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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Soil Science, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 184-209).

Thesis (M.S.) in Plant, Soil and Environmental Sciences--University of Maine, 2003. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-84).

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:44:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fenille_rc_dr_botfca.pdf: 795582 bytes, checksum: 759ea8f4173e60afb2c35123120e9e29 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Rhizoctonia solani representa um patógeno de importância econômica mundial nas áreas de cultivo da soja. Pode estar associado a vários sintomas como tombamento, podridão de raízes e hipocótilos e mela ou requeima da soja. No Brasil, os níveis de danos pela mela em soja variam de 31 a 60%, em lavouras dos Estados do Norte e Nordeste. R. solani está dividido em 14 grupos de anastomose (AG), que diferem quanto aos aspectos culturais, virulência e fisiologia. Desta forma, objetivou-se caracterizar AG de R. solani associados à soja no Brasil. Dentre 73 isolados analisados quanto a condição nuclear, 6 foram binucleados e 67 multinucleados. Os isolados multinucleados (R. solani) foram caracterizados através de anastomose de hifas, temperaturas limites para crescimento micelial, requerimento de tiamina, temperatura letal, produção de escleródios e comparações por RAPD. Através de anastomose de hifas, 4 isolados causadores de tombamento e podridão de hipocótilos foram caracterizados como AG-4. Análises de RAPD permitiram verificar que três, desses quatro isolados, pertenciam ao AG-4 HGII, e o outro ao AG-4 HGI. Através da fusão de hifas com AG-2-2 IIIB, crescimento a 35oC e auxotrofismo para tiamina, foi caracterizado um isolado, causador de tombamento e podridão de raízes e hipocótilos. Sessenta e dois isolados, causadores de mela, realizaram anastomose de hifas com o AG-1 IA apresentando em média 19,3 mm/dia de crescimento radial , formando escleródios tipo ‘sasakii’, característicos desse subgrupo. O enquadramento desses isolados no subgrupo IA foi confirmado pela análise de RAPD entre os isolados de R. solani de soja e padrões dos subgrupos do AG-1. Estruturas sexuais de Thanatephorus cucumeris (anamorfo R. solani) foram produzidas por um isolado do AG-1 IA, em condições de estufa biológica à temperatura de 28±1oC... . / Rhizoctonia solani represents a pathogen economically important in all soybean-growing areas in the world. It causes pre- and post-emergence damping-off, root and hypocotyl rot and foliar blight of soybean. Foliar blight has resulted in yield losses of 31-60% in North and Northeast of Brazil. R. solani is divided into 14 anastomosis groups (AG), that differ in cultural appearance, virulence, physiology and genetic. The aim of this study was to characterize R. solani isolates associated with soybean in Brazil. Among seventy-three Rhizoctonia isolates examined according to nuclear condition, six were binucleate and sixtyseven were multinucleate. The multinucleate isolates (R. solani) were characterized according to anastomosis group, limit temperature to radial growth, thiamine requirement, lethal temperature, sclerotia production and molecular marker RAPD. Four isolates, cause of damping-off and hypocotyl rot, belonged to AG-4. RAPD analysis showed that among four isolates of AG-4, three grouped with HGII and one belonged to HGI subgroup. Other isolate, cause of damping-off and root and hypocotyl rot, growth at 35oC in the dark and thiamine auxotrophic, belonged to AG-2-2 IIIB. Sixty-two isolates, cause of foliar blight, belonged to AG-1 IA. The mean radial growth rate was 19,3 mm/day and producing sasakii-type sclerotia, characteristic to the IA subgroup. RAPD analysis among R. solani AG-1 IA isolates of the soybean and anastomosis group testers, corroborate the characterization in IA subgroup. Perfect-stage Thanatephorus cucumeris (anamorph Rhizoctonia solani) was produced by one AG-1 IA isolate, in incubator at 28±1oC. The AG-4 and AG-2-2 IIIB isolates were pathogenic in soybean seedlings cv. ‘FT-Cristalina’, under greenhouse condition, causing damping-off and root and hypocotyl rot. The AG-2-2 IIIB isolate caused large lesions and cortex... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).

