The motivation for this research was to apply methods of vibrations testing in order to determine axial loads in the pin-ended truss members of the Breeding Bam. This method of vibrations testing was necessary in order to determine the in-situ axial loads of the truss members in the bam. Other common methods, such as strain gauges, were not useful for this application. This is because strain gauges can only detect changes in strain and therefore only changes in load. However due to the size and weight of the roof at the Breeding Bam, significant axial loads are produced in the truss members. This in-situ axial load due to the dead load of the roof is a significant portion of any additional loading and cannot be ignored. The ultimate goal of determining the axial loads in the truss members was to develop a model for the roof structure of the bam that accurately predicts axial loads in the truss members over a range of loading conditions. Developing such a model was important in order to make a structural assessment ofthe Breeding Bam's roof structure. In order to determine the axial loads in the truss members, acceleration time histories of the individual truss members were collected using wireless accelerometers provided by MicroStrain of Williston, Vermont. Using the Fourier transform, power spectral densities were produced from the raw acceleration time histories. It was from these plots that the resonant frequencies of the truss members were determined. Knowing the resonant frequencies for a member and the beam vibration equation developed for pin-ended members, the axial load of the truss member were calculated. This process was done for each wrought iron truss member for three separate loading conditions. The purpose of this was to provide enough experimental data so that it could be compared with predictions of several proposed frame models of the bam's roof structure. Ultimately a model was chosen that best predicted the axial loads in the truss members based upon the three loading combinations tested. Using this frame model, an assessment of the bam's roof structure could be made.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:34:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-12-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:45:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 arrudafilho_e_dr_guara.pdf: 580295 bytes, checksum: 8e98b919e8a238c1016d115cd4d53224 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho visa constatar a alteração nas freqüências de ressonância de rotores, considerando o efeito da flexibilidade dos discos, bem como o momento fletor aplicado ao eixo devido ao efeito giroscópico. A análise por matriz de transferência é utilizada para obter as freqüências naturais do sistema, considerando-o sem amortecimento, e movimento em órbita circular. Realizou-se uma fase experimental, a fim de se verificar a teoria desenvolvida, bem como observar os modos de vibrar do disco, do eixo, e do sistema disco-eixo, e suas respectivas freqüências naturais. / The main objective of this work is to investigate the resonant frequencies of rotors, taking into account not only the flexibility of the discs, but also the bending moment (due to the gyroscopic effect) applied to the shaft. The theorical analysis is based in the transfer matrix technique. The system was assumed to be undamped with the shaftdisc in circular orbit motion. An experimental work was carried out in order to obtain the mode shapes and the natural frequencies of the disc, shaft, and of the disc-shaft system. A good correlation was observed between the theorical and experimental results. Keywords: resonant frequencies, flexibility of the discs, disc-shaft system, transfer matrix method.

Orientador: Naasson Pereira de Alcântara Junior / Banca: José Carlos Sartoti / Banca: José Alfredo Covolan Ulson / Resumo: Neste trabalho, apresenta-se o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia utilizando redes neurais artificiais, para auxiliar na determinação da freqüência de ressonância no projeto de antenas tipo microfita de equipamentos móveis, tanto para antenas retangulares como para antenas triangulares. Compararam-se modelos deterministas e modelos empíricos baseados em Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) da literatura pesquisada com os modelos apresentados neste trabalho. Apresentam-se modelos empíricos baseados em RNAs tipo Perceptron Multicamadas (PMC). Os modelos propostos também são capazes de serem integrados em um ambiente CAD (Computed Aided Design) para projetar antenas tipo microfita de equipamentos móveis. / Abstract: This work presents the development of models that can be used in the design of microstrip antennas for mobile communications. The antennas can be triangular or rectangular. The presented models are compared with deterministic and empirical models based on artificial neural networks (ANN) presented in the literature. The models are based on Perceptron Multilayer (PML). The models can be embedded in CAD systems, in order to design microstrip antennas for mobile communications. / Mestre

