A pesquisa analisou os fatores envolvidos na expansão recente do Turismo receptivo em três localidades situadas no entorno da cidade de Campos do Jordão, na Serra da Mantiqueira - SP: Santo Antonio do Pinhal, São Bento do Sapucaí e o distrito de São Francisco Xavier, pertencente ao município de São José dos Campos. Em virtude da expressividade do fenômeno turístico na área, justifica-se avaliar os efeitos da expansão das estruturas receptivas sobre a vida das populações. A abordagem privilegiou a questão do desenvolvimento sustentável como elemento definidor das ações dos organizadores do Turismo, e avaliou junto aos moradores as formas de participação no processo. O referencial teórico apoiou-se em autores da Geografia do Turismo e outras disciplinas da área de Ciências Sociais, as quais auxiliam no estudo do fenômeno turístico. Por meio de entrevistas com os organizadores e uma amostra dos residentes, utilizou-se a fenomenologia como método para captar as percepções e opiniões dos moradores quanto ao crescimento das atividades receptivas nas três localidades. Constatouse que aos fatores de atratividade originais, o clima e a paisagem serranos, outros estão sendo adicionados à área, em razão da saturação de Campos, como a tranqüilidade dos lugarejos, a paisagem rural e os recursos associados ao meio natural. Essas mudanças na oferta atendem novas demandas e geram formas inéditas de organização do espaço turístico na área, impondo desafios às populações envolvidas. / This study analyses the causes of the recent tourism growth among three sites located around the city of Campos do Jordão, on Serra da Mantiqueira, a hill area on the northeast of the state of São Paulo. The places named Santo Antonio do Pinhal, São Bento do Sapucaí e São Francisco Xavier (the latest is a district of the city of São Jose dos Campos), have their receptive structures been increased during last decade, as a consequence of the appeal of Campos do Jordão, which causes crescent demands over all that region. Due to the extention that Tourism activities are obtaining in the area, one can realize several effects over the residents living standards. As theoretical references the author used the concepts of sustainability, tourism planning, and categories such as tourist space and landscape, performing the first chapter. Study field avaliated the relations of residents which the phenomenon, using questionnaires as well as interviews with tourist authorities. The Phenomenology was the method used to analyze residents attitudes toward tourist policies and practices. Results showed that tourism activities are fastly increasing in those locations, causing new concerns and challenges to the residents.

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A pesquisa analisou os fatores envolvidos na expansão recente do Turismo receptivo em três localidades situadas no entorno da cidade de Campos do Jordão, na Serra da Mantiqueira - SP: Santo Antonio do Pinhal, São Bento do Sapucaí e o distrito de São Francisco Xavier, pertencente ao município de São José dos Campos. Em virtude da expressividade do fenômeno turístico na área, justifica-se avaliar os efeitos da expansão das estruturas receptivas sobre a vida das populações. A abordagem privilegiou a questão do desenvolvimento sustentável como elemento definidor das ações dos organizadores do Turismo, e avaliou junto aos moradores as formas de participação no processo. O referencial teórico apoiou-se em autores da Geografia do Turismo e outras disciplinas da área de Ciências Sociais, as quais auxiliam no estudo do fenômeno turístico. Por meio de entrevistas com os organizadores e uma amostra dos residentes, utilizou-se a fenomenologia como método para captar as percepções e opiniões dos moradores quanto ao crescimento das atividades receptivas nas três localidades. Constatouse que aos fatores de atratividade originais, o clima e a paisagem serranos, outros estão sendo adicionados à área, em razão da saturação de Campos, como a tranqüilidade dos lugarejos, a paisagem rural e os recursos associados ao meio natural. Essas mudanças na oferta atendem novas demandas e geram formas inéditas de organização do espaço turístico na área, impondo desafios às populações envolvidas. / This study analyses the causes of the recent tourism growth among three sites located around the city of Campos do Jordão, on Serra da Mantiqueira, a hill area on the northeast of the state of São Paulo. The places named Santo Antonio do Pinhal, São Bento do Sapucaí e São Francisco Xavier (the latest is a district of the city of São Jose dos Campos), have their receptive structures been increased during last decade, as a consequence of the appeal of Campos do Jordão, which causes crescent demands over all that region. Due to the extention that Tourism activities are obtaining in the area, one can realize several effects over the residents living standards. As theoretical references the author used the concepts of sustainability, tourism planning, and categories such as tourist space and landscape, performing the first chapter. Study field avaliated the relations of residents which the phenomenon, using questionnaires as well as interviews with tourist authorities. The Phenomenology was the method used to analyze residents attitudes toward tourist policies and practices. Results showed that tourism activities are fastly increasing in those locations, causing new concerns and challenges to the residents.

The rapid and to some extent uncontrolled tourism expansion in Bali is likely to have major impacts on the island and its residents. Tourism development in Bali is a top priority for economic growth and is the main economic sector on the island. Sustainable tourism has become an increasingly important and recognized topic due to tourism’s inherent nature to generate both positive and negative economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts. Sustainable tourism development is about striking a balance between meeting the needs of local communities, satisfying tourist demand and protecting the natural environment. Residents of host communities are seen as a vital component of the tourism experience as they are the first to interact with tourists. The residents' perceptions are essential to assessing the feasibility of all types of development initiatives, as well as their perceptions are of great importance linked to their personal well-being. Social exchange theory (SET) and triple bottom line (TBL) were used as theoretical frameworks to fulfil the purpose of this study. The study aimed to create an understanding of how residents in Bali experienced the island’s tourism development, and whether and how it differed between residents of the two different destinations: Ubud and Canggu. By examining Bali residents' perceptions of tourism on the island, a small contribution can be made to tourism research from a resident-centric perspective. In turn, this can contribute to subjective indications concerning tourism that are likely to be important in a developing island context. The results showed that the perceived economic benefits outweighed both the socio-cultural, and environmental perceived costs. This result can be interpreted as being due to the residents' strong dependency on tourism, where their vulnerability should be taken into account in sustainable tourism development.

8 ABSTRACT The participants of environmental management are able to contribute to the sustainable development of protected areas through organized cooperation that requires a complex approach. Therefore, identification and classification of attitudes or relationships between stakeholders are highly desirable as well as determining the factors influencing their thinking towards the existence of protected areas. The explanatory variables like age, education, local and ecological knowledge and employment are usually discussed to explain of residents' opinions on protected areas. This work focuses on the residents of National parks Krkonose, Podyji and Ceske Svycarsko and a team of researchers under the leadership of a supervizor was systematically monitored residents' opinions since 1999 in these national parks. Four-block questionnaire field surveys were conducted in 19 villages influenced by national park management and 469 samples were collected. Chi-square test and logistic regression were utilized to analyse the dataset. There are signifiant relationships (p < 0.05) between selected demographic, environmental, social, economic and institutional-political indicators. Positive or negative respondents' opinions on the existence of the national park were significantly influenced by their age (pχ2 = 0.026),...