Orientador: Nilton Luiz de Souza / Resumo: Rhizoctonia solani representa um patógeno de importância econômica mundial nas áreas de cultivo da soja. Pode estar associado a vários sintomas como tombamento, podridão de raízes e hipocótilos e mela ou requeima da soja. No Brasil, os níveis de danos pela mela em soja variam de 31 a 60%, em lavouras dos Estados do Norte e Nordeste. R. solani está dividido em 14 grupos de anastomose (AG), que diferem quanto aos aspectos culturais, virulência e fisiologia. Desta forma, objetivou-se caracterizar AG de R. solani associados à soja no Brasil. Dentre 73 isolados analisados quanto a condição nuclear, 6 foram binucleados e 67 multinucleados. Os isolados multinucleados (R. solani) foram caracterizados através de anastomose de hifas, temperaturas limites para crescimento micelial, requerimento de tiamina, temperatura letal, produção de escleródios e comparações por RAPD. Através de anastomose de hifas, 4 isolados causadores de tombamento e podridão de hipocótilos foram caracterizados como AG-4. Análises de RAPD permitiram verificar que três, desses quatro isolados, pertenciam ao AG-4 HGII, e o outro ao AG-4 HGI. Através da fusão de hifas com AG-2-2 IIIB, crescimento a 35oC e auxotrofismo para tiamina, foi caracterizado um isolado, causador de tombamento e podridão de raízes e hipocótilos. Sessenta e dois isolados, causadores de mela, realizaram anastomose de hifas com o AG-1 IA apresentando em média 19,3 mm/dia de crescimento radial , formando escleródios tipo 'sasakii', característicos desse subgrupo. O enquadramento desses isolados no subgrupo IA foi confirmado pela análise de RAPD entre os isolados de R. solani de soja e padrões dos subgrupos do AG-1. Estruturas sexuais de Thanatephorus cucumeris (anamorfo R. solani) foram produzidas por um isolado do AG-1 IA, em condições de estufa biológica à temperatura de 28±1oC... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: Rhizoctonia solani represents a pathogen economically important in all soybean-growing areas in the world. It causes pre- and post-emergence damping-off, root and hypocotyl rot and foliar blight of soybean. Foliar blight has resulted in yield losses of 31-60% in North and Northeast of Brazil. R. solani is divided into 14 anastomosis groups (AG), that differ in cultural appearance, virulence, physiology and genetic. The aim of this study was to characterize R. solani isolates associated with soybean in Brazil. Among seventy-three Rhizoctonia isolates examined according to nuclear condition, six were binucleate and sixtyseven were multinucleate. The multinucleate isolates (R. solani) were characterized according to anastomosis group, limit temperature to radial growth, thiamine requirement, lethal temperature, sclerotia production and molecular marker RAPD. Four isolates, cause of damping-off and hypocotyl rot, belonged to AG-4. RAPD analysis showed that among four isolates of AG-4, three grouped with HGII and one belonged to HGI subgroup. Other isolate, cause of damping-off and root and hypocotyl rot, growth at 35oC in the dark and thiamine auxotrophic, belonged to AG-2-2 IIIB. Sixty-two isolates, cause of foliar blight, belonged to AG-1 IA. The mean radial growth rate was 19,3 mm/day and producing sasakii-type sclerotia, characteristic to the IA subgroup. RAPD analysis among R. solani AG-1 IA isolates of the soybean and anastomosis group testers, corroborate the characterization in IA subgroup. Perfect-stage Thanatephorus cucumeris (anamorph Rhizoctonia solani) was produced by one AG-1 IA isolate, in incubator at 28±1oC. The AG-4 and AG-2-2 IIIB isolates were pathogenic in soybean seedlings cv. 'FT-Cristalina', under greenhouse condition, causing damping-off and root and hypocotyl rot. The AG-2-2 IIIB isolate caused large lesions and cortex... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below). / Doutor

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Journal article co-authored by the author inserted at end (Plant pathology (1991) 40, 67-77) Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-167) Describes the isolation of antibody and DNA probes which vary in their reaction to different anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia solani. Evidence is presented to show that isolates from anastomosis group 8 are biochemically distinct from isolates in other anastomosis groups found in South Australia.

Journal article co-authored by the author inserted at end (Plant pathology (1991) 40, 67-77) / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-167) / xxv, 167 leaves : ill., plates ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Describes the isolation of antibody and DNA probes which vary in their reaction to different anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia solani. Evidence is presented to show that isolates from anastomosis group 8 are biochemically distinct from isolates in other anastomosis groups found in South Australia. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Animal Sciences, 1992