Nesse trabalho é apresentada uma estratégia de controle para manter a potência entregue a carga do link indutivo de um sistema de transferência de potência sem fios maximizada continuamente. Inicialmente, foi desenvolvido o modelo do link indutivo do sistema, de forma a encontrar uma expressão para a potência na carga. Em seguida, essa expressão foi analisada, buscando os pontos de potência máxima correspondentes às frequências ressonantes quando o fator de acoplamento magnético do link indutivo era variado. Assim, foi estabelecido um método para estimar esse fator de acoplamento k e consequentemente da indutância mútua M a partir do monitoramento direto da fase e do módulo da corrente de entrada do link e indireto da impedância de entrada. Portanto, a estratégia de controle proposta consiste em monitorar a corrente da fonte de entrada do link para estimar o fator de acoplamento magnético k e finalmente, sintonizar a fonte na frequência de ressonância associada ao coeficiente de acoplamento magnético pela função obtida fres(k). Os resultados experimentais mostraram que a estratégia proposta aumenta significativamente a potência entregue a carga em comparação a uma fonte de alimentação sintonizada em uma frequência fixa. / A control strategy is presented in this work to maintain the power delivered to a load continuously maximized at the output of a wireless power transfer system. Initially, the inductive link model of the system was developed in order to find an expression for the power delivered to the load. Thus, the maximum power delivered to the load points were obtained experimentally while the magnetic coupling factor of the inductive link was varied and associated with the frequency of the source. The frequency and magnetic coupling variables were related to the maximum power on the load by a simple analytic function. Thus, a method has been established to estimate the coupling factor k and consequently the mutual inductance M by direct monitoring of the phase and the module of the input current of the link and indirect monitoring of the input impedance. Therefore, the proposed control strategy is to monitor the current of the input source of the link to estimate the magnetic coupling factor k and finally to tune the source at the resonance frequencies associated to the magnetic coupling coefficient by the obtained function fres(k). The experimental results showed that the proposed strategy increases significantly the power delivered to the load compared to a power source tuned at a fixed frequency.

Orientador: Celso Pinto Morais Pereira / Banca: José Geraldo Trani Brandão / Banca: Mauro Pedro Peres / Banca: Marcio Tadeu de Almeida / Banca: Carlos Alberto Chaves / Resumo: O presente trabalho visa constatar a alteração nas freqüências de ressonância de rotores, considerando o efeito da flexibilidade dos discos, bem como o momento fletor aplicado ao eixo devido ao efeito giroscópico. A análise por matriz de transferência é utilizada para obter as freqüências naturais do sistema, considerando-o sem amortecimento, e movimento em órbita circular. Realizou-se uma fase experimental, a fim de se verificar a teoria desenvolvida, bem como observar os modos de vibrar do disco, do eixo, e do sistema disco-eixo, e suas respectivas freqüências naturais. / Abstract: The main objective of this work is to investigate the resonant frequencies of rotors, taking into account not only the flexibility of the discs, but also the bending moment (due to the gyroscopic effect) applied to the shaft. The theorical analysis is based in the transfer matrix technique. The system was assumed to be undamped with the shaftdisc in circular orbit motion. An experimental work was carried out in order to obtain the mode shapes and the natural frequencies of the disc, shaft, and of the disc-shaft system. A good correlation was observed between the theorical and experimental results. Keywords: resonant frequencies, flexibility of the discs, disc-shaft system, transfer matrix method. / Doutor

