The goal of this work was to develop metamodels of the MDO framework piMDO and provide new research in metamodeling strategies. The theory of existing metamodels is presented and implementation details are given. A new trust region scheme --- metamodel trust region optimization (MTRO) --- was developed. This method uses a progressive level of minimum validity in order to reduce the number of sample points required for the optimization process. Higher levels of validity require denser point distributions, but the reducing size of the region during the optimization process mitigates an increase the number of points required. New metamodeling strategies include: inherited optimal latin hypercube sampling, hybrid latin hypercube sampling, and kriging with BFGS. MTRO performs better than traditional trust region methods for single discipline problems and is competitive against other MDO architectures when used with a CSSO algorithm. Advanced metamodeling methods proved to be inefficient in trust region methods.

Orientador: Roberto Herminio Moretti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T17:21:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tomikawa_MariMatsuoka_M.pdf: 1329078 bytes, checksum: 42c41def14ca408db9e99f7b1e8bcddd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Produtos comerciais a base de extrato hidrossolúvel de soja em combinação com sucos de frutas têm obtido êxito no mercado, como alternativa proteica com benefícios funcionais. No entanto, a quantidade de proteína de soja nessas associações é relativamente baixa no mercado nacional, de 0,6 a 3,0%. O presente trabalho constituiu no desenvolvimento uma sobremesa a base de soja com características semelhantes aos queijos petit suisse, com teor de proteína de soja acima dos produtos a base de extrato hidrossolúvel de soja combinados com sucos de frutas encontrados hoje no mercado brasileiro, e com características sensoriais aceitas pelo consumidor. As sobremesas de soja foram desenvolvidas a partir da coagulação do extrato hidrossolúvel de soja sulfato de cálcio (CaSO4.2H2O) em concentrações de variando de 0,25 a 1%, acréscimo de goma guar em concentrações de 0,02 a 0,2% e ajuste de pH (4,0 a 4,4) com ácido lático 85%. O efeito dessas variáveis foi avaliado sobre a composição física e química, o conteúdo de cálcio, o rendimento em proteína e a firmeza das sobremesas de soja obtidas nos ensaios experimentais. Todas as variáveis foram influenciadas significativamente (p=0,05) pela concentração de CaSO4.2H2O. O teor de sólidos totais e o conteúdo de cálcio elevaram-se com o aumento da concentração de coagulante. O teor de proteína e lipídios e a firmeza apresentaram forte correlação entre si, com tendência crescente com o aumento da concentração de CaSO4.2H2O até 0,88%, seguido de um declínio dos valores dessas variáveis com o acréscimo de coagulante até 1% CaSO4.2H2O. Somente a acidez foi influenciada significativamente pelo pH, e a interação do pH com a goma guar teve efeito negativo significativo no rendimento em proteína. Nem a goma guar nem as outras interações das variáveis independentes tiveram influência significativa sobre as variáveis dependentes. Os ensaios escolhidos para a avaliação sensorial, pela composição físico-química e qualidade aparente que apresentaram, foram o ensaio com 0,88% CaSO4.2H2O; 0,05% goma guar e pH 4,3 (ensaio 6), e o ensaio com 0,63% CaSO4.2H2O, 0,02% goma guar e pH 4,2 (ensaio 11). As amostras diferiram significativamente somente no atributo 'textura', sendo o ensaio 6 mais aceito sensorialmente pelos provadores, caracterizando-se como a melhor formulação para o desenvolvimento da sobremesa de soja tipo petit suisse, dentro dos limites experimentais / Abstract: Commercial products produced from soymilk in combination with fruit juices has been successful in the market, being an alternative protein source with functional benefits. However, protein content in these soybean associations is relatively low in the national market, about 0.6 to 3.0%. The present study was the development of a soy-based dessert with similar features of petit suisse cheeses, with higher soy-protein content than the products from soymilk in combination with fruit juices found actually in the brazilian market, and with acceptable sensory characteristics by the consumer. The soy desserts were made from soymilk coagulation with calcium sulphate concentrations (CaSO4.2H2O) ranging from 0.25 to 1%, with addition of guar gum at 0.02 to 0.2% concentrations and pH correction (4.0 to 4.4) with lactic acid 85%. The effect of these variables CaSO4.2H2O, guar gum and pH) were evaluated on the physical and chemical composition, the calcium content, the protein recovery (yield in protein) and the firmness of the soy desserts obtained from the experimental trials. All variables were significantly influenced (p = 0.05) by the concentration of CaSO4.2H2O. The total solids and calcium content increased with increasing coagulant concentration. The protein and lipids content and the firmness, showed a strong relationship between them. The protein content and the firmness trend was toward an increase with increasing concentration of CaSO4.2H2O up to 0.88%, followed by a descrease at 1% CaSO4.2H2O. Only the titrable acidity was affected by pH. The pH and guar gum interaction had significant negative effect on yield in protein. Neither guar gum nor any other interactions of the independent variables, had significant influence on the dependent variables. The tests chosen for the sensory evaluation, by the physico-chemical composition and better quality apparent, were the test with CaSO4.2H2O, 0.05% guar gum and pH 4.3 (test 6), and the test with 0.63% CaSO4.2H2O, 0.02% guar gum and pH 4.2 (test 11). The samples showed difference only on the attribute of 'texture', with test 6 being the most accepted test for the sensory panelists, electing it as the best formulation for the development of soybean dessert like petit suisse cheese, within the experimental limits / Mestrado / Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos

Orientador: Daniel Barrera-Arellano / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:26:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FilletiJunior_Waldomiro_D.pdf: 2256473 bytes, checksum: a4d5c2dac7243338b34b3de5e93ffedc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Nos últimos anos houve um crescente interesse por alimentos mais saudáveis e também por produtos com baixo teor de gordura, um segmento novo na indústria de alimentos, impulsionado, principalmente, por uma nova consciência do consumidor que deseja melhor qualidade de vida, consumir produtos naturais e mais saudáveis. A tendência será a de se encontrar métodos mais ¿naturais¿ de processar óleos e gorduras. Os lipídios estruturados podem apresentar a solução para a obtenção de uma gordura ¿saudável¿, desvinculada da associação com obesidade e doenças coronárias. Assim, a hidrogenação e a interesterificação, que são processos químicos largamente utilizados atualmente na indústria de óleos (tidos como artificiais ou não naturais) poderiam ser substituídos por processos enzimáticos, que são considerados ¿naturais¿. Os lipídios estruturados também mostram sua importância no campo da medicina e nutrição, como em fórmulas para bebês prematuros (similar ao leite materno) e em produtos para nutrição enteral e parenteral (para pacientes com necessidades especiais de nutrição). Também podem ser utilizados em alimentos voltados para esportistas, que necessitam de uma fonte de energia rápida e ao mesmo tempo usufruir os benefícios à saúde dos ácidos graxos poliinsaturados de cadeia longa. Neste trabalho foi realizada a otimização, por metodologia de superfície de resposta, da síntese de lipídios estruturados a partir da gordura de ucuúba (Virola sebifera) rica em ácido mirístico e ésteres etílicos de óleo de canola (com alto teor de ácido oléico) e de óleo de algas (com alto teor de ácido docosahexaenóico ¿ DHA), utilizando-se as lipases sn-1,3-específica do Rhizomucor miehei (IM 60) e a não específica SP435 (Candida antarctica). As faixas ótimas das condições das reações enzimáticas com IM60, foram de 50 a 61ºC, 12 a 33 h de tempo de reação, % enzima/substrato 5 a 7% e razão molar gordura:éster etílico 1:6 e 1:8 para uma incorporação de 51% de ácido oléico no lipídio estruturado. Para as reações com SP435, para uma incorporação de cerca de 27% de DHA, a faixa de temperatura ótima foi de 45 a 54ºC, tempo de reação >22h, % enzima/substrato 6,5% e razão molar gordura:éster etílico 1:7 / Abstract: There has been a growing interest in healthier foods and also in products with low fat content recently. It¿s a new segment, in the industry of foods, impelled, mainly, by a new conscience of the consumers, that they want a better life quality, and to consume natural and healthier products. The trend will be the one of finding "more natural" methods of processing oils and fats. The structured lipids can be the way to find "healthy" fats and to disentail their association with obesity and coronary illnesses. Thus the hydrogenation and the interesterification, that are chemical processes broadly used now in the industry of oils (considered as artificial or not natural) could be substituted by enzymatic processes, that are considered ¿natural¿. The structured lipids also show their importance in the field of the medicine and nutrition, as in formulas for premature babies (trying to imitate the maternal milk) and in products for enteral and parenteral nutrition (for patients with special needs of nutrition). They can also be used in foods directed to sportsmen, which need a fast source of energy and at the same time to enjoy the benefits to the health of the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this work the synthesis of structured lipids were accomplished starting from the ucuúba oil (Virola sebifera) rich in miristic acid, canola oil ( high in oleic acid) and algae oil (high in Docosahexaenoic - DHA fatty acid), using the lipases sn-1,3-specific of Rhizomucor miehei (IM 60) and the non-specific SP435 (Candida antarctica). The optimum ranges of the enzymatic reaction parameters with IM60 were 50 to 61oC, 12 to 33h o reaction time, % enzyme / substrate from 5 to 7% and molar ratio of 1:6 and 1:8 to incorporate 51% of oleic acid in the structured lipid. For the reactions with SP435, for an incorporation of 27% DHA, the optimum range of temperature was from 45 to 54oC, reaction time>22h, % enzyme/substrate 6.5% and molar ratio 1:7 / Doutorado / Tecnologia de Alimentos / Doutor em Tecnologia de Alimentos

Quality by Design (QbD) is a systematic approach that has been recommended as suitable for the development of quality pharmaceutical products. The QbD approach commences with the definition of a quality target drug profile and predetermined objectives that are then used to direct the formulation development process with an emphasis on understanding the pharmaceutical science and manufacturing principles that apply to a product. The design space is directly linked to the use of QbD for formulation development and is a multidimensional combination and interaction of input variables and process parameters that have been demonstrated to provide an assurance of quality. The objective of these studies was to apply the principles of QbD as a framework for the optimisation of a sustained release (SR) formulation of salbutamol sulphate (SBS), and for the establishment of a design space using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). SBS is a short-acting ♭₂ agonist that is used for the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The use of a SR formulation of SBS may provide clinical benefits in the management of these respiratory disorders. Ashtalin®8 ER (Cipla Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India) was selected as a reference formulation for use in these studies. An Ishikawa or Cause and Effect diagram was used to determine the impact of formulation and process factors that have the potential to affect product quality. Key areas of concern that must be monitored include the raw materials, the manufacturing equipment and processes, and the analytical and assessment methods employed. The conditions in the laboratory and manufacturing processes were carefully monitored and recorded for any deviation from protocol, and equipment for assessment of dosage form performance, including dissolution equipment, balances and hardness testers, underwent regular maintenance. Preliminary studies to assess the potential utility of Methocel® Kl OOM, alone and in combination with other matrix forming polymers, revealed that the combination of this polymer with xanthan gum and Carbopol® has the potential to modulate the release of SBS at a specific rate, for a period of 12 hr. A central composite design using Methocel® KlOOM, xanthan gum, Carbopol® 974P and Surelease® as the granulating fluid was constructed to fully evaluate the impact of these formulation variables on the rate and extent of SBS release from manufactured formulations. The results revealed that although Methocel® KlOOM and xanthan gum had the greatest retardant effect on drug release, interactions between the polymers used in the study were also important determinants of the measureable responses. An ANN model was trained for optimisation using the data generated from a central composite study. The efficiency of the network was optimised by assessing the impact of the number of nodes in the hidden layer using a three layer Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP). The results revealed that a network with nine nodes in the hidden layer had the best predictive ability, suitable for application to formulation optimisation studies. Pharmaceutical optimisation was conducted using both the RSM and the trained ANN models. The results from the two optimisation procedures yielded two different formulation compositions that were subjected to in vitro dissolution testing using USP Apparatus 3. The results revealed that, although the formulation compositions that were derived from the optimisation procedures were different, both solutions gave reproducible results for which the dissolution profiles were indeed similar to that of the reference formulation. RSM and ANN were further investigated as possible means of establishing a design space for formulation compositions that would result in dosage forms that have similar in vitro release test profiles comparable to the reference product. Constraint plots were used to determine the bounds of the formulation variables that would result in the manufacture of dosage forms with the desired release profile. ANN simulations with hypothetical formulations that were generated within a small region of the experimental domain were investigated as a means of understanding the impact of varying the composition of the formulation on resultant dissolution profiles. Although both methods were suitable for the establishment of a design space, the use of ANN may be better suited for this purpose because of the manner in which ANN handles data. As more information about the behaviour of a formulation and its processes is generated during the product Iifecycle, ANN may be used to evaluate the impact of formulation and process variables on measureable responses. It is recommended that ANN may be suitable for the optimisation of pharmaceutical formulations and establishment of a design space in line with ICH Pharmaceutical Development [1], Quality Risk Management [2] and Pharmaceutical Quality Systems [3]

Dans certains domaines de la formulation, comme la cosmétique, les phénomènes étudiés peuvent être très chaotiques avec des zones de rupture ou de non linéarité. Dans ce cas, le formulateur doit se poser de nombreuses questions avant de proposer la stratégie expérimentale optimale qui doit être adaptée au mieux à son problème. Pour de tels phénomènes, des plans d'expériences classiques, tels que les réseaux de Scheffé ou les plans D-optimaux, se révèlent insuffisants car les points expérimentaux ne couvrent pas uniformément l'espace expérimental. En effet, il est intéressant dans ces cas d'étude d'explorer l'ensemble du domaine expérimental et de répartir uniformément les points dans l'espace. Pour cela, les plans uniformes ou Space-Filling Designs (SFD), fréquemment utilisés dans le cas de variables orthogonales, mais très peu dans le cas des variables de mélange, sont particulièrement intéressants. L'objectif de cette thèse est d’adapter des algorithmes de construction de plans uniformes dans le cas de plans de mélanges, de proposer des règles simples pour aider au choix de la nature et du nombre de points du plan d'expériences de mélange / In some domains of formulation, as cosmetics, the phenomena can be very chaotic with discontinuities or not linear zones. In the cosmetic field, the formulator has to propose the optimal experimental strategy which must be well adapted to the constraints imposed by the experimenters. For such phenomena, classical designs of experiments, such as Scheffé simplexes lattices or the D-optimal designs, are proving insufficient because the experimental points do not uniformly cover the experimental space. Indeed, it is essential in these studies to explore the whole experimental domain and to uniformly distribute points in the space. For that purpose, the Space-Filling Designs (SFD), frequently used in the case of orthogonal variables, but less in the case of the mixture variables, are particularly interesting. The objective of this thesis is to adapt the algorithms for construction of uniform designs in the case of mixture designs and to propose guidelines for the choice of the nature and the number of points of the experimental design

Statistical research can be more difficult to plan than other kinds of projects, since the research must adapt as knowledge is gained. This dissertation establishes a formal language and methodology for designing experimental research strategies with limited resources. It is a mathematically rigorous extension of a sequential and adaptive form of statistical research called response surface methodology. It uses sponsor-given information, conditions, and resource constraints to decompose an overall project into individual stages. At each stage, a "parent" decision-maker determines what design of experimentation to do for its stage of research, and adapts to the feedback from that research's potential "children", each of whom deal with a different possible state of knowledge resulting from the experimentation of the "parent". The research of this dissertation extends the real-world rigor of the statistical field of design of experiments to develop an deterministic, adaptive algorithm that produces deterministically generated, reproducible, testable, defendable, adaptive, resource-constrained multi-stage experimental schedules without having to spend physical resource.

No description available.

Neste trabalho, é apresentado um modelo de otimização acoplado à confiabilidade para a análise de estruturas de barras de concreto armado, de modo que a confiabilidade é adicionada ao processo de otimização como uma restrição. O modelo mecânico permite a consideração da não-linearidade física para o concreto e para o aço, além de levar em conta os efeitos não-lineares geométricos. Esse modelo é utilizado para gerar as respostas mecânicas da estrutura, traduzidas em forma de cargas últimas para os estados limites. Os cenários de falha, na análise probabilística, são descritos pelo esmagamento do concreto e deformação excessiva da armadura para o estado limite último. O estado limite de utilização é verificado para o caso de deslocamentos excessivos dos pontos da estrutura. A função de estado limite é construída com o emprego do método das superfícies de respostas para a determinação do índice de confiabilidade e probabilidade de falha considerando somente o modo mais provável ou primeiro modo de falha. Os processos de otimização e confiabilidade são acoplados de maneira independente gerando um sistema de equações aproximadas resolvido analiticamente. A metodologia de otimização empregada é a minimização da função de custo da estrutura. O modelo acoplado de otimização e confiabilidade é empregado para análise de vigas de concreto armado. As técnicas desenvolvidas, no âmbito da modelagem de estruturas e confiabilidade, também permitem a análise mecânico-probabilística de pórticos planos de concreto armado / In this work, a reliability based optimization model is proposed for the analysis of reinforced concrete structures, in which the reliability index is introduced as a constraint. The mechanical model allows to consider the physical non-linearity of the concrete and steel materials, as well as the geometrical non-linear effects. The mechanical model is used to find the structure limit loads. The failure scenarios for the probabilistic analysis are characterized by the concrete ultimate strains in the compressed region of the section and the steel ultimate tensile strains in the reinforcement position. The serviceability limit state is verified for the excessive displacements for the structure bars. The limit state function is build by using the response surface method, computing the reliability index and the failure probability only considering the first failure mode. The optimization and reliability processes are independents built leading two different system of equations that are coupled together to find the final solution. The material cost of the structure was adopted as the objective function to be minimized for the optimization process. The proposed coupled optimization-reliability process is employed to analyse reinforced concrete beams. The developed procedure in the context of reliabilty methods and reinforced concrete structures analysis can also be applied for reliability analysis of reinforced concrete frames

