Pour des raisons historiques, la Chine est dotée d’une culture juridique conservatrice et relativement fermée. Parallèlement, le secteur du vin en France, vu comme un patrimoine national, est également marqué par un fort conservatisme. De plus, la pratique vitivinicole à l’occidentale n’a presque jamais existé avant son introduction récente en Chine. L’investissement chinois en France dans le secteur du vin s’est vu dans l’obligation de percer un tunnel entre deux mondes isolés. Au cours de ce processus particulier, des risques juridiques et des contentieux apparaissent en raison des surprises juridiques pouvant survenir au cours du processus d’investissement. Face à ce problème, le droit écrit semble insuffisant, étant donné les particularités de l’investissement chinois et des spécificités du secteur du vin. Quand ces deux particularités se rencontrent, des nouveaux instruments juridiques voient le jour. Des pratiques particulières à cet effet sont « inventées » par les parties en présence, afin d’écarter les risques ainsi que d’éventuels contentieux causés par les lacunes du droit écrit. / For historical reasons, China has a conservative and relatively closed legal culture. At the same time, the wine sector in France, seen as a national heritage, is also marked by strong conservatism. Moreover, western vitivinicultural practice hardly ever existed before its recent introduction in China. The Chinese investment in France in the wine sector was forced to break through a tunnel between two isolated worlds. During this particular process, legal risks and litigation arise due to legal surprises that may arise during the investment process. Faced with this problem, the written law seems insufficient, given the peculiarities of Chinese investment and the specificities of the wine sector. When these two particularities meet, new legal instruments are created. Specific practices for this purpose are "invented" by the parties involved, in order to eliminate the risks as well as possible litigations caused by the shortcomings of the written law.

The purpose of this study was to extend current knowledge regarding law enforcement’s perceptions of sex offenders. Law enforcement’s views of sex offenders and the fairness and efficacy of sex offender laws were examined through the utilization of a 60 closed-ended question survey. The survey included questions about sex offender myths, sex offender laws, police officers’ experience in working with sex offenders, specialized training, and demographics. The sample consisted of 74 sworn police officers from a Southeastern state. The results showed that, despite having a mostly empirical based view of sex offenders, sworn police officers were likely to support sex offender laws shown by some scholars to be ineffective in reducing crime and at times counterproductive.

This thesis is purposed to understand and mathematically formulate a model for testing the functional value of self-expression in the workplace. Starting from “pure self-expression”, this paper develops “functional self-expression” in given contexts. This development is through the lens of an idealized workplace context whose intrinsic value is profit-maximizing. This perspective is dominating and fills the entire surface to which the self can express too. The logical foundations of this paper begin anecdotal and transcend to holistic visualizations and a concluding model. In the end, we discover that the self-expression within “friendship” poses a threat to the idealized dominating context of the workplace.

<p>The aim of this study was to investigate which situations haemodialysis patients consider as the hardest for avoiding fluid intake. The data collection was performed with a questionnaire which was distributed to haemodialysis patients who fulfilled the inclusioncriteria. Of 158 haemodialysis patients 103 haemodialysis patients chose to participate in the study. The participants were chosen from different dialysis centres (n=12) in north and south of sweden, excluding the middle of Sweden. The questionnaire that was given out consisted of 32 situations, the response format included nine alternatives, that included different kind of difficultes. The nine alternatives were; very easy, easy, neither easy or hard, hard, very hard, impossible, do not know, do not concerns me. The 32 situations were devided into four categories, physiological, affective, social and environmental factors. The main result indicated that it was hardest to avoid fluid in the physiological situations. For exampel when the patients felt a dryness in the mouth, when they felt thirsty or when they hade eaten salty food.</p> / <p>Syftet med studien var att undersöka vid vilka tillfällen hemodialyspatienter ansåg att det är svårast att undvika vätskeintag. Datainsamlingen skedde med en enkät som delades ut till dialyspatienter som uppfyllde författarnas förbestämda inklusionskriterierna. Av 158 patienter så valde 103 dialys patienter att delta i studien. Deltagarna valdes ifrån dialysenheter (n=12) som låg söder om Örebro samt norr om Sundsvall dvs mellan Sverige togs ej med. Enkäten som delades ut bestod av 32 olika situationer och till dem hörde nio olika svarsalternativ som innefattade olika svårighets grader. De nio olika svarsalternativen var; inga problem, mycket lätt, lätt, varken lätt eller svårt, svårt, mycket svårt, omöjligt, vet ej samt gäller inte mig. I databearbetningen delades de 32 olika situationer in i fyra olika grupper, fysiologiska, affektiva, sociala och miljöfaktorer. Huvudresultatet visade att det i de fysiologiska situationerna var svårast att följa vätskerestriktionerna. Exempelvis när patienterna kände sig torra i munnen, kände sig törstiga samt när de åt salt mat.</p>

