La modernisation logicielle est un domaine en plein essor du fait du vieillissement des technologies datant des années 1960, tel que COBOL ou FORTRAN. Aujourd'hui, bon nombre de ces applications sont toujours en service du fait de leur criticité. Ce sont elles qui continuent d'assurer le bon fonctionnement du système d'information de l'entreprise. Face à l'arrivée en force de technologies récentes de type Cloud ou Mobile, il devient urgent de les moderniser. Toutefois, près de deux projets de modernisation sur trois échouent à cause du manque ou la perte de documentation de l'application, la complexité du logiciel (qui lui n'a cessé de grandir avec le temps), la perte des connaissances techniques (les jeunes développeurs n'ont jamais étudié ces anciennes technologies), tout cela couplé à un manque d'outils et de méthodes industrielles. Face à ce constat implacable, cette thèse suggère une solution pour l'industrialisation du processus de modernisation à travers l'utilisation de l'Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles (IDM), notamment en prenant pour base les métamodèles issus de l'initiative Architecture Driven Modernisation de l'OMG. Nous montrons qu'il est ainsi possible d'automatiser une majorité du processus du fait de l'utilisation de métamodèles pivots technologiquement neutres, ainsi que l'utilisation d'une série d'outils permettant d'obtenir une automatisation des tâches de migration de l'application. Nous proposons également de rendre cette solution adaptable à n'importe quel langage légataire au travers d'une chaîne de modernisation paramétrable via l'utilisation d'un moteur de transformation dédié offrant des mécanismes d'extensibilité et de réutilisabilité. Pour terminer, nous illustrons l'ensemble des idées développées dans cette thèse sur l'exemple concret d'une application codée en COBOL. / Software modernization is a fast-growing sector due to the aging technologies from the 1960s, such as COBOL or FORTRAN. Nowadays, many of these applications are still being used because of their criticality. These applications allow companies to maintain their information system. But to face the arrival of newer technologies and platforms, like Cloud or Mobile, companies must modernize their systems to deliver the same services and also develop new ones in order to compete. However, nearly two out of three modernization projects fail because of the lack or the loss of applications documentation, the complexity of the software (that has continued to grow over time), the loss of technical knowledge (the junior developers have never studied these ancient technologies), plus a lack of tools and industrial methods. Faced with this relentless observation, this thesis suggests a solution to the industrialization process of modernization through the use of Model Driven (IDM) Engineering, especially by using metamodels base from Driven Architecture Modernization of the OMG. We therefore demonstrate that it is possible to automate the process thanks to technologically neutral metamodels and by using a set of tools to get the automation of application migration tasks. We also propose to have this solution adapted to any languages through a configurable chain of modernization by using a dedicated processing engine that provides scalability and reusability mechanisms. Finally, we illustrate the ideas developed in this thesis in the concrete case of a coded COBOL application.

