Restorative Justice (RJ) is an approach to justice which most often centres around creating a shared dialogue between stakeholders in a given offence. It is often contrasted with traditional criminal justice due to its focus on the personal involvement of those who have been directly impacted by the harm. Popular models of RJ include various types of mediation, conferencing, and circles, each with a slightly different approach toward reaching a settlement between stakeholders. Some of the main goals of RJ highlighted in the criminological literature include healing, reparation, and community-building. However, because of its nature as a diverse and contested subject over the past several decades, there are numerous understandings of RJ. Due to this frequent difficulty in defining and understanding RJ, this thesis attempts to provide some grounding on the subject through the document analysis of four Canadian RJ programs. RJ program documentation was analyzed in order to discover how these programs portray their “services” to the public. Results showed that many of the most prominent themes in the programs were also present in the literature. However, a more important facet of the discussion emerged with further analysis. Using a perspective of governmentalist versus communitarian RJ, the programs were compared to discover that the way in which a program presents itself in online documentation surely does not always encapsulate its core nature in terms of judicial, legal, and correctional involvement. Simply put, a verbal commitment to distancing oneself from the ways of the traditional criminal justice system does not necessarily signify a lack of involvement as it would suggest.

Resin based composite is currently one of the most popular dental restoratives. Used as a direct restorative material, it displays many beneficial properties such as excellent micromechanical bonding to enamel, polishability and aesthetics. Despite many advances in dentine bonding agents, dentine bonding remains problematic with microleakage and recurrent caries, being frequent clinical sequelae. The open sandwich technique was developed to overcome two problems: deficient bonding of resin composites to dentine, and inadequate strength and fracture toughness of conventional glass-ionomers (GI). GI displayed excellent cavity sealing abilities by virtue of their chemical adhesion to tooth structure. Resin-modified glass-ionomers (RMGI) were developed to improve on the weaknesses of conventional GI during early setting i.e. setting rate, water sensitivity and strength. Recently literature has reported the use of ultrasonic activation to set conventional GI, opening the possibility of improving the initial properties of the material and suitability for use in the open sandwich technique. The aim of this study was to compare microleakage of Ketac Molar, Ketac Molar set by ultrasound (US), Vitremer and Ketac N100 used in the open sandwich technique, with the control of a resin based composite, Filtek Z250. Two hundred Class II cavities were prepared in a hundred caries free, human, molar teeth, with half of the cervical margins placed apical and the rest coronal to the cemento-enamel junction. For each material, twenty restorations were placed for each cervical position. The sandwich materials were placed to fill the interproximal box level with the pulpal floor, and a final two layers of resin composite was then placed to complete the restoration. Restored teeth were stored in a laboratory oven for 7 days at 37 °C; margins were then finished initially with a medium grit Sof-Lex disc and finally with a fine diamond drill. Material groups were separated into two halfs to commence microleakage testing or thermocycling. Thermocycling was conducted for 500 cycles between 5 °C and 55 °C, with a dwell time of 30 seconds. Restored teeth were then covered with nail varnish around the restoration margins, and immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin solution for 24 hours. They were then cleaned, embedded in clear self-curing acrylic and sectioned 3 times with an Accutom-2 precision saw, at 2 mm intervals. Sections were evaluated using a light microscope under 4 time’s magnification and microleakage scores given as: 0 = no leakage; 1 = < ½; 2 = > ½ distance to the axial wall/pulpal floor; 3 = leakage up to axial wall/pulpal floor. Statistical analysis was undertaken using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for the cervical and occlusal microleakage scores; p-values <0.05 were considered significant. The cervical microleakage results of cavity margins in dentine showed that Ketac Molar (US) performed better than Ketac Molar, and Ketac N100 performed better than Vitremer. Results in enamel showed no significant differences. The use of the open sandwich technique effectively reduced microleakage of cervical cavity margins placed in dentine but failed to reduce occlusal microleakage of Filtek Z250. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc(Odont))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Odontology / unrestricted

