Bibliography: leaves 149-173. / xiv, 173 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Plant Science, 1994

Bibliography: leaves 184-209. / xx, 219 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / This thesis describes the occurence of natural, biologically based suppression of Rhizoctonia barepatch in a direct drilled system at Avon, South Australia. The supressive characteristics are transferable, removed by biocidal treatments, and active against increasing doses of R. solani AG-8, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici and Fusarium graminearum. Disease severity and the viable population of Rhizoctonia are reduced in suppressive soil but the causal agent is still present. The microbial populations in suppressive and non-suppressive soil appear to differ both in their functioning and composition. The control strategy is developed through manipulation of the existing soil biota with farming practices. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Soil Science, 1996

Zugl.: Hohenheim, Univ., Diss., 2007

Univ., Diss., 2008--Kassel.

Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2006--München.

No description available.

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF JESSE MILLER, for the Master of Science degree in PLANT, SOIL, and AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS, presented on May 13, 2016 at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: THE EFFECTS OF STARTER FERTILIZER ON SOYBEAN INFESTED WITH FUSARIUM VIRULIFORME OR RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Jason Bond Fusarium virguliforme (Aoki), the fungus that causes sudden death syndrome of soybeans (SDS), is prevalent in most of the soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) production regions throughout the United States. Sudden death syndrome management has been limited to cultural practices and host resistance. Rhizoctonia solani (Kühn) is a fungus responsible for pre-emergence and post emergence damping off. Control methods include seed treatments and cultural practices. Several companies have advocated the use of in-furrow starter fertilizers in soybean production. Promoting root growth and emergence are a couple of the alleged benefits. It is unknown if the increased fertility in the root zone may actually increase or decrease the severity of root or seedling diseases. An objective of this study is to determine if the starter fertilizers (2-6-16), (7-12-11), (3-10-13) Nachurs Alpine Solutions™ impacts seedling disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani and soybean yield. A second objective is to determine if starter-fertilizer influences the incidence and severity of SDS and soybean yield. One trial was infested with R. solani at the rate of 0.9 g of inoculum/30.5 centimeters of row. A second trial was infested with F. virguliforme at the rate of 2.25 g/30.5 centimeters of row. Inoculum consisted of sterilized white sorghum inoculated with either pathogen. Plots were 3.04 meters wide by 6.1 meters in length with row spacing of 0.76 meters. Trials took place during the growing season of 2014 and 2015. In 2014, a randomized complete block design consisted of 4 treatments that were replicated 6 times and planted into 4 row plots. Treatments consisted of treated (Metalaxl™, Fluxapyroxad™, Pyraclostrobin™, and Imidacloprid™) or non-treated seed (‘Asgrow 4730’) combined with either fertilizer (2-6-16) or non-fertilizer. Across both trials, there were no seed treatment and fertilizer rate interactions. In the R. solani trial, stand counts were similar between the fertilizer and non-fertilizer treatments. Stand counts were higher when the seed treatment was used. There was no significant difference in soybean yield regardless of treatment. In the F. virguliforme trial, stand counts were reduced in the fertilizer treatment when compared to the non-fertilizer treatment. Foliar symptoms of SDS and soybean yield were not affected by treatment. In 2015, there were changes in treatment structure due to additions of fertilizer treatments 7-12-11 and 3-10-13. Seed treatments and randomized complete block design remained for 2015. Stand counts were higher in plots that received fertilizer treatments in the R. solani trial. Stand counts were lower in R. solani plots with treated seed. Yield was not influenced by seed treatment but was increased by 3-10-13 and 7-12-11 fertilizer treatments. For the F. virguliforme trial, reduced stand counts were found in the plots with seed treatments. Seed treatments did not influence yield. Fertilizer did not impact stand or yield. Foliar symptoms of SDS were not influenced by seed treatment or fertilizer.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-17T15:25:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-03-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-09-17T15:46:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000845926_20170101.pdf: 227536 bytes, checksum: 2a191bf5d74671d97251e88e7f0145ba (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2017-01-02T15:03:51Z: 000845926_20170101.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2017-01-02T15:05:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000845926.pdf: 1072676 bytes, checksum: cad2ff92580278b3dac67dc96e267389 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O fungo Rhizoctonia solani, é um fitopatógeno que ataca diversas culturas, provocando o tombamento de plântulas. Há vários estudos visando o combate deste micro-organismo, no entanto, não há relatos da composição química de sua biomassa. De acordo com a literatura a biomassa fúngica pode ser uma fonte promissora de moléculas para aplicação em ensaios biológicos. A partir disso, um estudo inédito da composição química da biomassa do R. solani, principalmente em relação aos polissacarídeos, foi realizado. O micro-organismo foi cultivado em meio mínimo de Vogel com glucose como fonte de carbono. A biomassa resultante de vários cultivos foi tratada consecutivamente com etanol (1:20 m/v, 78 °C, 12h, 1x), e água destilada a quente (1:20 m/v, 100 °C, 4h, 4x). O extrato aquoso foi submetido a ciclos de congelamento e descongelamento de maneira a separar o material insolúvel da fração solúvel que foi precipitada em etanol e denominada PEH2O (precipitado etanólico do extrato aquoso). A fração solúvel foi analisada por GPC, cujos resultados indicaram a necessidade de purificação adicional. A cromatografia de filtração em gel Sepharose CL-6B, a pressão normal, separou o PEH2O em cinco frações distintas, denominadas de PI a PV, eluídas em ordem decrescente de suas massas moleculares. A análise cromatográfica para verificar o grau de homogeneidade de cada pico (GPC) indicou que tanto PIII quanto PV estavam puros e aptos a serem quimicamente caracterizados. A hidrólise ácida e os resultados das análises de metilação e ressonância magnética nuclear uni e bidimensional mostraram que PIII é uma β-D-glucana com cadeia principal formada por ligações (1→3), (1→6) e parcialmente substituída em O-6 por cadeias laterais β-D-glucopiranosídicas e PV uma fucomanogalactana com a cadeia principal formada por resíduos α-D-galactopiranosídicos (1→6) ligados, parcialmente substituídos em O-2 por unidades... / The Rhizoctonia solani is a phytopathogenic fungus that attacks various crops, causing the tipping of seedlings. There are several studies related to the combat this microorganism, however, no reports of its biomass chemical composition. According to the literature the fungal biomass can be a promising source of molecules for the use in biological studies. Then a novel study of the chemical composition from R. solani biomass, mainly in relation to the polysaccharides, was conducted. The microorganism was grown in Vogel minimal salts medium with glucose as carbon source. Biomass resulting from various cultivations was treated consecutively with ethanol (1:20 w/v), 78 °C, 12h, 1x) and hot distilled water (1:20 w/v, 100 °C, 4h, 4x). The aqueous extract was subjected to freezing and thawing cycles in order to separate the insoluble material. The soluble fraction was precipitated in ethanol and named PEH2O (ethanolic precipitated from aqueous extract). That fraction was analyzed by GPC and the results indicated that an additional purification procedure would be necessary. Gel filtration chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B at normal pressure, separated the PEH2O in five distinct fractions named PI to PV, which eluted in decreasing order of their molecular weight. The chromatographic analysis to verify the homogeneity degree of each peak (GPC) indicated that both PIII as PV were pure and able to be chemically characterized. The results from acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis and uni- and bidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance experiments showed that PIII is a glucan with β-D-Glcp(1→3), (1→6)-linked main chain, partially substituted at O-6 by β-D-Glcp side chains and PV a fucomannogalactan with a main chain composed by (1→6)-linked -D-Galp partially substituted in O-2 by non-reducing end-units of α- L-Fucp and α-D-Manp. Some Galp units from main chain were partially methylated at OH-3. Both...