The aim of this study was to investigate which situations haemodialysis patients consider as the hardest for avoiding fluid intake. The data collection was performed with a questionnaire which was distributed to haemodialysis patients who fulfilled the inclusioncriteria. Of 158 haemodialysis patients 103 haemodialysis patients chose to participate in the study. The participants were chosen from different dialysis centres (n=12) in north and south of sweden, excluding the middle of Sweden. The questionnaire that was given out consisted of 32 situations, the response format included nine alternatives, that included different kind of difficultes. The nine alternatives were; very easy, easy, neither easy or hard, hard, very hard, impossible, do not know, do not concerns me. The 32 situations were devided into four categories, physiological, affective, social and environmental factors. The main result indicated that it was hardest to avoid fluid in the physiological situations. For exampel when the patients felt a dryness in the mouth, when they felt thirsty or when they hade eaten salty food. / Syftet med studien var att undersöka vid vilka tillfällen hemodialyspatienter ansåg att det är svårast att undvika vätskeintag. Datainsamlingen skedde med en enkät som delades ut till dialyspatienter som uppfyllde författarnas förbestämda inklusionskriterierna. Av 158 patienter så valde 103 dialys patienter att delta i studien. Deltagarna valdes ifrån dialysenheter (n=12) som låg söder om Örebro samt norr om Sundsvall dvs mellan Sverige togs ej med. Enkäten som delades ut bestod av 32 olika situationer och till dem hörde nio olika svarsalternativ som innefattade olika svårighets grader. De nio olika svarsalternativen var; inga problem, mycket lätt, lätt, varken lätt eller svårt, svårt, mycket svårt, omöjligt, vet ej samt gäller inte mig. I databearbetningen delades de 32 olika situationer in i fyra olika grupper, fysiologiska, affektiva, sociala och miljöfaktorer. Huvudresultatet visade att det i de fysiologiska situationerna var svårast att följa vätskerestriktionerna. Exempelvis när patienterna kände sig torra i munnen, kände sig törstiga samt när de åt salt mat.

This dissertation deals with temperance in rural economically backward communities in the county of Västerbotten in Northern Sweden. Most Swedish historians have related the rapid break-through of organized temperance to industrialization and industrial areas. The connection temperance - industrialization is indisputable. The question then arises: why did temperance establish its very strongholds in predominantly rural and backward areas of Northern Sweden? In the referendum over Prohibition in 1922, when the prohibitionists lost their case, the industralized part of Sweden took least interest in the question. In Norrland over 70% and in Vastebotten 81% of the population wanted and voted for Prohibition. The mechanisms of temperance in non-industral areas are dealt wich against this background. Was industrialization seen as a threat to the agrarian communities? How did the commercialization of liquor and wine after 1864 affect small peasant communities and pre-industrial towns, and in which ways and to what extent were these communities ready to defend themselves from the Demon Rum? In the town of Umeå and the southern part of the county of Västerbotten, temperance was able to dominate the left-wing factions of the regional populistic party variations of liberalism and social democracy. These populist parties were genuine prohibition parties and were often in opposition to their own central bureaucracy in Stockholm. They represented, like the American populist movement, a reaction against laissez-faire capitalism and commercialization. With the support of these political parties temperance succeeded in building up Sweden's most severe system of alcohol restrictions - the Umeå system - in 1923. / digitalisering@umu

Let π1,  π2, ... π be k (&gt;_2) populations. Let  πi (i = 1, 2, ..., k) be characterized by the uniform distributionon (ai, bi), where exactly one of ai and bi is unknown. With unequal sample sizes, suppose that we wish to select arandom-size subset of the populations containing the one withthe smallest value of 0i = bi - ai. Rule Ri selects πi iff a likelihood-based k-dimensional confidence region for the unknown (01,..., 0k) contains at least one point having 0i as its smallest component. A second rule, R, is derived through a likelihood ratio and is equivalent to that of Barr and Rizvi (1966) when the sample sizes are equal. Numerical comparisons are made. The results apply to the larger class of densities g(z; 0i) = M(z)Q(0i) iff a(0i) &lt; z &lt; b(0i). Extensions to the cases when both ai and bi are unknown and when 0max is of interest are i i indicated. / digitalisering@umu

Let π1, ..., πk be k(&gt;_2) populations such that πi, i = 1, 2, ..., k, is characterized by the normal distribution with unknown mean and ui variance aio2 , where ai is known and o2 may be unknown. Suppose that on the basis of independent samples of size ni from π (i=1,2,...,k), we are interested in selecting a random-size subset of the given populations which hopefully contains the population with the largest mean.Based on likelihood ratios, several new procedures for this problem are derived in this report. Some of these procedures are compared with the classical procedure of Gupta (1956,1965) and are shown to be better in certain respects. / <p>Ny rev. utg.</p><p>This is a slightly revised version of Statistical Research Report No. 1978-6.</p> / digitalisering@umu

Bachelor thesis. / Format: PDF. Bibl.

The overall aim of this doctoral thesis was to explore an assessment of participation according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in people with a mild intellectual disability. Study I used secondary data and explored how participation can be assessed. Study II-IV explored participation empirically regarding 68 everyday activities from all nine life domains according to the ICF. Study II explored assessment of self-rated participation by investigating to what extent perceived ability, actual performance and perceived importance correlated. Study III-IV explored the contribution of perceived importance to an assessment of participation; study III by investigating frequencies of everyday activities regarding performance and importance separately as well as regarding combined measures of performance and perceived importance, and study IV by comparing proxy ratings with self-rated measures regarding ability and measures of participation. Study III also correlated measures of participation with a single-item measure of subjective general well-being and study II and IV investigated internal consistency in terms of Cronbach’s alpha. Study II and III included 55 and 69 individuals with intellectual disability respectively. Study IV included 40 individuals with intellectual disability and 40 proxy persons. The informants from the target group were partly the same. Study II and IV supported the suggestions from study I that participation should be assessed by self-ratings and study II found that this is an appropriate method also to people with a mild intellectual disability. Study III showed that participation is related to subjective well-being. Study III-IV found somewhat different results if measuring participation as performance solely or as a combination of performance and perceived importance. Overall, the results of the thesis suggest that performance solely might be sufficient to assess participation at a group level but in a clinical context, when the knowledge of a certain individual is of interest, the perceived aspect of involvement is necessary to include in an assessment of participation.