Resilience is vital to college and university student success. Furthermore, resilience is necessary for successful leadership. Student leadership programs must consider resilience building as part of successful program development. By considering resilience as a factor in student leadership success and future leadership success, programs may encourage the development of leaders who are highly equipped to lead and continue to lead in the long term. Because of the need to promote resilience building through leadership program development, the researcher sought to explore the potential relationship between participation in leadership activities and student resilience scores. The purpose of this quantitative research was to determine if there were differences in scores on the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale among undergraduate students involved in honors leadership programs at a 4 year university. Potential links between specially designed 4 year student leadership programs and resilience scores were studied. The number of leadership opportunities participants had engaged in as well as gender, age, and class status (freshman, sophomore, junior, senior) were analyzed. A quantitative nonexperimental survey research design was employed by examining the results of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. The survey link was provided to students during the Fall 2018 semester. Data from the survey were analyzed to address each of the 9 research questions. Seven of the research questions were addressed using ANOVA and 2 research questions were addressed using t tests. No significant relationship was found between overall resilience scores among the 3 activity groups. The results indicated that the majority of the students scored well above the national average score. Although the analyses of relationship between the number of activities and each of the 5 resilience factors were not significant, students who completed 5 or more activities tended to score higher overall. Gender and age showed no significant difference on resilience scores. However, male students scored slightly higher than females, and females scored higher than the national average. The findings from this study may contribute to resilience research, student development research, leadership development research, and educational programming considerations.

Yes / Entrepreneurs need to be more resilient. As economic disruptions are inevitable, organizations need to have resilient leaders. Resilient organizations possess the capacity to sustain favorable transformations and successfully navigate numerous hurdles during periods of crisis or adversity. The purpose of this research is to develop a new measurement tool for resilient leadership within the context of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. Despite vast empirical evidence on the topic of leadership toward sustainable performance, validated assessments of resilient leadership are still underexplored. Therefore, the researchers initiated a quantitative research approach by gathering data from 100 SME leaders across various industries. The newly developed resilient leadership questionnaires were electronically distributed to the respondents. The data was analyzed using SPSS 26.0. The data analysis comprised descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, and exploratory factor analysis. The results revealed and verified six- dimensions of resilient leadership, which include adaptability, emotional intelligence, visionary, spiritual intelligence, growth mindset, and internal ecosystem. The measurement scale developed, and the factor structure produced can be used to assess and develop more resilient leaders that could help to sustain business performance among SMEs. The inclusion of a spiritual element into the model adds value and provides a holistic view of a resilient leadership model that is not only applicable to the context of SMEs in Malaysia but also across borders.