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Introduction: Coronal microleakage caused by temporary restorative materials is viewed as one of the reasons for endodontic failure. Efforts have been made in recent years to create a temporary restorative material capable of preventing that problem. Objective: Compare in vitro coronal microleakage of an "experimental cement" and four temporary restorative materials used in endodontics. Methods: Class I cavities were made in 90 premolar teeth divided into 10 groups (n= 9) and evaluated at two time periods (1 and 2 weeks). The "experimental cement" was prepared and then coronal sealing of the teeth was performed with the experimental Cement, F (VOCO), Eugenato (MOYCO), Ketac™ Molar Easymix 3M (ESPE) and Coltosol® F. The pieces were submerged in India ink (Pelikan)for 1 and 2 weeks. Microleakage was evaluated on the interface dentin wall / temporary restoration using a stereo microscope (Leica Microsystems LAS EZ version 2.0.0). Measurement was made in millimeters using the software LAS EZ version 2.0.0. Results: Statistically significant differences were found (p< 0.05) when comparing coronal microleakage in the five temporary restorative materials according to exposure time in ink (1 and 2 weeks). Conclusions: The experimental cement had less microleakage than Coltosol® F and Ketac™ Molar EasyMix 3M (ESPE). However, none of the four materials was capable of completely preventing microleakage. / Revisión por pares

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / Many books, articles and reviews of this aspect of restorative dentistry have been published. An attempt has been made to correlate all the relevant material in order that a comprehensive review of most of the published literature could be presented under one cover. It is possible that certain aspects have been omitted, this would not have been deliberate but in a review of this nature every published article may not have been attainable.

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / Restorative systems classified as polyacid modified composite resins, or compomers, have appeared on the market. An example of this is Dyract AP. Dyract AP must be used with the Prime & Bond NT bonding system. Prime & Bond NT can be applied without any form of prior etching, or it can be applied after application of Non Rinse Conditioner, or it can be applied after etching with 36% phosphoric acid. The purpose of the study was to determine the qualitative microleakage of Dyract AP and its bonding systems, as well as the influence of saliva contamination there of. Freshly extracted, non-carious, human premolars were randomly divided into 8 groups of 18 teeth each. Apiseetomies coated with Polivar varnish and restored with amalgam were performed on all teeth. Class V type cavities of 3 mm diameter and 1,5 mm depth were prepared on the CEJ junction on the buccal side of all teeth. Dyract AP restorations were placed using the bonding procedures indicated: Group 1: P&B NT (Prime & Bond NT); group 2: acid (36% phosphoric acid) + P&B NT; group 3: NRC (Non Rinse Conditioner) + P&B NT; group 4: P&B NT + Saliva; group 5: acid + Saliva + P&B NT; group 6: acid + P&B NT + Saliva; group 7: NRC + Saliva + P&B NT; group 8: NRC + P&B NT + Saliva. Restorations were finished with Sof-Lex discs. After 24 hours storage in distilled water the teeth were removed and coated with two layers of nail varnish, except for 1 mm around the restorations. The teeth were then thermocycled in a 0.5% basic fuchsin solution for 500 complete cycles between 8°C and 50°C, with a dwell time of 15 seconds.

No description available.

With the intensification of contemporary urbanization, an increasing number of people are living and working in high-density urban environments. The importance of a good indoor environment for human psychology and health is increasingly evident, so researchers are paying more attention to the impact of indoor environments on human health and well-being. This article first extensively searches and organizes theories related to lighting, natural sounds, and indoor environments. Based on this, a mixed method combining qualitative and quantitative research is used to investigate the effects of combining lighting and natural sounds on emotions and productivity. This study intends to provide a scientific basis for the future design of more restorative indoor environments. Finally, the data analysis of the experimental results shows that the environment combined with cool light and natural sound is more helpful in improving people's well-being, restoring people's emotions, and improving people's attention and work efficiency.

no

Thesis (M.A.)--Carleton University, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-96). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

No description available.