Nesse trabalho é apresentada uma estratégia de controle para manter a potência entregue a carga do link indutivo de um sistema de transferência de potência sem fios maximizada continuamente. Inicialmente, foi desenvolvido o modelo do link indutivo do sistema, de forma a encontrar uma expressão para a potência na carga. Em seguida, essa expressão foi analisada, buscando os pontos de potência máxima correspondentes às frequências ressonantes quando o fator de acoplamento magnético do link indutivo era variado. Assim, foi estabelecido um método para estimar esse fator de acoplamento k e consequentemente da indutância mútua M a partir do monitoramento direto da fase e do módulo da corrente de entrada do link e indireto da impedância de entrada. Portanto, a estratégia de controle proposta consiste em monitorar a corrente da fonte de entrada do link para estimar o fator de acoplamento magnético k e finalmente, sintonizar a fonte na frequência de ressonância associada ao coeficiente de acoplamento magnético pela função obtida fres(k). Os resultados experimentais mostraram que a estratégia proposta aumenta significativamente a potência entregue a carga em comparação a uma fonte de alimentação sintonizada em uma frequência fixa. / A control strategy is presented in this work to maintain the power delivered to a load continuously maximized at the output of a wireless power transfer system. Initially, the inductive link model of the system was developed in order to find an expression for the power delivered to the load. Thus, the maximum power delivered to the load points were obtained experimentally while the magnetic coupling factor of the inductive link was varied and associated with the frequency of the source. The frequency and magnetic coupling variables were related to the maximum power on the load by a simple analytic function. Thus, a method has been established to estimate the coupling factor k and consequently the mutual inductance M by direct monitoring of the phase and the module of the input current of the link and indirect monitoring of the input impedance. Therefore, the proposed control strategy is to monitor the current of the input source of the link to estimate the magnetic coupling factor k and finally to tune the source at the resonance frequencies associated to the magnetic coupling coefficient by the obtained function fres(k). The experimental results showed that the proposed strategy increases significantly the power delivered to the load compared to a power source tuned at a fixed frequency.

Nesse trabalho é apresentada uma estratégia de controle para manter a potência entregue a carga do link indutivo de um sistema de transferência de potência sem fios maximizada continuamente. Inicialmente, foi desenvolvido o modelo do link indutivo do sistema, de forma a encontrar uma expressão para a potência na carga. Em seguida, essa expressão foi analisada, buscando os pontos de potência máxima correspondentes às frequências ressonantes quando o fator de acoplamento magnético do link indutivo era variado. Assim, foi estabelecido um método para estimar esse fator de acoplamento k e consequentemente da indutância mútua M a partir do monitoramento direto da fase e do módulo da corrente de entrada do link e indireto da impedância de entrada. Portanto, a estratégia de controle proposta consiste em monitorar a corrente da fonte de entrada do link para estimar o fator de acoplamento magnético k e finalmente, sintonizar a fonte na frequência de ressonância associada ao coeficiente de acoplamento magnético pela função obtida fres(k). Os resultados experimentais mostraram que a estratégia proposta aumenta significativamente a potência entregue a carga em comparação a uma fonte de alimentação sintonizada em uma frequência fixa. / A control strategy is presented in this work to maintain the power delivered to a load continuously maximized at the output of a wireless power transfer system. Initially, the inductive link model of the system was developed in order to find an expression for the power delivered to the load. Thus, the maximum power delivered to the load points were obtained experimentally while the magnetic coupling factor of the inductive link was varied and associated with the frequency of the source. The frequency and magnetic coupling variables were related to the maximum power on the load by a simple analytic function. Thus, a method has been established to estimate the coupling factor k and consequently the mutual inductance M by direct monitoring of the phase and the module of the input current of the link and indirect monitoring of the input impedance. Therefore, the proposed control strategy is to monitor the current of the input source of the link to estimate the magnetic coupling factor k and finally to tune the source at the resonance frequencies associated to the magnetic coupling coefficient by the obtained function fres(k). The experimental results showed that the proposed strategy increases significantly the power delivered to the load compared to a power source tuned at a fixed frequency.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-10-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:20:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 brinhole_er_me_bauru.pdf: 2082084 bytes, checksum: e9da8790c90b7d67f56ee24ea0858f1c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Cefet - Cornelio Procopio / Neste trabalho, apresenta-se o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia utilizando redes neurais artificiais, para auxiliar na determinação da freqüência de ressonância no projeto de antenas tipo microfita de equipamentos móveis, tanto para antenas retangulares como para antenas triangulares. Compararam-se modelos deterministas e modelos empíricos baseados em Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) da literatura pesquisada com os modelos apresentados neste trabalho. Apresentam-se modelos empíricos baseados em RNAs tipo Perceptron Multicamadas (PMC). Os modelos propostos também são capazes de serem integrados em um ambiente CAD (Computed Aided Design) para projetar antenas tipo microfita de equipamentos móveis. / This work presents the development of models that can be used in the design of microstrip antennas for mobile communications. The antennas can be triangular or rectangular. The presented models are compared with deterministic and empirical models based on artificial neural networks (ANN) presented in the literature. The models are based on Perceptron Multilayer (PML). The models can be embedded in CAD systems, in order to design microstrip antennas for mobile communications.

