This study makes an examination of a training programme in an institution for the mentally handicapped. It outlines the history of this institution and traces the development of the training programme through its various stages, with special reference to the contribution which social work has made to the rehabilitative programme. The study makes an appraisal of this institution's existing programme in light of accepted principles and standards of practice, derived from an examination of relevant professional medical and social material in the field. Material studied included reports of the medical director of The Woodlands School, reports of the Provincial Supervisor of Psychiatric Social Work, and articles written in professional periodicals and books on the subject. Other material was obtained by personal observation of The Woodlands School's programme and by personal interviews with various staff members. The case material was obtained from the case records of the Social Service Department of The Woodlands School. These records cover a two-year period, 1951 through 1953. The conclusions of this study indicate that the services for the training and education of the mentally handicapped are seriously lacking in British Columbia with particular reference to social services. It is recommended that both lay and professional groups in British Columbia reassess their current programmes for the mentally handicapped in light of existing standards so that a more adequate understanding of needs in this area may be at their disposal. The need for greater expansion of rehabilitation services for the mentally handicapped is stressed. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate

Previous studies on retardates with rigidity of boundaries phenomena have not been concerned with the presence of brain injury. The primary objective of this experiment was to ascertain the degree of difference in rigidity between brain injured and non-brain injured retardates.

The present study was designed to investigate the efficiency of a visual and tactile presentation of a design as compared to just a visual presentation to determine if the two-sense method helped the subjects in drawing the designs accurately in less trials.

It has not yet been demonstrated that music can be used therapeutically with profoundly retarded children. One way these children might be helped to respond to music, and therapeutically benefit from it, would be to use operant conditioning in an effort to enhance gross motor activity and then progressively shape responses until more complex behavior patterns are formed. Once these children can respond motorically in the presence of musical stimuli, continuation of responding may be possible by pairing motor activity with musical stimuli. This experiment investigated the effects of operant conditioning and music on the motor activity of profoundly retarded children in an effort to determine the therapeutic usefulness of music with such children.

The present study is an attempt to determine which of several different types of reinforcers is most effective in discrimination learning using institutionalized mentally retarded boys of different intellectual levels as subjects. If one type of reinforcement works more effectively in conditioning one level of institutionalized mentally retarded subject, then that type of reinforcement could be used to greater advantage in controlling behavior than some other, less effective kind of reinforcer.

Background: Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) is multifactorial in etiology and predisposes infants to multiple morbidities that can be significantly ameliorated by adequate nutrition and appropriate longitudinal growth. Current strategies to reduce the risk of EUGR include optimization of parental nutrition, varying schedules of feeding advances, and caloric supplementation. Very low birthweight (VLBW) preterm infants are particularly affected by EUGR, therefore ensuring adequate postnatal growth is an essential component in improving the long-term health outcomes for VLBW infants. The objectives of this observational study were to examine potential risk factors for growth failure among premature infants that did not respond to caloric and volume supplementation. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all infants born at the University of Massachusetts level III NICU from January 2016 to June 2020. Growth was tracked using PediTools electronic gestational age and growth calculators. (17) We reviewed the EMRs of infants who met the criteria for EUGR at the time of hospital discharge for a variety of potential factors affecting growth. Results: Overall, a total of 448 infants were screened with a final study cohort of 358 infants, of which 13% were discharge with EUGR. Analysis of demographic and clinical characteristics of infants with EUGR before and after nutritional intervention showed no statistically significant differences between the two cohorts. Pre-protocol, only weight percentiles and z-scores were statistically significant. Post-protocol, the change in z-score was also statistically significant. The only factor found to be statistically significantly different between was Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Timing of EUGR in the pre-protocol groups occurred between 33-35 weeks, while in the post-protocol group EUGR occurred between 32 and 37 weeks (Figure 2). Conclusions: Our findings confirmed the presence of several factors that have been previously shown to increase risk for EUGR, including male sex, lower gestational age, lower birth weight, and the occurrence of NEC. It also identified an additional risk factor, that of being born “constitutionally small”. In the post-protocol cohort, the change in z-score was statistically significant in addition to birth weight percentile and z-score and discharge weight percentile in z-score. The window in which EUGR occurred as well as the interquartile range was significantly widened post-protocol. These data suggest that the volume supplementation protocol successfully addressed the causes of EUGR in some infants, but other mechanisms may have occurred in infants who were still discharged with EUGR post-protocol.

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