This dissertation is a study of the loyalist Church of England clergy in the American Revolution. By reconstructing the experience and identity of this largely-misunderstood group, it sheds light on the relationship between church and empire, the role of religious pluralism and toleration in the American Revolution, the dynamics of loyalist politics, and the religious impact of the American Revolution on Britain. It is based primarily on the loyalist clergy’s own correspondence and writings, the records of the American Loyalist Claims Commission, and the archives of the SPG (the Church of England’s missionary arm). This dissertation focuses on the New England and Mid-Atlantic colonies, where Anglicans formed a religious minority and where their clergy were overwhelmingly loyalist. It begins with the founding of the SPG in 1701 and its first forays into America. It then examines the state of religious pluralism and toleration in New England, the polarising contest over the proposed creation of an American bishop after the Seven Years’ War, and the role of the loyalist clergy in the Revolutionary War itself, focusing particularly on conflicts occasioned by the Anglican liturgy and Book of Common Prayer. The dissertation proceeds to follow those loyalist clergy who left the Thirteen Colonies as refugees, tracing their reception in Britain, their influence on conservative churchmen there, and their role in rebuilding the imperial Church of England in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Particular attention is given to the relationship between the loyalist refugees, the English high church movement, and the Scottish Episcopal church. Bridging British, Canadian, and colonial American history, it suggests that the American Revolution galvanised an Anglican religious revival in the British Empire and shaped an emerging alliance between the Church of England and conservative politics. It ends in the 1790s, as this alliance solidified under the influence of the French Revolution. Most scholarship on religion and the American Revolution is ultimately concerned with the politics of the revolution. This dissertation, by contrast, asks how the politics of the revolution affected the religious lives of those who lived through it. It provides a sympathetic account of the loyalist clergy’s religious identities and beliefs, and situates them in the context of early-modern British religious history. In doing so, it reconstructs a distinct spiritual culture which was concerned with the holiness of suffering, persecution, and martyrdom. It locates the clergy’s loyalism in the longer history of political martyrdom, a category that has been overlooked by secular-minded historians of loyalism. The loyalist clergy were also preoccupied with the lack of state support for the colonial Church of England. Together with their allies and sympathizers in Britain, they formulated a powerful critique of the British Empire’s religious pluralism: an important but overlooked contribution to counter-enlightenment and counter-revolutionary thought in Britain. By studying that critique, this dissertation highlights the limits of state support for the colonial Church of England prior to the American Revolution, and identifies a turn towards greater state support in the wake of American independence.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-10-17T17:41:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Osmar Hércules Padovan.pdf: 4229181 bytes, checksum: b0e2bdbbbb0f2142c183a0cf183b6074 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-17T17:41:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Osmar Hércules Padovan.pdf: 4229181 bytes, checksum: b0e2bdbbbb0f2142c183a0cf183b6074 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo / This thesis presents Don Bosco as a Catholic religious leader from Italy, in the XIX century, and shows the social, political, and religious changes he set into effect. To achieve our goals, we started with his humble upbringing as a peasant and follow him through his adventurous life ending with the fulfillment of his dream as an educator of the youth. From a political perspective, we aim to show his importance in the religious and political area, as he was a mediator between the liberal state and the church during the Italian unification period. During this time, he developed a preventative system which integrated the reason and religion, using the goodness in response to the growing abandonment of the youth in Turin. Using the Oratory methodology, promoting youth protagonism, he implemented an integrated system where he created a formative model uniting the professional, educational and religious fields. With the creation of classes and vocational schools, it was possible for the permanence of the Church secularization, joining religion and technology. The proposed research objective and the achieved results indicate the importance of this theme for the religious science field, and also, how the preventative system actions of this religious leader can continue being a reference to educate and evangelize, in the context of social injustice and religious diversity / Esta pesquisa apresenta Dom Bosco como um líder religioso católico que atuou na Itália, no século XIX, num contexto de mudança social, política e religiosa. Para alcançar o objetivo que almejávamos, partimos do princípio da narrativa histórica situando-o dentro de sua realidade de família camponesa, numa aventura percorrida por ele para alcançar a realização de um sonho: o de se tornar educador dos jovens. Numa perspectiva de análise política, mostramos sua importância no campo político e religioso desempenhando um papel de hábil mediador entre os interesses da Igreja e do Estado Liberal no período da unificação italiana. Neste contexto de revoluções, iluminado por novos princípios pedagógicos e apoiado por um movimento de líderes no campo religioso e educacional, ele desenvolveu o sistema preventivo integrando a razão e a religião, usando-se da bondade como uma resposta adequada às necessidades da juventude em situação de abandono que crescia cada vez mais na cidade de Turim. Utilizando da metodologia do Oratório, favorecendo o protagonismo juvenil, ele implantou um sistema integrado onde criou um modelo formativo unindo espaço religioso, educacional e profissional. Com a criação de oficinas e escolas profissionalizantes possibilitou a permanência da ação da Igreja num contexto de secularização, unindo religião e tecnologia. O objetivo proposto pela pesquisa e o resultado alcançado indicam a importância do tema para a área da Ciência da Religião, e como a ação inovadora desse líder religioso pode continuar sendo referência para evangelizar e educar num contexto de desigualdade social e diversidade religiosa

The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the relationship between religion and revolution within the context of Egyptian Islamic culture. The discussion will begin with an investigation into the evolution of revolution as a concept, from its original scientific meaning within the writings of Copernicus to its current political meaning as a radical social break with the past. It will be argued that the revolutionary ideal of escaping fate and rationally constructing the future is the driving force behind the Modern era. Faith in the capacity of humanity for self-redemption could only arise after the scientific discoveries of the Renaissance began to disrupt the static metaphysical universe of the past. The concept of social development then arose in the Enlightenment as a quest for the liberation of reason so as to construct a new society free of myth and mystery. The discussion will then attempt to demonstrate that the culture of Egypt underwent a parallel philosophical development during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries due to the importation of modern technology. In order to prove this, the military reforms of Muhammad `Ali will be compared to Hobbe's concept of the Leviathan, the journalism of Muhammad `Abduh will be placed within the traditional Islamic debate concerning the ethical relationship between reason and revelation; the cult of nationalism will be contrasted with s&dotbelow;ufi mysticism; the social project of the Nasser regime will be interpreted in light of Rousseau's conception of the liberal social contract; and the thesis will conclude with a discussion of the thought of Sayyid Qutb in terms of the failure of Modernity to fulfil the promise of the Enlightenment.

No description available.

Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished