This examine illustrates the section heads' and caregiving staffs' perceptions of the influence of New Public Management (NPM) in public retirement homes in Malmö. A central theme is to investigate if the main features of New Public Management are noticeable and if that's the case, are the consequences an advantage or disadvantage? The main features of New Public Management in this examine are: decentralization, competition, internal market, cost- conscious, management by objectives with a focus on results and costumer focus.To reach answers to the questions above, a quantitative and a qualitative approach has been chosen. The study is based on 41 questionnaires with enrolled nurses/nurse's assistants and four semi-structured interviews with section heads of retirement homes. Four different retirement homes have been participated in this study. To understand the material, two different theories have been chosen; the new- institutional theory and the organization- political theory. These theories are clearly influenced by each other in that term that they are illustrating different perspectives of the phenomena Management bureaucracy. Further, this phenomenon can also be related to New Public Management.The material shows the section heads' of the retirement homes and the caregiving staffs' experience if the main features of New Public Management are implemented in the organization and secondly, which advantages and disadvantages those have occurred. The professionals have different opinions regarding if NPM are noticeable and if the consequences are an advantage or disadvantage. The reached conclusion in this examine is however that New Public Management is visible in the retirement homes of the public sector in Malmö and this is mainly seen as an advantage.

The study was conducted among 100 assistant nurses working in six different residential home. The main purpose of the study was to increase awareness of the psychosocial work environment of assistant nurses in retirement home. In order to fulfill my purpose, I have chosen to use three questions: Have the period of employment in the workplace any impact on how the assistant nurses experience the psychosocial work environment? In the future it will become a lack of staff in elderly care. How do those working in elderly care today feel about the future? How important are the manager and colleagues for how assistant nurses are experiencing the psychosocial work environment? In order to answer the questions a quantitative method and a questionnaire has been used. The results were analyzed using SPSS and presented in the form of frequency tables, cross tabulations, chi square test and the sperman rho test. The results showed that the period of employment did not had an impact on the staffs´ experience of the psychosocial work environment. But what proved to be important was whether they felt their work as stressful. Where those who have worked between 3-10 years felt that the duties were more stressful than those with a shorter or longer period of employment.

The thesis called 'Individual planning and its effect on activation in retirement homes' is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part discusses the old age and the changes and problems that can accompany it. Further it deals with senior people's needs and the basic principles of communication with elderly people. The second chapter focuses on retirement homes as a social service. The third chapter describes the importance and the process of individual planning. The last chapter of the theoretical part contains information about activating people in retirement homes, its possibilities and importance. The practical part shows the use of individual plans and biographical sheets of retirement homes' clients in practice. It contains case histories of senior citizens and examples of documentation. The aim of the work is to link the theory with practical findings, to describe the importance of individual planning and its connection to all the elements of care, and to describe the positive effects of activation and individual approach in working with elderly people. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

À l’intersection entre différentes spécialités sociologiques, cette recherche vise à saisir les normes qui contribuent à construire la catégorie des personnes âgées dans l’un des lieux extrêmes de sa « mise en problème » : la maison de retraite. Une pluralité de savoirs spécifiques (médicaux, psychologiques, sociologiques…), se réunit et trouve son application à l’intérieur de ces « domiciles de substitution ». En s’appuyant sur des données discursives issues d’entretiens avec les professionnels et de documents officiels, mais également d’une observation participante dans un EHPAD, l’enquête cherche à analyser les liens entre connaissance, normes et (re)production de l’ordre interactionnel impliquant des personnes âgées. Cet ordre interactionnel se définit à plusieurs niveaux. D’une part, des normes formelles font l’objet d’un travail politique et de production par une instance nationale nouvelle : l’Anesm, qui édite depuis 2008 des « guides de bonnes pratiques professionnelles ». D’autre part, des normes et des règles sont produites en situation à l’intérieur de l’établissement. Cette recherche vise à toucher plus largement la question de l’inscription sociale des personnes âgées, dans le cadre de la constitution d’un lien social intergénérationnel en maison de retraite. La « protection » des personnes ne peut en effet se penser indépendamment de celle des travailleurs à qui il incombe de produire leur « bien être » tandis que les normes qui conduisent cette production se révèlent parfois contradictoires entre elles. / Combining insight from disparate fields of Sociology, this research has attempted to capture the norms that contribute to the categorisation of elderly people in one of the most extreme scenes of its construction: a retirement home. Specific subject areas (medicine, psychology, sociology…) are increasingly coalescing in their understanding of such 'substitutive homes'. Based on a qualitative enquiry that includes participant observation and formal interviews, this research attempts to analyse the links between knowledge, normativity, and the (re)production of an interactional order including elderly people. This interactional order defines itself at several levels. On the one hand, it is subject to legal elaboration and through the creation of a new agency officially dedicated to it : l’Anesm, which has edited good practice guides since 2008. On the other hand, norms and rules are defined through situations within the institution itself. This research aims to grasp the wider significance of the social prescription of the elderly, as framed by an intergenerational link between carers and patrons in retirement homes. Indeed, it is the contention of this work that, the political 'protection' of the elderly cannot be considered separately from the interests of the workers who care for them, as the norms driving this protection are shown to reveal themselves as sometimes being quite contradictory.

Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the nutritional status and physical performance of the individuals over 65 years living in home for the elderly and as the main research question to assess whether there is a correlation between impaired nutritional status and worsened physical performance in older adults. Also tests whether the unwanted weight loss for the last 3 month affects impaired results in a standardized SPPB test and handgrip test. And finally, verify whether the optimal BMI valided for the elderly predispozes a good physical performance and considered as a protective factor in case of frailty - on functional status. Methods: The research was executed by a quantitative method with the investigation of respondents as a data collection technique. To elaborate the practical part and answer the research questions were used outputs from nutritional status testing (BMI, nutritional status according to MNA-FF, SMI) and functional evaluation (dynamometry, SPPB battery). The results of these variables diagnosed seniors in the norm, at risk and with pathology. Results: The resulting research sample consisted of 40 seniors, of whom 29 were women (72,5 %) and 11 were men (27,5 %). The normal nutritional status was found in the majority of participants - 67,5 %, the risk...

The diploma thesis Perception of a Retirement Home before and after Client's Admission deals with elderly people's decision to go to a retirement home and their subsequent life in a retirement home. The diploma thesis is divided into two parts theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part focuses on aging and old age, quality of life, autonomy, modern families and elderly care at home as well as in institutions. The chapter Aging, Old Age and the Elderly explains the terms "aging" and "old age". Next, it also describes the changes that occur during old age, how the elderly manage to adapt to these changes and what is their attitude toward old age. From the nursing perspective, the senior citizens can be divided into following categories: able, fragile, dependent, completely dependent and dying. According to this division, the level of care for the elderly can be determined. However, it is vital to maintain acceptable life quality among the elderly as well as respect their real needs. Not only basic physiological needs have to be satisfied, but also higher-level needs cannot be overlooked, such as safety, security, love, acceptance, belonging, respect, recognition and personal fulfillment. One of the next main aspects that also should be taken into account is personal autonomy. Personal autonomy includes independence and freedom. It is self-sufficiency of an individual related to his or her possibilities, abilities and willingness to seize the choices and opportunities that life offers. People have the right to make independent decisions and establish or carry out them in their social environment. In general, people are considered to be autonomous individuals when they manage and organize their own activities without help of anyone else, are able to satisfy their physiological needs, stand up for their opinions and do not enforce approval, closeness and emotional support. They should not excessively fear other people or even feel guilty. If elderly people are no longer self-sufficient due to any reason, it is necessary to provide them with comprehensive care. Elderly people should be entitled to choose their preferred form of care. Elderly care can be provided in clients' private environment, by their family or by field social work. If the elderly do not have a family or it is not possible to take care of them in their home, a housing facility called a retirement home can be used. A retirement home helps its clients with following: accommodation, meals, assistance with daily self-care tasks, personal hygiene or arrangement for personal hygiene, maintaining contacts with social environment, activating tasks and enforcing rights and interests (for instance assistance in dealing with authorities, communicating with various companies, etc.). The aim of the empirical part of the thesis was to determine how the elderly perceive the retirement home before their admission and after adaptation. A secondary aim was to identify the views of family members on changes in the behavior of the elderly after their placement in a retirement home. With regard to the objectives of the thesis, a qualitative research method has been chosen which allows to examine the area in depth. The research was conducted by a survey method (a semi-structured interview). The research was conducted in two retirement homes in South Bohemia. The research group consisted of 10 respondents aged from 60 to 88 years. The target group was selected by quota sampling. The respondents consisted of clients without loss of cognitive abilities placed in a retirement home who could remember their idea about the retirement home before entering it. Another target group were family members of the individual interviewed clients. The diploma thesis states questions related to the research areas.

