techniques, such as sediment rating curves (SRC) and soft computing models (SCMs), including local linear regression (LLR), artificial neural networks (ANN) and wavelet-cum-ANN (WANN). Further, the Gamma and M-test were performed to select the best-input variables and appropriate data length for SCMs development. Based on an evaluation of the outcomes of all leading models for SSL estimation, it can be concluded that SCMs are more effective than SRC approaches. Additionally, the results also indicated that the WANN model was the most accurate model for reconstructing the SSL time series because it is capable of identifying the salient characteristics in a data series. The second phase of this study examined the feasibility of using four satellite precipitation datasets (SPDs) which included GPM, PERSIANN_CDR, CHIRPS, and CMORPH to predict streamflow and sediment loads (SL) within a poorly gauged mountainous catchment, by employing the SWAT hydrological model as well as SWAT coupled soft computing models (SCMs) such as artificial neural networks (SWAT-ANN), random forests (SWAT-RF), and support vector regression (SWAT-SVR). SCMs were developed using the outputs of un-calibrated SWAT hydrological models to improve the predictions. The results indicate that during the entire simulation, the GPM shows the best performance in both schemes, while PERSIAN_CDR and CHIRPS also perform well, whereas CMORPH predicts streamflow for the Upper Jhelum River Basin (UJRB) with relatively poor performance. Among the best GPM-based models, SWAT-RF offered the best performance to simulate the entire streamflow, while SWAT-ANN excelled at simulating the SL. Hence, hydrological coupled SCMs based on SPDs could be an effective technique for simulating streamflow and SL, particularly in complex terrain where gauge network density is low or uneven. The third and last phase of this study investigated the impact of different reservoir operating strategies on Mangla reservoir sedimentation using a 1D sediment transport model. To improve the accuracy of the model, more accurate boundary conditions for flow and sediment load were incorporated into the numerical model (derived from the first and second phases of this study) so that the successive morphodynamic model could precisely predict bed level changes under given climate conditions. Further, in order to assess the long-term effect of a changing climate, a Global Climate Model (GCM) under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios 4.5 and 8.5 for the 21st century is used. The long-term modelling results showed that a gradual increase in the reservoir minimum operating level (MOL) slows down the delta movement rate and the bed level close to the dam. However, it may compromise the downstream irrigation demand during periods of high water demand. The findings may help the reservoir managers to improve the reservoir operation rules and ultimately support the objective of sustainable reservoir use for societal benefit. In summary, this study provides comprehensive insights into reservoir sedimentation phenomena and recommends an operational strategy that is both feasible and sustainable over the long term under the impact of climate change, especially in cases where a lack of data exists. Basically, it is very important to improve the accuracy of sediment load estimates, which are essential in the design and operation of reservoir structures and operating plans in response to incoming sediment loads, ensuring accurate reservoir lifespan predictions. Furthermore, the production of highly accurate streamflow forecasts, particularly when on-site data is limited, is important and can be achieved by the use of satellite-based precipitation data in conjunction with hydrological and soft computing models. Ultimately, the use of soft computing methods produces significantly improved input data for sediment load and discharge, enabling the application of one-dimensional hydro-morphodynamic numerical models to evaluate sediment dynamics and reservoir useful life under the influence of climate change at various operating conditions in a way that is adequate for evaluating sediment dynamics.:Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2:Reconstruction of Sediment Load Data in Rivers Chapter 3:Assessment of The Hydrological and Coupled Soft Computing Models, Based on Different Satellite Precipitation Datasets, To Simulate Streamflow and Sediment Load in A Mountainous Catchment Chapter 4:Simulating the Impact of Climate Change with Different Reservoir Operating Strategies on Sedimentation of the Mangla Reservoir, Northern Pakistan Chapter 5:Conclusions and Recommendations