A manned Mars mission will require a substantial increase in landed mass compared to previous robotic missions, beyond the capabilities of current Entry Descent and Landing, EDL, technologies, such as blunt-body aeroshells and supersonic disk-gap-band parachutes. The heaviest payload successfully landed on Mars to date is the Mars Science Laboratory which delivered the Curiosity rover with an approximate mass of 900 kg. For a human mission, a payload of magnitude 30-50 times heavier will need to reach the surface in a secure manner. According to the Global Exploration Roadmap, GER, a Human Mission to Mars, HMM, is planned to take place after year 2030. To prepare for such an event several technologies need maturing and development, one of them is to be able to use and accurately asses the performance of Supersonic Retro Propulsion, SRP, another is to be able to use inflatable heat shields. This internal study conducted at the European Space Agency, ESA, is a first investigation focusing on the Entry Descent and Landing, EDL, sequence of a manned Mars lander utilising an inflatable heatshield and SRP, which are both potential technologies for enabling future landings of heavy payloads on the planet. The thesis covers the areas of aerodynamics and propulsion coupled together to achieve a design, which considers the flight envelope constraints imposed on human missions. The descent has five different phases and they are defined as circular orbit, hypersonic entry, supersonic retropropulsion, vertical turn manoeuvre and soft landing. The focus of this thesis is on one of the phases, the SRP phase. The study is carried out with the retro-thrust profile and SRP phase initiation Mach number as parameters. Aerodynamic data in the hyper and supersonic regime are generated using Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD, to accurately assess the retropropulsive performance. The basic concept and initial sizing of the manned Mars lander builds on a preliminary technical report from ESA, the Mission Scenarios and Vehicle Design Document. The overall optimisation process has three parts and is based on iterations between the vehicle design, CFD computations in the software DLR-Tau and trajectory planning in the software ASTOS. Two of those parts are studied, the vehicle design and the CFD,to optimise and evaluate the feasibility of SRP during the descent and test the design parameters of the vehicle. This approach is novel, the efficiency and accuracy of the method itself is discussed and evaluated. Initially the exterior vehicle Computer Aided Design, CAD, model is created, based on the Mission Scenarios and Vehicle Design Document, however updated and furthered. The propulsion system is modelled and evaluated using EcosimPRO where the nozzle characteristics, pressure levels and chemistry are defined, and later incorporated in the CAD model. The first iteration of the CFD part has an SRP range between Mach 7 and 2, which results in an evaluation of five points on the trajectory. The thrust levels, the corresponding velocity, altitude and atmospheric properties at those points can then be evaluated and later incorporated in ASTOS. ASTOS, in turn, can simulate the full trajectory from orbit to landing including the CFD data of the SRP phase. Due to time limitation only one iteration of the vehicle design and the SRP range was completed. However, the goals of the study were reached. A first assessment of SRP in Mars atmosphere has been carried out, and the aerodynamic and propulsive data has been collected to be built on in the future. The results indicate that the engines can start at a velocity of Mach 7. They also show consistency with similar studies conducted in Earths atmosphere. The current vehicle design, propulsion system and SRP range can now be furthered, updated and advanced in order to optimise the different descent phases in combination with future results from ASTOS.

Cyclitols are cyclic compounds having hydroxyl groups which attached to different carbons on the ring. Cyclitols have attracted a great deal of attention for having diverse biological activities. Cyclic alcohols play an important role in biological processes such as inhibition of glycosidase, cellular recognition, and signal transduction. In addition to this, these compounds are very important molecules due to being capable of using while synthesizing natural products or pharmaceuticals. In this study, development of new methodology for the synthesis of bis-aminoinositol derivatives was aimed. The starting material, cis-diester, was synthesized from the Diels-Alder reaction of furan and maleic anhydride followed by reaction with MeOH. As a second key compound, trans-diester was obtained from the Diels-Alder reaction of furan and fumaryl chloride followed by esterification. The diester functionality in these two compounds was planned to be converted into the hydrazide upon treatment with hydrazine monohydrate. Before this reaction, double bond was protected via stereo selective oxidation reaction with m-CPBA due to preventing retro Diels-Alder reaction. Then, hydrazide functionality was converted into acyl azide through &beta / -nitroso hydrazide intermediate. Subsequent Curtius rearrangement reaction resulted in the formation of the isocyanate which was converted to the corresponding bis-urethane by treatment with MeOH. Attempt to cleave the oxa-bridge in urethane with sulfamic acid provided the unexpected tricyclic product 148. Furthermore, hydrolysis of isocyanate with aqueous HCl formed the diamine 156. However, O-bridge could not be opened with any reagents used for that of urethane derivative as described above. Then,the cis-diol 157 was synthesized to prevent the neighboring group participitation during the epoxide-opening reaction. Further ring-opening reactions are under investigation.

