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A new method of sea water desalination, Centrifugal Reverse-Osmosis (CRO), is developed from concept to patented design and functional prototype of capacity 11,355 litres of fresh water per day. CRO is shown to have significant benefits relative to the leading existing desalination technology, conventional reverse-osmosis. These benefits include: lower energy consumption, reduced initial and replacement membrane costs, lower noise levels and improved reliability. CRO is projected to show increasing cost efficiency as plant capacity increases. For a relatively large CRO plant, 65lm³ fresh water per day, the total cost of desalinated water is projected to be 25.9% lower than the total cost of water produced by a conventional RO plant of equivalent capacity. The current patented design requires further development in order to realize this potential. Toward this end, a computational and experimental study of rotor windage losses and an experimental study of fluid flow losses through the rotor are conducted. In addition a new method for the analysis of stresses in a filament wound rotor shell under combined centrifugal and pressure loading is developed. / Graduate

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Yes / The Reverse Osmosis (RO) process has been expansively used in water treatment as a result of its low energy consumption compared to thermal distillation processes, leading to reduced overall water production cost. Evaluation and minimisation of energy consumption (expressed in kWh/m3 of fresh water production) in a medium-scale spiral wound brackish water RO (BWRO) desalination plant of the Arab Potash Company (APC) are the main aims of this research. The model developed earlier by the authors has been integrated to simulate the process and achieve the main aims. Energy consumption calculations of low salinity BWRO desalination plant, with and without an energy recovery device, have been carried out using the gPROMS software suite. In other words, this research evaluated the impact of adding an energy recovery device on the RO process energy consumption of the APC, which is introduced for the first time. Also, the effects of several operating conditions of BWRO process include the feed flow rate, pressure and temperature on the performance indicators, which include the energy consumption and total plant recovery at different energy recovery device efficiencies, were studied. The simulation results showed that the total energy consumption could be reduced at low values of feed flow rates and pressures and high values of temperatures. More importantly, there is an opportunity to reduce the total energy consumption between 47% and 53.8% compared to the one calculated for the original design without an energy recovery device.

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