This thesis is part of a Swedish Research Council financed project called The School and its Surroundings (Omvärlden och skolan: Vetenskapsrådet, 2005-3440) and is based on a thorough examination of the pedagogical practices that took place in a particular school in a multicultural suburb. A main aim was to analyse these practices and the pupils’ responses to them in relation to descriptions of the school and its needs, attainments and difficulties as provided by the pupils, teachers and others,including the media. The pedagogical practices of the school are based on a particular kind of pedagogy, called Monroe pedagogy. This pedagogy is characterised by strong leadership and places high expectations on pupils. Using ethnographic data, obtained from fieldwork and interviews, and an analysis informed by Bernstein’s theoretical concepts the thesis provides an analysis of the regulation of social interaction in the school and the pupils’ experiences and appreciations of this regulation. As a pedagogical discourse Monroe pedagogy exhibits principles of strong classification and framing (Bernstein, 2003). The thesis is composed of four articles and a kappa. Article one, “Bracketing” backgrounds for an effective school, describes Monroe pedagogy in relation to the school day and pupils’ results. Article two, Pupils’ responses to a saviour pedagogy: An ethnographic study, elaborates on the feedback that pupils at the studied school provide on their education. Article three, The significance of place and pedagogy in an urban multicultural school in Sweden, examines how the location of the school in a ‘multicultural suburb’ is used to attribute deficiencies to pupils and the need for strong leadership and a visible pedagogy. Article four, Complexities and contradictions of educational inclusion: a meta-ethnographic analysis, describes the importance of place for educational expectations and performances in relation to the stigmatisation of the suburban reach and its residents. Collectively the articles depict, principally through an analysis of pupils’ responses, how Riverdale School sells a success concept, based on orderliness, motivation, responsibility and hard work, and how the staff and pupils at the school identify with and believe in this concept. The articles also demonstrate how the pedagogy in use actually fails to become a saviour discourse in practice, as promised, but instead strengthens exclusion and maintains the image of a failing pupil who will be saved from, her-his background and her-his place of residence. / <p>AKADEMISK AVHANDLING som med tillstånd av utbildningsvetenskapliga fakulteten vid Göteborgs universitet för vinnande av doktorsexamen i pedagogiskt arbete framläggs till offentlig granskning fredagen den 6 september, klockan 13.00, M 404, Sandgärdet, Högskolan i Borås.</p>

The present study was designed to test for sequential effects of partial punishment training.

Subjects were presented with choices between stimuli which differed along some dimension.The present study investigates whether a relational or absolute theory best predicts the results in a transposition situation.

The effect of ethanol on the stress response in rats was examined. Experimental animals were given 0.25 ml of 28 percent ethanol or 0.25 ml of water orally once a day, five days a week, for a period of twelve months and were then subjected to fifteen minute cold stress. Corticosterone levels in ethanol-treated males following stress were significantly lower (22 percent) than in the sham group. Adrenal weights in sham-treated females were significantly higher (15 percent) than in the ethanol group at the end of twelve months. Mortality in sham-treated males was significantly higher (60 percent) than in ethanol-treated males. The effects observed may be due to the sedative action of ethanol on cortical centers controlling the hypothalmus.

An American author who is regarded as being a masterful storyteller when it comes to the struggle with immigrant identity is Jhumpa Lahiri. Those who have read her work would most likely agree with me that her texts provide the reader with an intimate and realistic insight into what it is like living between two or several cultures. How does she create this intimacy and feeling of first-hand immigrant experience? One defining feature of Lahiri’s writing is that she leaves many questions unanswered. In other words, there is an endless amount of “gaps” in her texts that it is up to the reader to fill with meaning. This is, from my point of view, an experience very true to life as there are many questions in life we can begin to attempt to answer. Along the journey towards finding an answer, you realize that you have simply ended up with even more questions unanswered. As Lahiri’s writing contains so much ambiguity, the text invites the reader to actively search for alternative interpretations, which is also a feature of this essay.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MSc (Dent) / A comparison of radiation doses to selected vital organs in the maxillo-facial region at three different settings on the Galileos cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) machine in the Wits Dental Hospital, was conducted with the courtesy of the Department of Medical Physics of the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. The study made use of the RANDO phantom and TLD- 100 detector chips, which provided detailed mapping of the dose distribution from the Galileos CBCT machine. Sixty-two Sanford® lithium fluoride dosimeters- (TLD- 100) were irradiated using a calibrated known x-ray source after having undergone a recommended annealing cycle. The data showed great consistency in the results. Association between the different imaging modalities was further investigated using Kruskal-Wallis equality-of-populations rank test and Chi-squared test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Since there do not appear to be major differences between the radiation doses for the different settings of the Galileos CBCT machine, the author recommends the use of the combined setting at all times for optimum image quality.