La cicloisomerización de 1,5-, 1,6- y 1,7-eninos catalizada por Au(I) y Au(III) ha sido desarrollada con un enfoque sintético y mecanístico. Los aportes hechos hasta el momento nos han permitido elucidar de modo general la reactividad de los complejos catiónicos de oro(I) (Esquema R1). Se demostró que en la ciclación de 1,6-eninos B1, la migración propargílica 1,5 del éter metílico tenía lugar originando la estructura base de los globuloles, una familia de productos naturales. Sin embargo al explorar la reactividad de 1,7- eninos C1, tuvo lugar una migración propargílica 1,6, dando lugar a la formación de benzo[C]fluorenos. Alternativamente con una sustitución similar en los eninos de partida utilizando los 1,6-eninos D1 (esquema R2) tuvo lugar una nueva reacción catalizada por oro. En este caso, un nuevo proceso de anulación catalizado por complejos catiónicos de oro(I) nos condujo a la formación de naftalenos 1,3-disustituidos E1 (esquema R2) Los naftalenos 1,3-disustituidos son una clase de compuestos no accesibles de manera convencional mediante acoplamiento cruzado o por sustitución electrófila aromática. Durante el estudio de anulación con D1, determinamos el mecanismo de esta reacción. Encontramos que este proceso tiene lugar vía cicloisomerización 6- endo-dig generando un dihidronaftaleno D2 (esquema R2), que tras migración [1,2] de hidógeno genera D3. Tras protodemetalación, genera el enol eter D4. Retro-ciclopropanación sobre D4 origina un naftaleno 1,3-bisustituido E1, junto con la formación de un carbeno libre de oro(I) G1 para dar lugar a un bisciclopropano tetracíclico F1. Esta es la primera vez que se observa el proceso de reto-ciclopropanación en química de oro.

Vaccinia virus (VACV), the prototypic poxvirus, undergoes a complex life cycle, with multiple stages that are not yet fully understood. This work studied two cellular proteins which had previously been identified by siRNA screens as playing proviral roles in the replication cycle of VACV: the dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MKK3) and vacuolar protein sorting 52 (Vps52). MKK3 is an upstream regulator in the p38 pathway which, along with MKK6, phosphorylates and therefore activates p38. In HeLa cell cultures, siRNA depletion experiments confirmed that MKK3 supported VACV replication. MKK3 knockdown reduced production of both early and late-class VACV proteins, suggesting that it facilitates viral gene expression. However, this difference did not translate to an in vivo model, as comparison between wild type and MKK3 knockout mice infected with VACV revealed no significant differences in virus replication or overall disease. The Golgi-associated retrograde protein complex (GARP) is composed of four large heteromeric proteins: Vps51, Vps52, Vps53 and Vps54, and plays a key role in retrograde transport from endosomes to the TGN. The effects of loss of GARP function were investigated using three techniques: mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) containing the hypomorphic Vps54 “wobbler” mutation, Vps52-targetting siRNA in HeLa cells and pharmacological inhibition of retrograde transport using the drug Retro-2. GARP loss resulted in a marked reduction in VACV spread due to a reduction specifically in “double wrapped” extracellular enveloped virion (EEV) production. Investigation of the mechanism by which GARP facilitates EEV production revealed a disruption of the VACV morphogenesis pathway prior to the double wrapping event, resulting in mislocalisation and aggregation of the viral membrane protein B5 within the cytoplasm. The effects of GARP loss translated to an in vivo model, as mice infected with VACV and treated with Retro-2 exhibited reduced viral replication and overall disease. These results identify GARP as a pro-viral host complex required for EEV production, and suggest that cellular retrograde transport pathways are required for double-wrapping of VACV virions. Overall, the study illustrates both the potential pitfalls of carrying out genetic screens in a transformed cell line and the power of such studies to nevertheless identify novel features of virus biology as well as druggable targets for antiviral intervention.