This paper presents a proposed the modeling of power transformers for high-frequency electromagnetic transients. The application of this model allows the evaluation of the windings behavior against the voltage surges imposed by the electric power system. Besides the model, the required calculations to determine the concentrated and distributed parameters which define the representative circuit are detailed. The calculations were performed for a 25 MVA power transformer, using the data obtained from a technical audit between both client and manufacturer, known as design review. The representation of the equipment for the simulation is realized through a descriptive language, known as netlist. The impossibility of measuring the voltage along the power transformer windings subjected to voltage surges has motivated the development of the proposed model and computer simulation. Aiming to evaluate the potentialities of the developed model, the simulations for the power transformer were performed focusing on the determination of the lightning impulse transient voltage distribution along the windings and fully evaluating the obtained results. Alterations of the studied transformer s project were also addressed, considering the windings traditionally used by the manufacturers. A qualitative comparison between the responses of both power transformers is also presented. / Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de modelagem de um transformador de potência para transitórios eletromagnéticos em altas frequências. O emprego deste modelo possibilita avaliar o comportamento dos enrolamentos frente aos surtos de tensão resultantes de transitórios no sistema elétrico de potência. Além do modelo, são detalhados os cálculos necessários para a determinação dos parâmetros distribuídos e concentrados que definirão o circuito representativo do modelo. Os cálculos foram realizados para um transformador de potência de 25 MVA, a partir dos dados obtidos de uma auditoria técnica entre cliente e fabricante, também conhecida como design review. A representação do modelo do equipamento para a simulação é realizada através de uma linguagem descritiva, netlist. A impossibilidade de medições de tensão ao longo dos enrolamentos do transformador, submetidos a surtos de tensão, motivaram o desenvolvimento do modelo proposto e a sua validação via simulação computacional. Com o objetivo de avaliar as potencialidades do modelo desenvolvido realizaram-se simulações enfatizando a determinação da distribuição das tensões transitórias de impulso atmosférico ao longo dos enrolamentos do transformador, sendo estes resultados avaliados detalhadamente. Também foram abordadas alterações no projeto do transformador estudado, considerando enrolamentos tradicionalmente utilizados pelos fabricantes. É apresentada uma comparação qualitativa entre a resposta do transformador projetado e os estudos de modificação de projeto.

Thesis (PhD (Electical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / Resonant frequencies and Q-factors of microwave ring resonators are predicted using interpolation- based modelling. A robust and efficient multivariate adaptive rational-multinomial combination interpolant is presented. The algorithm models multiple resonance frequencies of a microwave ring resonator simultaneously by solving an eigenmode problem. To ensure a feasible solution when using the Method of Moments, a frequency dependent scaling constant is applied to the output model. This, however, also induces a discontinuous solution space across the specific geometry and requires that the frequency dependence be addressed separately from other physical parameters. One-dimensional adaptive rational Vector Fitting is used to identify and classify resonance frequencies into modes. The geometrical parameter space then models the different mode frequencies using multivariate adaptive multinomial interpolation. The technique is illustrated and evaluated on both two- and three-dimensional input models. Statistical analysis results suggest that models are of a high accuracy even when some resonance frequencies are lost during the frequency identification procedure. A three-point rational interpolant function in the region of resonance is presented for the calculation of loaded quality factors. The technique utilises the already known interpolant coefficients of a Thiele-type continued fraction interpolant, modelling the S-parameter response of a resonator. By using only three of the interpolant coefficients at a time, the technique provides a direct fit and solution to the Q-factors without any additional computational electromagnetic effort. The modelling algorithm is tested and verified for both high- and low-Q resonators. The model is experimentally verified and comparative results to measurement predictions are shown. A disadvantage of the method is that the technique cannot be applied to noisy measurement data and that results become unreliable under low coupling conditions.