Degree of Master of Science in Dentistry by coursework and dissertation A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Health Sciences. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry Johannesburg, 2014 / Introduction: Dental Cone beam CT has encountered great success in diagnostics and treatment planning in dentistry. However, it makes use of ionizing radiation. Lots of concern on the effects of x-rays on vital organs of the head and neck region has been raised. Clarity on the amount of radiation received on these specific organs will be a contribution to a better use of the emergent technology. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the potential dose of radiation received on the eye and thyroid and to quantify the amount of potential scatter on the gonads during CBCT examinations. Material and Methods: Calibrated Lithium- Fluoride thermoluminescent dosimeters were inserted inside an anthropomorphic phantom, on sites of the eye, thyroid and the gonads. After its submission to a CBCT examination, using the high and standard resolution for a similar scanning protocol, the dose of radiation received on each organ was calculated according to the ICRP guidelines. Results: An equivalent dose of 0.059 mGy was calculated for the eye. Compared to the threshold dose of 0.5 Gy fixed by the ICRP 2007, this can be considered as relatively low. The thyroid with an effective dose of 23.5 μSv represented 20% of the full body effective dose existing in literature. The gonads absorbed an effective dose of 0.05 μSv, which was considered as negligible. Conclusion: The doses calculated were considered as relatively low. However, dentists must be aware of risks of cumulative exposure. Therefore adherence to the ALARA principle and consideration of clinical indication for CBCT remain a priority.

Faculty of Arts School of Humanities 0400617v mosmakoso@yahoo.com Degree of master housing / The aim of the study was to investigate, how Welkom council is responding to street homelessness in Welkom. The democratic government adopted, the Reconstruction and Development Programme, as an integrated socio-economic policy framework, to mobilize national, and human resources, towards a sustainable housing for urban, and rural poor. However, despite, the government’s concerted commitment to providing massive housing for its citizens, the problem of homelessness, remains pervasive. Three themes, which emerged as critical during the study, are discussed in detail, namely, lack of housing policy, addressing specifically street homelessness; lack of financial and legal mandate, by the local council, to house street homelessness; and lack of research department, and human resources for effective conceptualization of the issue. It is argued that the department of research is critical in providing strategic research facilities, in areas of housing policy, and legislation frameworks. Equally critical, is the need for skilled human resources, necessary for strategic and holistic provision of efficient and effective services. The study suggests complete overhaul of the national housing policy making it holistically inclusive. Equally suggested, is capacity building necessary for sustainable, efficient, and effective housing delivery and eradication of homelessness.

Ebola viruses cause sever disease in humans and non-human primates. The resulting disease, Ebola virus disease (EVD), can have hemorrhagic manifestations and has mortality rates ranging from 20-90%. There is a strong need for better understanding of the disease as well as improved diagnostics and prognostics. One approach to improving diagnostic and prognostics for severe viral diseases such as EVD is to define how the host response to infection develops and produces indicators of disease and outcome. To create a better means to understand if a patient is likely to survive or succumb to Ebola (EBOV) infection, I have sought to develop an understanding of the host response to EBOV infection in humans from the recent outbreak. I analyzed RNA-Seq samples from the 2013-2016 West Africa outbreak. I identified that the innate immune pathways are in general over activated in EVD and is stronger in patients who succumbed to disease. Furthermore, I developed a set of 10 genes that can perform as a prognostic indicator of disease independent of the viral load. This is the first demonstration that the circulating transcriptional immune response to EBOV infection can be used to predict infection outcome. To work towards a diagnostic platform of disease, I analyzed multiple studies of time-resolved datasets in animal models of disease. I analyzed RNA-Seq and NanoString data coupled with telemetry data in EBOV-challenged macaques. The earliest and strongest changes seen in the pre-symptomatic stage of disease is the up-regulation of many innate immune genes. I used this information to develop a NanoString codeset that can act as a pre-symptomatic indicator of disease that was tested in further animal studies as a diagnostic in pre-symptomatic stages of disease. Together, this work has identified a sets of genes that can work as a diagnostic for pre-symptomatic patients of EBOV and act as a prognostic indicators of disease. In future outbreaks, this type of information will be important to help track primary contacts of infected individuals and first responders, as well as better inform clinical management of patients. This lays the groundwork for similar analysis to be performed on other severe viral diseases such as Lassa Fever and Marburg Fever. / 2019-11-27T00:00:00Z

The type of Atlantic salmon immune response to amoebic gill disease was investigated by analysis of cytokine genes possibly related to the TH1, TH17 and Treg pathways, which were significantly down regulated, while il-4/13 isoforms, possibly related to the TH2 pathway, were found to be significantly up regulated. Moreover, the injection of Atlantic salmon with rIfn-γ, which might initiate the TH1 immune pathway, did not reduce infection load of Paramoeba perurans or severity of gill pathology in challenged fish. Different arginase isoforms present in salmonids were also characterised and the data supported the concept that arginase type II may be a more relevant marker of alterantive activate macrophages in teleost fish induced by rIl-4/13. Regarding the biology of P. perurans, the susceptibility of amoebae to different environmental conditions showed that amoebae exposed to salinities lower than 3 ppt were disrupted or did not recover after 16 days, while all amoebae cultures showed a significant difference between the two temperatures (10°C and 15°C) studied over time. Significant differences were also found in relative abundance of the 30 most prevalent bacterial genera present in the isolated P. perurans cultures (16S rRNA). The impact of stress on the host response to AGD was tested for the presence of an association between temperature (10°C and 15°C) and variation in severity of AGD in Atlantic salmon. This association was demonstrated for the histopathology and P. perurans load analysis, reflecting an earlier and stronger AGD infection at the higher temperature (15°C) treatment. No significant difference between the two temperature treatments was shown in hormonal and molecular responses. Therefore, temperature might not act as a chronic stressor but its effect could be linked to the higher amoebae attachment seen at higher temperatures in the in vitro experiment reported.