The assessment of change in river systems requires reference conditions. However, most large navigable waterways in the United States and elsewhere around the world have a wealth of archival data because of past engineering projects and flood control efforts. For example, in the United States, large quantities of archival data are available for the Mississippi River System which can be used to assess historical baseline conditions and change. Maps, charts, surveys, structure-history databases, and other quantitative measurements stretch back 100 to as much as ~200 years. The purpose of his dissertation was to develop a robust methodology from which to use these archival data to establish historic reference conditions in order to quantify and assess the causes of change in flood levels. Since the early 19th century, the Middle and Lower Mississippi River (MMR and LMR) have been intensively modified for flood protection and commercial navigation. In order to quantify the effects of levee expansion, channel modification, and land-cover change upon flood stages, a 1-D unsteady flow model was developed for multiple historical reference conditions ("retro-models") for three large study reaches (225-315 km each): one along the MMR and two reaches along the LMR. For each reference condition, four 1-D unsteady-flow models were developed. These models include a calibrated model of actual conditions and three "scenario" models: 1) a model with levees of the next time step, 2) a model with the channel geometry of the next time step, and 3) a model with floodplain roughness (i.e., land cover) of the next time step. Comparison of the model for actual conditions and the scenario models provide a quantitative assessment of levee expansion, channel modification, and land-cover change on stage. Comparison of the modeling results for this investigation showed significant changes in stage for equal discharges between each of the modeled time steps. Changes in stage for the three modeled reaches ranged from -3.1 to 4.4 m. The largest changes in flood stage were found along the MMR. The largest decreases in flood levels were found along the LMR between Obion and Memphis, TN. These results confirm previous hydrologic analyses, but show stage-changes as continuous longitudinal profile and not just at gaging stations. Scenario modeling suggests that the majority (38 to 70%) of the changes in flood stage on the LMR and MMR study reaches can be attributed to changes in channel geometry and hydraulic roughness. Levees were the next largest contributor to changes in flood stage. For time steps with significant levee expansion, these structures increase stage up to 1.0 m. Observed changes in floodplain land cover were associated with little (or none) of the increase in flood stage. These result show changes in channel geometry and roughness related to river engineering tools employed for the facilitation of navigation and flood conveyance are the principal drivers of historic changes in flood stages along the LMR and MMR. The results from the 1-D scenario model assessment suggest wing dikes may broadly affect flow conveyance in two ways: (1) through direct interaction with flow and (2) indirectly by their effects on channel geometry and roughness. Direct effects of wing dikes on flood stage were assessed by constructing two 2-D hydrodynamic models: (1) a calibrated model of actual conditions (i.e., with wing dikes) and (2) a scenario model without wing dikes, for a heavily modified reach of the MMR. Comparison of the model of actual conditions and model without wing dikes revealed that direct effects of wing dikes increase stage, modestly by only 0.1 to 0.5 m, depending on discharge and location. Wing dikes also were shown to increase and decrease channel velocities. Local increases in flow velocities of up to 0.4 m/s were found along portions of the main channel. Decreases in flow velocity by as much as -2.0 m/s were found along the edge of the channel within the wing dike fields. The direct effects of wing dikes on flow conveyance also were observed to decrease with an increase in flow, a result that runs contrary to the total cumulative effects of wing dikes observed empirically. These results suggest that the indirect effects are the likely cause of the historic decreased in flood flow conveyance and large-scale increases in flood stages along portions of the MMR.

