Master of Science / Department of Agronomy / David B. Mengel / This study was initiated to determine if potassium (K) deficiencies seen in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) under no-till and strip-till production systems are impacting soybean yields, and if so, what fertilizer application practices including: rate of K application; broadcast or deep band methods of application; and the use of starter fertilizer at planting; could be used to correct the problem. The residual impacts of K fertilization and placement were also evaluated on corn (Zea mays L.) grown in rotation with soybeans. This research was conducted on-farm in cooperation with local producers. Soybeans sites in 2007 were near Harris, Ottawa and Westphalia, Kansas with corn planted in 2008 at the sites near Ottawa and Westphalia. Soybean sites in 2008 were located near Ottawa and Welda, Kansas. Selected sites were generally near or below the current soil test K critical level of 130 mg per kg extractable K, based on sampling histories provided by the cooperators. Sampling in the spring of 2007 confirmed these soil test (ST) K levels. Soybean leaf tissue potassium levels in 2007 were less than the critical level of 17 mg per kg in the unfertilized control plots, and were significantly greater when potassium fertilizer was deep banded or a high-rate of K fertilizer was broadcast. No significant difference in yield of soybeans due to K fertilization was seen, likely due to significant water stress during the grain fill period, which severely limited soybean yield in 2007. Soil test K levels at all the research sites increased dramatically between 2007 and 2008, even where no K was applied. Different weather conditions experienced these two years may have contributed to this occurrence. No residual impacts of K fertilization in 2007 on soybeans were seen in soil tests, corn leaf tissue K levels or corn yield in 2008. Soybean sites in 2008 also showed a dramatic increase in K ST levels in 2008 as compared to farmer records. No effects of K fertilization on soybean growth or yield were seen in 2008. The 2008 Ottawa soybean site had very low P soil tests. A significant response to P fertilization contained in the starter treatments was observed. This suggests that the dominant farmer practice of applying P and K fertilizer to corn, and not applying fertilizer directly to soybeans, even at low soil test levels, may not be supplying adequate P to soybeans, and is likely costing farmers yields and profits.

Submitted by Edineia Teixeira (edineia.teixeira@unioeste.br) on 2018-03-08T13:28:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Natalia_Pereira2017.pdf: 799104 bytes, checksum: 15013d3c1d177715840510264bdc11bd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-08T13:28:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Natalia_Pereira2017.pdf: 799104 bytes, checksum: 15013d3c1d177715840510264bdc11bd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The insertion crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst ex R.E.Fr.) on the production systems wich be of no tillage crop makes possible the residual fertilizations harnessing of the previously implanted crop. Generally, on the most production systems, the nutrition offer for the plants is made by chemical fertilizations that represents majority of the production costs. One alternative to reduce the costs and to provide qualitys nutrients is by the waste animals utilization. The aim of this study is evaluated the harnessing nutrient level of the residues extracted by crambe and its productive performance after the crop bean fertilizated with different doses application of poultry litter, pig slurry and chemical fertilization. The experimental area is located at the Experimental Station of the Agronomic Institute of Paraná, in Santa Tereza do Oeste - PR. The treatments were generated by factorial (2x3)+1+1, being two waste (liquid swine and poultry litter) with three doses of each (poultry litter: 3.3, 6.6 and 9.9 t/ha (wet basis) and pig slurry: 60,120 and 180 m3/ha. Others additional treatments were the control (no fertilization) and mineral fertilization (215 kg/ha of the formulated 08-28-16). Was evaluated the leaf content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, copper and zinc, the lodging, grain yield and oil yield. The data were submitted to variance analysis (ANOVA); the effect and kind of animal waste were evaluated by the Tukey test with 5 % of probability; and the adicional treatments were compared by contrast analysis. The residual fertilizers with animal manure results in crambe plant with bigger leaf content of P and Zn. And also was a bigger percentation of lodging in relation to control and mineral residual fertilization. The grain productivity and oil yeld was equivalent, compared with residual fertilization with animals waste and mineral. / A inserção de crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst ex R.E.Fr.) nos sistemas de produção sob sistema plantio direto possibilita o aproveitamento da adubação residual da cultura anteriormente implantada. De modo geral, a oferta de nutrientes às plantas é feita por meio de adubação química e esta representa grande parte dos custos para produção. Uma alternativa para reduzir os custos e fornecer nutrientes de qualidade é por meio da utilização de dejetos de animais. O objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar o nível de aproveitamento nutricional residual pelo crambe e o seu desempenho produtivo após o cultivo de feijão adubado com diferentes doses de adubação com dejetos de animais e adubação química. A área experimental localiza-se na Estação Experimental do Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, no município de Santa Tereza do Oeste - PR. Os tratamentos foram gerados pelo esquema fatorial (2x3)+1+1, sendo dois dejetos (líquido de suínos e cama de aviário) e três doses de cada (cama de aviário: 3,3; 6,6 e 9,9 t/ha (base úmida) e dejeto líquido de suínos: 60; 120 e 180 m3/ha). Os tratamentos adicionais utilizados foram a testemunha (sem adubação) e o com adubação mineral (215 kg/ha do formulado 08-28-16). Foram avaliados os teores foliar de nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cobre e zinco, o acamamento, produtividade de grãos e produtiviade de óleo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA); o efeito do tipo e das doses dos dejetos animais foi avaliado pelo teste de Tukey a 5 % de probabilidade; e os tratamentos adicionais foram comparados por meio de análise de contraste. A adubação residual com dejetos de animais resultou em maior teor foliar de P e Zn em plantas de crambe. Houve um maior percentual de plantas acamadas, em relação à testemunha e à adubação residual mineral. A produtividade de grãos e o rendimento de óleo foram equivalentes, em relação às adubações residuais com dejetos de animais e mineral