Memoria para optar al título profesional de: Ingeniero Agrónomo Mención: Sanidad Vegetal / El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la capacidad biocontroladora de cepas mejoradas de Trichoderma spp. obtenidas a través de fusión de protoplastos y aplicación de N-metil-N-nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidinio (NG) en cepas silvestres previamente caracterizadas y seleccionadas por su buena capacidad biocontroladora en Rhizoctonia solani. Se evaluó su efecto in vitro a través de antagonismo directo en cultivos duales, metabolitos volátiles y metabolitos difusibles en dos cepas de Rhizoctonia solani (509 (GA 2-1) y 618 (GA 4)). Las pruebas de antagonismo se realizaron a la temperatura y pH óptimo de crecimiento del patógeno. Las cepas ThF 2-1, ThF 2-18, ThF 3-3, ThF 4-15 y la cepa ThF 5-8, presentaron los mejores porcentajes de inhibición. También se evaluó la capacidad biocontroladora de las cepas antes indicadas, bajo condiciones de invernadero en plántulas de tomate de los cultivares 92.95 y Góndola susceptibles. En la prueba de inocuidad se evaluó altura, peso fresco y seco de las plántulas. Todas las cepas resultaron inocuas. Para evaluar la capacidad biocontroladora, las cepas se aplicaron en forma de pellets de alginato de sodio (1,7 g pellet/ L suelo) al suelo en macetas, previamente inoculado con el fitopatógeno en suelo estéril y se compararon con un tratamiento testigo (sólo Rhizoctonia solani) y con un tratamiento a base del fungicida pencycuron. Se evaluó peso fresco y seco de las plantas, cancrosis, desarrollo radical y mortalidad. La cepa mejorada ThF 4-15 fue el mejor agente de biocontrol en el cultivar de tomate Góndola, cuando se evaluó el nivel de cancrosis comparado con sus genotipos silvestres. En cuanto al desarrollo radical de las plantas los tratamientos que incluyeron a las cepas mejoradas, no tuvieron diferencias. También se estudió la viabilidad y sobrevivencia de las cepas bioantagonistas formulados como pellets en dos suelos (Antumapu y La Palma) a tres temperaturas de almacenaje (22ºC, 5ºC y temperatura ambiental de laboratorio (18,6-25°C)) determinándose su capacidad antagónica sobre el fitopatógeno a los 30, 60 y 90 días, observándose que las cepas biocontroladoras se mantuvieron viables en los suelos Antumapu y La Palma, al menos hasta los 90 días a las temperaturas estudiadas. Se determinó también que ellos conservan su capacidad antagónica

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