A pesquisa voltada para a retroanálise de taludes de mineração está se tornando cada vez mais importante. As dimensões das atuais cavas de mineração visam sempre obter a melhor relação entre custo, benefício e segurança. Isso exige que por vezes o trabalho ocorra próximo destes limites. Neste trabalho o estudo de retroanálise consiste em um talude misto composto por aluvião e rocha em uma mineração de carvão localizada no município de Arroio dos Ratos, RS. O objetivo foi realizar um estudo de retroanálise onde se utilizou dois métodos de análise método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF) e o método do Equilíbrio Limite (EL). A metodologia adotada foi dividida em três fases: uma etapa de campo, para coleta do material e dados geométricos do talude, uma etapa de laboratório para caracterizar todo o material e a última etapa computacional onde foram gerados os modelos e simulações numéricas através dos softwares comerciais da empresa RocScience, sendo eles o SLIDE e o RS2. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que a porção do talude composta por aluvião apresentava seis camadas intercaladas de areias bem graduadas e argilas de média a alta plasticidade. Em relação as simulações, observou uma diferença entre o MEF e EL devido ao grande número de camadas presentes no talude e a interação entre elas. Foram criados quatro diferentes cenários para observar o comportamento do talude, com presença e ausência de água. O MEF mostrou uma superfície de ruptura próxima a encontrada porem com a presença de água o Fator de Segurança (FS) sofreu uma grande depreciação. O EL considerou uma superfície de ruptura satisfatória, nas simulações com presença de água FS sofreu uma depreciação mínima mesmo com máxima saturação de água no talude. Apesar das diferenças ambos os métodos são confiáveis mas devem ser usados de forma adequado ao tipo de problema existente. Situações mais simples e com taludes mais homogêneos o EL trona-se mais indicado, para problemas de maior complexidades e interações entre camadas o MEF se mostrou satisfatório e com boa resposta. O resultados através do MEF se aproximaram mais da situação real encontrada em campo. / A research focus on retro analysis on mine slopes is becoming increasingly important. The dimensions of current mining caves aim to always obtain the best cost benefit ratio as well as the highest safety level. This demands that the work sometimes is done within these limits. In this paper the study of retro analysis is made up of a mixed slope composed of alluvial and rocks, in a coal mine in Arroio dos Ratos, RS. The goal was to carry out a retro analysis study using two analysis methods: The Finite Element Method (FEM) and Limit Equilibrium analysis (LE). The methodology adopted was split into three phases: a field stage for the sample collection and slopes geometric , a laboratory stage to classify all the material and a final computacional stage were model and numerical simulations were created by way of commercial software, Slide and RS2, by RocScience. The results showed that the portion of the slope composed of alluvium had six layers interspersed with well graded sands and high plasticity clays. The simulations observed a difference between the FEM and LE due to the number of layers present in the slope and the interaction among them. Four different scenarios were created in order to observe the behavior of the slope. The FEM presents surface failure similar to one found in the field. The LE always takes into consideration the overall critical surface which is not observed in the field, it also show high security factor levels above one 1.3 that does not reflect a real situation since the slope is collapsed. In spike of the differences, both methods are reliable but they must be used according to the existing problems. For simpler situations with homogeneous slopes LE is recommended while move complex problems and interactions among lawyers calls for FEM.

A pesquisa voltada para a retroanálise de taludes de mineração está se tornando cada vez mais importante. As dimensões das atuais cavas de mineração visam sempre obter a melhor relação entre custo, benefício e segurança. Isso exige que por vezes o trabalho ocorra próximo destes limites. Neste trabalho o estudo de retroanálise consiste em um talude misto composto por aluvião e rocha em uma mineração de carvão localizada no município de Arroio dos Ratos, RS. O objetivo foi realizar um estudo de retroanálise onde se utilizou dois métodos de análise método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF) e o método do Equilíbrio Limite (EL). A metodologia adotada foi dividida em três fases: uma etapa de campo, para coleta do material e dados geométricos do talude, uma etapa de laboratório para caracterizar todo o material e a última etapa computacional onde foram gerados os modelos e simulações numéricas através dos softwares comerciais da empresa RocScience, sendo eles o SLIDE e o RS2. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que a porção do talude composta por aluvião apresentava seis camadas intercaladas de areias bem graduadas e argilas de média a alta plasticidade. Em relação as simulações, observou uma diferença entre o MEF e EL devido ao grande número de camadas presentes no talude e a interação entre elas. Foram criados quatro diferentes cenários para observar o comportamento do talude, com presença e ausência de água. O MEF mostrou uma superfície de ruptura próxima a encontrada porem com a presença de água o Fator de Segurança (FS) sofreu uma grande depreciação. O EL considerou uma superfície de ruptura satisfatória, nas simulações com presença de água FS sofreu uma depreciação mínima mesmo com máxima saturação de água no talude. Apesar das diferenças ambos os métodos são confiáveis mas devem ser usados de forma adequado ao tipo de problema existente. Situações mais simples e com taludes mais homogêneos o EL trona-se mais indicado, para problemas de maior complexidades e interações entre camadas o MEF se mostrou satisfatório e com boa resposta. O resultados através do MEF se aproximaram mais da situação real encontrada em campo. / A research focus on retro analysis on mine slopes is becoming increasingly important. The dimensions of current mining caves aim to always obtain the best cost benefit ratio as well as the highest safety level. This demands that the work sometimes is done within these limits. In this paper the study of retro analysis is made up of a mixed slope composed of alluvial and rocks, in a coal mine in Arroio dos Ratos, RS. The goal was to carry out a retro analysis study using two analysis methods: The Finite Element Method (FEM) and Limit Equilibrium analysis (LE). The methodology adopted was split into three phases: a field stage for the sample collection and slopes geometric , a laboratory stage to classify all the material and a final computacional stage were model and numerical simulations were created by way of commercial software, Slide and RS2, by RocScience. The results showed that the portion of the slope composed of alluvium had six layers interspersed with well graded sands and high plasticity clays. The simulations observed a difference between the FEM and LE due to the number of layers present in the slope and the interaction among them. Four different scenarios were created in order to observe the behavior of the slope. The FEM presents surface failure similar to one found in the field. The LE always takes into consideration the overall critical surface which is not observed in the field, it also show high security factor levels above one 1.3 that does not reflect a real situation since the slope is collapsed. In spike of the differences, both methods are reliable but they must be used according to the existing problems. For simpler situations with homogeneous slopes LE is recommended while move complex problems and interactions among lawyers calls for FEM.

Orientador: Fernando Antonio Santos Coelho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T03:08:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_BrunoRicardoVilacha_M.pdf: 1423792 bytes, checksum: 7de8ab5e57971637382e0a11e87dbdf0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Napalilactona e Patilactona A são dois sesquiterpenóides espirolactônicos isolados de fontes marinhas. Esses sesquiterpenos, biogeneticamente derivados de um esqueleto carbônico do tipo aristoleno, apresentam em suas estruturas quatro centros estereogênicos contínuos e diferem apenas na substituição do heteroátomo (Cl versus OH) vizinho à unidade espiro g-butirolactônica. Como parte de um programa de pesquisa direcionado à síntese de alguns produtos naturais, descrevemos, nesse trabalho, um estudo focado no desenvolvimento de um método direto, que permitiria a preparação de um alceno funcionalizado, opticamente ativo. Esse intermediário pode ser usado para a síntese assimétrica dos dois sesquiterpenos. Devido ao elevado custo da (S)-(-)-pulegona, iniciamos esse trabalho com a (R)-(+)-pulegona, como um sistema modelo. O nosso objetivo principal era estabelecer uma estratégia sintética que mais tarde pudesse ser extrapolada para a síntese dos sesquiterpenos citados. Baseado nos dados anteriormente descritos pelo nosso laboratório para a síntese racêmica da Patilactona A, realizamos uma seqüência de reações na tentativa de se formar esse alceno funcionalizado. De acordo com a rota sintética partindo da (R)-(+)-pulegona, o intermediário seleneto foi preparado em 9 etapas com um rendimento global de 12%. Em vista do sucesso na síntese de intermediários avançados a partir da (R)-(+)-pulegona, esta mesma sequência sintética pôde ser usada na síntese assimétrica da (+)-Napalilactona, usando como material de partida a (S)-(-)-pulegona / Abstract: