Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A raiva é uma enfermidade infectocontagiosa causada por um Lyssavirus, que acomete os mamíferos, inclusive o homem, está presente em todos os continentes com exceção da Antártida. Os cães ainda são considerados os principais responsáveis pela manutenção e transmissão da raiva para o homem. Porém, nos últimos anos os morcegos hematófagos e não hematófagos têm ganhado destaque como potenciais transmissores de raiva para animais e humanos nas Américas. Em 2010, o Brasil registrou três casos de raiva humana, sendo um causado por agressão de morcego. Recentemente, várias epidemias de raiva humana transmitida por morcegos hematófagos foram relatados na região Amazônica. No estado de Roraima até a presente data não há registro de casos de raiva humana. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de detectar a presença e circulação do vírus rábico em quirópteros no estado de Roraima, bem como identificar as espécies de morcegos envolvidas na pesquisa. A técnica Transcriptase Reversa seguida da reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase foi utilizada para a detecção do vírus rábico, utilizando tecido cerebral de morcegos que foram coletados pelas equipes de vigilância epidemiológica e ambiental, da Secretaria de Saúde e Agência de Defesa Sanitária de Roraima. Os morcegos foram identificados utilizando chaves dicotômicas disponíveis para morcegos do Brasil e de outros países sul americanos. No total foram analisadas 94 amostras de morcegos, as quais apresentaram resultados negativos para raiva pela técnica da RT-PCR, no entanto, não é possível afirmar que o vírus rábico não circule em Roraima. Por outro lado, o presente estudo identificou 19 espécies de morcegos distribuídas em seis famílias, sendo uma família (Vespertilionidae) e cinco espécies de quirópteros (Diaemus youngi, Noctilio albiventris, Myotis nigricans, Eptesicus diminutus e Cynomops planirostris) ainda sem relato de ocorrência para Roraima. Morcegos hematófagos foram identificados em cinco municípios. Ressaltando que este trabalho foi um passo inicial e que novos estudos precisam ser desenvolvidos, aprimorando as estratégias de coletas a fim de monitorar a presença do vírus da raiva no Estado. / Rabies is an infectious disease that affects mammals, including human beings. Present on all continents except Antarctica. It is caused by a Lyssavirus. Dogs are considered responsible for the maintenance and transmission of rabies to humans. But in recent years the bats have become a potential source of transmitting rabies to animals and human beings in the Americas. In 2010, Brazil recorded three cases of human rabies. One of them was caused by an attack of bat. Recently, several outbreaks of human rabies transmitted by vampire bats were reported in the Amazon region, so far, in the state of Roraima there is no record of cases of human rabies. This study is aimed to detect the presence and circulation of rabies virus in bats in the state of Roraima, as well as to identify the species involved, it includes, also, the necessity of strengthen the network of epidemiological and environmental surveillance of rabies. The technique followed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for virus research involving brain tissue of bats that were collected by teams of environmental and epidemiological surveillance, belonging to the Department of Health and the health protection agency of Roraima. Species of Bats were identified using dichotomous keys available for bats in Brazil and other Latin American countries. In total of 94 bat samples were analysed. The samples tested were negative for rabies. It can not be said, however, that the rabies virus does not circulate in Roraima. This research identified 19 species of bats distributed in six family. On the other hand, the research points to a richness and abundance of species of bats. This study identified one family (Vespertilionidae) and five species of bats (Diaemus youngi, Noctilio albiventris, Myotis nigricans, Eptesicus diminutus e Cynomops planirostris) not yet reported to the State. Vampire bats were identified in five municipalities. Considering the epidemiological and environmental importance of bats for ecosystems, this study is contributing to the increase of knowledge about both environmental surveillance of rabies and diversity of bats.

Yes / Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells with great potential in regenerative medicine. One method for stimulating proliferation and differentiation of MSCs is via electrical stimulation (ES). A valuable approach for evaluating the response of MSCs to ES is to assess changes in gene expression, relative to one or more reference genes. In a survey of 25 publications that used ES on cells, 70% selected GAPDH as the reference gene. We conducted a study to assess the suitability of six potential reference genes on an immortalized human MSC line following direct current ES at seeding densities of 5000 and 10,000 cells/cm2 . We employed three methods to validate the most stable reference genes from qRT-PCR data. Our findings show that GAPDH and ACTB exhibit reduced stability when seeded at 5000 cell/cm2 . In contrast, we found that the most stable genes across both plating densities and stimulation regimes were PPIA and YWHAZ. Thus, in ES gene expression studies in MSCs, we support the use of PPIA and YWHAZ as an optimal reference gene pair, and discourage the use of ACTB and GAPDH at lower seeding densities. However, it is strongly recommended that similar verification studies are carried out based on cell type and different ES conditions.

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