This thesis deals with the social exclusion of senior citizens living in retirement homes. Each year there is an increase in the number of senior citizens which results in larger necessity of social services of live-in facilities. These facilities provide senior citizens with complex care incl. accommodation and board. In these facilities certain factors can occur that could deepen social exclusion. The risk of social exclusion is going up if the autonomy of senior citizens is being restricted and their vital human needs are not respected. In the area of live-in services it is crucial to view every senior citizen as a unique human being in the bio-psycho-socio-spiritual context and tailor the care to their specific needs. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on objectification of the terms which are based on technical literature and are important for understanding the mentioned issues as well. The chapters address the issues of the ageing process and the old age, periodization of the old age, distinctive changes in the old age, autonomy in relation to the old age, social services for senior citizens in the legislative framework with detailed focus on retirement homes, social exclusion and economic, political and social dimension with regard to the old age. The last chapter of the theoretical part aims at the retirement home in which the research survey has been conducted. At the request of the management of the retirement home and with respect to the ethical aspects of the survey the name of the facility is not stated in this thesis, however, the name Retirement home XY is used. The goal of the empirical part of this thesis is to map the factors which influence social exclusion of senior citizens in the chosen retirement home. The empirical part is then focused on finding the answer to the main research question. Three partial research questions have been determined in order to answer the main research question. For obtaining the necessary data the strategy of qualitative research a surveying method including the technique of semi-structured interview has been selected. The semi-structured interview has been carried out with nine inhabitants of the Retirement home XY who have been chosen on the basis of criteria of quota intentional selection. Quotas for research surveys have been set as follows: The resident of the Retirement home XY who has lived there for the time period of at least 24 months, the resident of the Retirement home XY who draws care allowance in the I. or II. level and the willingness to cooperate. The gained data have been evaluated by the method of creation of clusters, namely on the grounds of the common traits/features. The final data is introduced in compliance with the particular partial research questions. As emerged from the research, communication partners with movement difficulties do not have any contact with the surrounding environment. There is a lack of walks in the neighborhood. It has also been discovered that there is a shortage of excursions. Communication partners see more leisure time. Furthermore, the research has shown that the amount of contact with the immediate family and extended family has decreased. In the area of finance they do not see any considerable changes though some communication partners cannot afford to pay for the whole stay. They seem to be content with the board, after the chef has been changed, only some communication partners would welcome to have their dinner at a later time. Out of means of transport they make use of ambulance car predominantly. They feel neither need to transport themselves anywhere nor run errands. They appreciate the availability of health care, however, a wish has emerged that the general practitioner would visit the Retirement home XY at least twice a week. The results of the empirical part serve as feedback for the management of the Retirement home XY and can contribute to the improvement of the quality of the provided services.

For many years, great attention has been devoted to the care of the elderly due to global aging of population. Almost all people want to spend their old age at home in their environment. This idea is supported by many experts who deal with the issue of old age and point to the advantages that it entails for both the senior and for the society. Therefore, it is paradox that many old people are placed in various health and social care facilities despite a wide range of various external services that enable seniors to stay in their home environment. That is why this master thesis aims to compare the nursing care provided to elderly people in their home environment with the care provided in institutions, both from perspective of a nurse who provides the care and from perspective of the elderly person or members of their family. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The theoretical part focuses on explaining the old age and the changes that come along with the old age. It also points out how old age is perceived in contemporary society. Further, it deals with different types of senior care that is most frequently divided into family, health and social care. The practical part is focused directly on individual families of seniors who live at home supported with home care, and to families who have a member in the department for the chronically ill (DCI). In the practical part I also focused on nursing staff, particularly nurses who come into contact with the seniors every day. A qualitative research method was used for the research survey. The technique of in-depth interview was used for data collection. The first part of the research group consisted of nurses working in DCI and nurses working in home care. The second part of the group consisted of seniors who reside in DCI and their families and the elderly who use home care services and their families. Interviews with the nurses, seniors and their families are divided into individual categories: awareness, reason for placement to DCI, satisfaction with the care provided, the advantages and disadvantages of home care/DCI, differences in care in DCI and at home, in foods and drinks, positioning and incidence of pressure sores, hygiene, administering medicines, re-bandaging, in bowel habits, behavior of staff/family, facilities for a senior. The investigation shows that families consider hospital care and home care to be very good, but it can be seen that home care nurses enjoy greater trust of the family and have much closer relationship than those in a hospital. Both groups of nurses think that the care they provide is of high quality and professional, but point to the lack of funding that a hospital and a home care agency have. A very surprising fact emerged that families that have an elderly person in institutional care are eager for the placement since they believe that they would not be able to care of them properly themselves. The investigation cannot clearly assess which type of care is best because both methods have their positives and downsides for every party involved and there are different variables, such as the health condition of the elderly, their family or social background. Quantitative research over a longer period of time would be required for thorough mapping of the entire situation which could monitor the provided care in the long run and also take into account the above variables that may change over time.

Diploma thesis deals with a design of the retirement home for seniors in the town of Bučovice. The house is a three-storey building with a rectangular floor plan partly situated in the slope. In the middle of the building, there is an atrium reaching to the second floor. The construction is covered by a flat green roof. The building is designed for the permanent residence of 28 seniors, with their rooms including sanitary facilities located on the two upper floors. The operational and technical facility for both the residents and personnel, including canteen with kitchen and doctor's practice, is located on the ground floor of the house. The construction system of the building is designed as a combination of monolithic concrete and masonry. The whole house is designed as accessible.

The master thesis deals with the group of senior voters in the institutional care. Firstly, seniors may feel excluded from public life, as well as they may face a number of problems because of their age and worse health condition. Those factors might limit their interest in politics. Secondly, the retirement home environment plays very important role because it significantly influences self-conceptions of its clients. The study tries to find out the motives of seniors's electoral participation as well as their following political news across the media. Thesis is also concerned with the political agitation, campaign and discussions with politics, The aim of the thesis is also to describe the preparation, conduct and atmosphere during the elections in retirement home. Master thesis is also focused on the seniors' relationship with the younger generation, their children and grandchildren, and on seniors' reflection of their position in the society. Key issues for the thesis are how seniors ponder their future. Master thesis tries to describe processes of aging as well as the general specifics of senior relationship to the politics. For the research purposes, 12 qualitative interviews were carried out in retirement home "Pohoda Chválkovice" in Olomouc.