Soil erosion by water can cause agricultural soil losses, desertification, water pollution, reservoir sedimentation, local excess of erosion (such as bridge scour) or deposition, etc. For this reason, the assessment of soil erosion and sediment transport is a key component of integrated catchment management. One of the most useful and up-to-date tools available to catchment managers for soil erosion and sediment transport assessment is distributed modelling. During the last few decades, many sedimentological distributed models were developed and applied for a wide range of climates and basins. Their main advantage is that they allow spatial interpolation or extrapolation of their results. Nevertheless, their use is still limited by some constraints. One of the most relevant limitations to the use of such models is the lack of recorded sediment transport data to be used for model calibration and validation. It is widely recognised that both sediment discharge series and soil erosion measurements are only available in a few and small- to medium-size experimental catchments. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the possibility of using reservoir sedimentation data as a source of proxy information for sedimentological model calibration and validation. In order to carry out this task, a distributed sedimentological model called TETIS was tested in set of catchments with different sediment data availability. First of all, the TETIS model, developed over the last years by the research group of hydrological and environmental modelling of the Technical University of Valencia, is described, especially focusing on the new features developed within this dissertation (sedimentological sub-model automatic calibration algorithm, small pond sediment retention module, etc.). Then, the model is applied to three catchments with different sediment data availability. The first case-study is the Goodwin Creek catchment (Mississippi, US), an experimental catchment with high sediment transport data availability. The model performance is evaluated, and some considerations are made on the estimation of the sediment volume deposited into the drainage network at the beginning of a rainstorm. The second case-study is the Rambla del Poyo catchment (Valencia, Spain), a medium size semi-arid catchment draining to a coastal lagoon with severe sedimentation problems. The TETIS sedimentological sub-model is calibrated and validated using check-dam sedimentation volumes as an estimator of the total sediment transport. A detailed description of the alluvial stratigraphy infilling a check dam that drains a 12.9 km2 sub-catchment was used as indirect information of sediment yield data. A further application was also developed in this catchment in order to investigate the possibility of calibrating and validating both the hydrological and the sediment sub-models by using reservoir sedimentation volumes and employing neither water nor sediment discharge direct records. The third case-study is the Ésera River catchment (Huesca, Spain), a 1,500 km2 Pyrenean catchment drained by a large reservoir. The depositional history of the reservoir was reconstructed and used for sediment sub-model implementation. The model results were compared with gauged suspended sediment data in order to verify model robustness. The results of this dissertation indicate that TETIS model is a robust tool which provides a reliable reconstruction of the catchment sediment cycle. Its implementation is subject to data availability, both for parameter estimation and for model calibration and validation. Nevertheless, this dissertation proved that sediment records can be replaced by reservoir sedimentation volumes with satisfactory results, taking into account reservoir trap efficiency and sediment dry bulk density. Two modelling approaches were proposed for sediment model implementation, depending on the data availability. These methodologies proved to be consistent and provided a correct estimation of the sediment transport. Nevertheless, further research is needed to address model limitations and to reduce model results uncertainty / Bussi, G. (2014). Implementation of a distributed sediment model in different data availability scenarios [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/36534

Yes / The present study attempts to predict the reservoir sedimentation in 32 km region of the Tenryu River between the Hiraoka and Sakuma Dams in Japan. For numerical simulations of the reservoir sedimentation, the one-dimensional model of the Hydrologic Engineering Centre-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) is used together with the inclusion of channel geometry, bed gradation curve, Exner-5 bed sorting mechanisms, fall velocity of the particle, and flow and sediment boundary conditions pertaining to modeling region. The modeling region of the Tenryu River is divided into 48 river stations with 47 reaches in the numerical simulations. The numerical model is calibrated using the available data for 48 years from 1957 to 2004. The formulae of sediment transport function, Manning’s roughness coefficient, computational increment and fall velocity have been identified for getting the best estimation of the Sakuma Dam reservoir sedimentation. Combination of obtained sensitive parameters and erodible limits of 2 m gave the best comparison with the measured bed profile. The computed results follow the trend of measured data with a small underestimation. Although Manning’s roughness coefficient has an effect on the sedimentation, no direct relation is found between the Manning’s roughness coefficient and reservoir sedimentation. It is found that the temperature of water has no effect on the reservoir sedimentation.