Napalilactone and Pathylactone A are two sesquiterpenoids spirolactones isolated from marine corals. These sesquiterpenes, biogenetically derivable from an aristolene carbon skeleton, show in their structures four contiguous stereocenters and differ only in the nature of heteroatom substituent (Cl versus OH) adjacent to the spirolactone ring junction. As part of a research program directed toward the total synthesis of some marine natural products, we describe in this work a study focused on the development of a straightforward method, which would allow the preparation of an optically active functionalized alkene. This key intermediate could be used for the asymmetric synthesis of both sesquiterpenes. Owing to the high cost of (S)-pulegone, we began this work using (R)-pulegone as a model system. Our aim was to establish a synthetic strategy that later could be surpassed for the synthesis of the sesquiterpenes cited. Based on data previously described from our laboratory for the racemic synthesis of Pathylactone-A, we carried out a sequence of reactions in an attempt to form the functionalized alkene. According to the synthetic route from (R)-(+)-pulegone, the intermediate selenide was prepared in 9 steps with overall yield of 13%. In view of the success in the synthesis of advanced intermediates from (R)-pulegone, this same synthetic sequence could be used for the asymmetric synthesis of (+)-Napalilactone, using as starting material the (S)-(-)-pulegone / Mestrado / Quimica Organica / Mestre em Química

A medição de distâncias sempre foi uma das atividades mais básicas e importantes da engenharia. Existem diversas formas, métodos, equipamentos que são utilizados para se obter medidas com os mais variados graus de acurácia. Com o aumento da tecnologia, a determinação de distâncias em 3D tem-se tornado cada vez mais importante, favorecendo equipamentos de fácil manuseio e boa precisão. Em especial, a determinação da localização espacial vem ganhando ainda mais importância nas indústrias que estão começando a utilizar robôs não mais para o simples deslocamento de peças, mas para a execução de tarefas mais complexas, de controle mais sofisticado. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento de um sistema a ser utilizado para a determinação de deslocamentos espaciais de um retro-refletor através de duas estações de rastreamento. Cada uma delas, composta basicamente por um sensor de quadrantes, um divisor de feixes e dois espelhos planos com eixos de rotação dispostos ortogonalmente entre si, emite um feixe laser contínuo direcionado ao retro-refletor. O feixe laser emitido por cada estação de rastreamento foi modelado como reta cuja equação é função essencialmente dos ângulos dos espelhos. Foram realizados dois experimentos visando a comparação entre os resultados obtidos com a utilização de motores de corrente continua e de galvanômetros para movimentação dos espelhos. No primeiro, a posição angular dos espelhos é conhecida através de encoders, no segundo, ela é determinada através de sinais emitidos pela placa controladora do galvanômetro. Finalmente, com o conhecimento da posição relativa entre as duas estações de rastreamento e do direcionamento dos feixes laser, a posição do retro-refletor no espaço é calculada por triangulação. / The measurement of distances has always been one of the most basic and important activities of engineering. It can be achieved in several ways and by many methods, and there is a variety of equipment that may be used to obtain measurements with different levels of accuracy. With technological development, the measurement of distances in 3D has become more and more common, favoring equipment with ease of handling and high precision. Specially, spatial positioning has become even more important in industries that are beginning to use robots not just to move pieces, but to perform more complex tasks, utilizing more sophisticated control techniques. The present work deals with the development of a two tracking station system to be used in the spatial displacement measurement of a retroreflector. Each one, consisting basically of a quadrant detector, a beam splitter, and two flat mirrors that can be rotated in orthogonal directions, emits a continuous laser beam directed to the retroreflector. The laser beam emitted by each of the tracking stations is considered a straight line the equation of which depends primary on the exact mirror angles. Two experiments, one using DC motors and the other galvanometers to drive the mirrors, were executed in other to compare the results. In the first, the angles are known through the use of encoders, and in the second, they are determined by signals generated in the galvanometer controllers (drives). Finally, with the knowledge of the tracking station positions and laser beam directions, the retroreflector space position can be calculated using triangulation.