Botswanas ekonomiska tillväxt utgör ett sällsynt exempel på ett afrikanskt land som har lyckats använda sina naturtillgångar till att driva på en ekonomisk utveckling och samtidigt minimerat effekterna av den så kallade Holländska sjukan (HS). HS är ett ekonomiskt fenomen som går ut på att en växande sektor som baseras på naturtillgångar skadar landets tillverkningssektor och leder därmed till en indirekt de-industrialisering. Botswanas diamantindustri står för drygt 35% av BNP:n och hela 75% av exportintäkterna vilket gör att landet har en mineralbaserad ekonomi. Detta faktum har gjort landet väldigt intressant för forskning. Aktuell forskning har med hjälp av ekonometriska metoder visat att landets tillverkningssektor har undvikit eller drabbats minimalt av de effekter som HS utgör. Detta tack vare att Botswanas regering aktivt, genom ekonomiska styrmedel som finansieras av diamantindustrin, försöker motarbeta effekterna av HS. Eftersom tidigare makrostudier bygger på kvantitativ data i form av tillväxtsiffror finns det all anledning att vara skeptisk till dess slutsatser eftersom HS-modellen utgår från att staten i detta sammanhang ärneutral. Syftet i denna uppsats är att genom litteraturstudier ta reda på hur de två största tillverkningsindustrierna har påverkats av diamantindustrins tillväxt och de HS-effekter som detta medför. Slutsatserna är att industrierna har påverkats på olika sätt. Textilindustrin har drabbats av the resource movement effect vilket uttrycker sig i form av tillväxtsvårigheter samt minskad konkurrensförmåga. Boskapsindustrin upplever också tillväxtsvårigheter men av den anledningen att priset för kött har ökat på den lokala marknaden tack vare the spending effect. Det går inte att tyda några symptom av the exchange rate effect på vare sig textil- eller boskapsindustrin. Slutsatserna i denna studie skiljer sig från tidigare forskning och kan förklaras i att användning av ekonometriska metoder för att studera HS kan vara missvisande eftersom dessa metoder "luras" av positiva tillväxtsiffror hos tillverkningsindustrierna som till stor del finansieras av den dominerande diamantindustrin.

According to the Dutch Disease core model a boom in natural resources will eventually lead to a shift of production between sectors: from tradable goods to non-tradable goods. The authors found it interesting to research if United Arab Emirates has been a subject to any of the effects caused by the disease, due to the oil boom during the 1970s and the huge development that has appeared in the country. If the United Arab Emirates would be a vic-tim of the disease the decline in exports of the natural resource will result in a decline in the non-oil tradable goods which will affect the country negatively. Furthermore, the disease can also make it more difficult for the country to deal with the problem of high inflation. A time series covering the period 1975-2005 is used to analyse if the United Arab Emirates has experienced symptoms of the disease. Results show that the country has experienced some symptoms of the Dutch Disease during the period 1975-198 since changes in the price of oil caused tradables to shift to the non-tradable sector. Another sign of the disease is the high inflation rate Unite Arab Emirates experienced during the selected period, how-ever high inflation rate could be caused by other factors as well. Furthermore, the larger in-crease in the non-tradable sector compared to the tradable sector is also an indication of the disease in the country. According to these findings the authors can conclude that United Arab Emirates has experienced symptoms of the disease, however, it cannot be concluded that it has been a victim of the disease.

<p>According to the Dutch Disease core model a boom in natural resources will eventually lead to a shift of production between sectors: from tradable goods to non-tradable goods. The authors found it interesting to research if United Arab Emirates has been a subject to any of the effects caused by the disease, due to the oil boom during the 1970s and the huge development that has appeared in the country. If the United Arab Emirates would be a vic-tim of the disease the decline in exports of the natural resource will result in a decline in the non-oil tradable goods which will affect the country negatively. Furthermore, the disease can also make it more difficult for the country to deal with the problem of high inflation. A time series covering the period 1975-2005 is used to analyse if the United Arab Emirates has experienced symptoms of the disease. Results show that the country has experienced some symptoms of the Dutch Disease during the period 1975-198 since changes in the price of oil caused tradables to shift to the non-tradable sector. Another sign of the disease is the high inflation rate Unite Arab Emirates experienced during the selected period, how-ever high inflation rate could be caused by other factors as well. Furthermore, the larger in-crease in the non-tradable sector compared to the tradable sector is also an indication of the disease in the country. According to these findings the authors can conclude that United Arab Emirates has experienced symptoms of the disease, however, it cannot be concluded that it has been a victim of the disease.</p>