Neste trabalho, é apresentado um modelo de otimização acoplado à confiabilidade para a análise de estruturas de barras de concreto armado, de modo que a confiabilidade é adicionada ao processo de otimização como uma restrição. O modelo mecânico permite a consideração da não-linearidade física para o concreto e para o aço, além de levar em conta os efeitos não-lineares geométricos. Esse modelo é utilizado para gerar as respostas mecânicas da estrutura, traduzidas em forma de cargas últimas para os estados limites. Os cenários de falha, na análise probabilística, são descritos pelo esmagamento do concreto e deformação excessiva da armadura para o estado limite último. O estado limite de utilização é verificado para o caso de deslocamentos excessivos dos pontos da estrutura. A função de estado limite é construída com o emprego do método das superfícies de respostas para a determinação do índice de confiabilidade e probabilidade de falha considerando somente o modo mais provável ou primeiro modo de falha. Os processos de otimização e confiabilidade são acoplados de maneira independente gerando um sistema de equações aproximadas resolvido analiticamente. A metodologia de otimização empregada é a minimização da função de custo da estrutura. O modelo acoplado de otimização e confiabilidade é empregado para análise de vigas de concreto armado. As técnicas desenvolvidas, no âmbito da modelagem de estruturas e confiabilidade, também permitem a análise mecânico-probabilística de pórticos planos de concreto armado / In this work, a reliability based optimization model is proposed for the analysis of reinforced concrete structures, in which the reliability index is introduced as a constraint. The mechanical model allows to consider the physical non-linearity of the concrete and steel materials, as well as the geometrical non-linear effects. The mechanical model is used to find the structure limit loads. The failure scenarios for the probabilistic analysis are characterized by the concrete ultimate strains in the compressed region of the section and the steel ultimate tensile strains in the reinforcement position. The serviceability limit state is verified for the excessive displacements for the structure bars. The limit state function is build by using the response surface method, computing the reliability index and the failure probability only considering the first failure mode. The optimization and reliability processes are independents built leading two different system of equations that are coupled together to find the final solution. The material cost of the structure was adopted as the objective function to be minimized for the optimization process. The proposed coupled optimization-reliability process is employed to analyse reinforced concrete beams. The developed procedure in the context of reliabilty methods and reinforced concrete structures analysis can also be applied for reliability analysis of reinforced concrete frames

A framework is proposed that combines separately developed multidisciplinary optimization, multi-objective optimization, and joint probability assessment methods together but in a decoupled way, to solve joint probabilistic constraint, multi-objective, multidisciplinary optimization problems that are representative of realistic conceptual design problems of design alternative generation and selection. The intent here is to find the Weak Pareto Frontier (WPF) solutions that include additional compromised solutions besides the ones identified by a conventional Pareto frontier. This framework starts with constructing fast and accurate surrogate models of different disciplinary analyses. A new hybrid method is formed that consists of the second order Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the Support Vector Regression (SVR) method. The three parameters needed by SVR to be pre-specified are automatically selected using a modified information criterion based on model fitting error, predicting error, and model complexity information. The model predicting error is estimated inexpensively with a new method called Random Cross Validation. This modified information criterion is also used to select the best surrogate model for a given problem out of the RSM, SVR, and the hybrid methods. A new neighborhood search method based on Monte Carlo simulation is proposed to find valid designs that satisfy the deterministic constraints and are consistent for the coupling variables featured in a multidisciplinary design problem, and at the same time decouple the three loops required by the multidisciplinary, multi-objective, and probabilistic features. Two schemes have been developed. One scheme finds the WPF by finding a large enough number of valid design solutions such that some WPF solutions are included in those valid solutions. Another scheme finds the WPF by directly finding the WPF of each consistent design zone. Then the probabilities of the PCs are estimated, and the WPF and corresponding design solutions are found. Various examples demonstrate the feasibility of this framework.