Specialized metabolism (secondary metabolism) in glandular trichomes of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and accumulation of specialized metabolites (secondary metabolites) in rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) was investigated using proteomic and metabolomic approaches, respectively. In an effort to further clarify the regulation of metabolism in the glandular trichomes of sweet basil, we utilized a proteomics-based approach that applied MudPIT (multidimensional protein identification technology) and GeLC-MS/MS (gel enhanced LC-MS/MS) to protein samples from isolated trichomes of four different basil lines: MC, SW, SD, and EMX-1. Phosphorylation, ubiquitination and methylation of proteins in these samples were detected using X!tandem. Significant differences in distribution of the 755 non-redundant protein entries demonstrated that the proteomes of the glandular trichomes of the four basil lines were quite distinct. Correspondence between proteomic, EST, and metabolic profiling data demonstrated that both transcriptional regulation and post-transcriptional regulation contribute to the chemical diversity. One very interesting finding was that precursors for different classes of terpenoids, including mono- and sesquiterpenoids, appear to be almost exclusively supplied by the MEP (2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4- phosphate) pathway, but not the mevolonate pathway, in basil glandular trichomes. Our results suggest that carbon flow can be readily redirected between the phenylpropanoid and terpenoid pathways in this specific cell type. To investigate the impact of genetic, developmental and environmental factors on the accumulation of phytochemicals in rhizomes of turmeric, we performed metabolomic analysis in a 2x2x4 full factorial design experiment using GC-MS, LC-MS, and LC-PDA. Our results showed that growth stage had the largest effect on levels of the three major curcuminoids. Co-regulated metabolite modules were detected, which provided valuable information for identification of phytochemicals and investigation of their biosynthesis. Based on LC-MS/MS data, 4 new diarylheptanoids were tentatively identified in turmeric rhizomes using Tandem-MSASC, a home-made software tool that automatically recognizes spectra of unknown compounds using three approaches. Based on our metabolomic results, we proposed two new strategies, “metabolomics-guided discovery” and “correlation bioassay”, to identify bioactive constituents from plant extracts based on information provided by metabolomic investigation.

This thesis examines a youth community arts network and Caja Lúdica, one of its founder organisations, in post-conflict Guatemala, and argues that they not only temporarily create spaces of encounter and community but through their networking and exchange strategies have established a rhizomatic assemblage of practice characterised by its perseverance and its dispersed agency in different parts of the country. As such, the thesis asks the following main three questions: What are the practices of Caja Lúdica and the Community Arts Network in Guatemala; what are youth protagonists’ experiences; and what contribution can their practices make to debates on community arts in challenging environments but also in other parts of the world? By using Deleuze and Guattari’s rhizome theory it highlights notions of networking, local protagonism and collectivity asks for more sustainable practice with youth and by introducing these terms into performance and community arts scholarship, where they are scarcely explored, it makes a critical contribution to these fields. A methodological approach based on rhizomatic notions has fostered the connection of a wide range of methods such as semi-structured interviews, participant observation, ‘following’ as a research method as well as photography, the latter two of which have been developed for researching this particular networking practice in Guatemala. By using a selected set of case studies, this investigation aims to grasp the diversity and dynamics of this practice, in particular its movement and expansion across community borders through its youth protagonists. These case studies include the exploration of a local youth group and their exchange activities as well as the observation of the Network’s collective rituals and public interventions. By doing so this thesis aims to emphasise the potential of youth as creative protagonists in challenging contexts and stresses the importance to further examine their potential and ability to resist marginalisation and contribute to the reconstruction of the social fabric in war-affected communities and beyond. It further proposes that a networking and more holistic approach to practice can foster more sustainable community arts processes, not just in terms of decreasing external funding dependency and determination, but also to establish a practice culture in and between initiatives based on collectivity, exchange and support, which becomes more important in times of austerity.

With the rise of First Nations owned and created television content at the turn of the century, came a demand to see an accurate representation of Aboriginality that could look at Aboriginals as both here and modern. From 2003-2006, the first Aboriginal made and produced television series entitled Moccasin Flats, I argue, used modern day hip-hop discourse to both engage and dissect a host of complex issues facing modern day urban Aboriginal society. This research project mobilizes multiple methodologies; including: 1.) Eco’s code and sign function semiotic analysis, which operates to identify various hip-hop codes in the text; 2.)Hall’s method of articulation to look at how meaning is fixed in the discourse surrounding the show; and finally 3) Deleuze’s rhizomic approach to identity to see how the shows main characters are constructed in a way to highlight the paradoxical and undercut certain flirtations with essentialization. This three-tiered methodological process paints a picture of a new complex use of discourse to accentuate different facets of aboriginality that had previously been the sole product of dominant hegemonic institutions which relied on racist stereotypes. By dissecting how identity is formed on Moccasin Flats, I will show how aboriginal filmmakers construct a self-reflexive space where the character is perpetually in the process of ‘becoming’ and identity is always a site of negotiation.

Thesis advisor: Frances Restuccia / What qualifies a work as distinctly modernist or postmodernist? Moving beyond the idea that modernism and postmodernism are primarily distinguishable on a temporal basis, D’Errico instead argues that the key difference between these two movements lies on a theoretical level. Grounded in a framework of contemporary theory put forth by Žižek, Lacan, Deleuze, and Badiou, D’Errico proposes that the Real-Symbolic relation manifests differently in modernist and postmodernist works; the structural paradigms of the torus and rhizome are helpful to illuminate this fundamental theoretical difference. Expanding on Žižek’s definitions of modernism and postmodernism (from Looking Awry ), D’Errico posits that a torus-shaped Real-Symbolic relation accords with modernism and that a rhizomatic Real-Symbolic relation accords with postmodernism. This interdisciplinary analysis of twentieth-century art mainly focuses on literature, but also invokes poetry, visual art, theatre, and film. Overall, D’Errico dissects the theoretical structures of The Sun Also Rises, Waiting for Godot, The Trial, White Noise, and Caché to qualify the alignment of each with either the modernist or postmodernist canon. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2020. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: English.

This project examines some of the most notable fiction of contemporary American writer Paul Auster through the postmodern lens of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s rhizome. Auster’s novels often feature characters that are also writers, characters that resurface in subsequent novels, and characters that bear a resemblance to Paul Auster himself. This thesis uses the philosophy of Deleuze and Guattari to better understand the significance of these puzzling characters. Ultimately, the model of the rhizome reveals a particular connectivity between Auster’s works underpinned by multiplicities, refrains, and a dislocation of origins.

Cette thèse explore les résurgences de motifs liés aux cultures celtiques dans les pièces de Shakespeare, c'est-à-dire la manière dont les cultures pré-chrétienne et pré-romaine des îles britanniques imprègnent l’œuvre théâtrale de William Shakespeare. Ces motifs n’apparaissent pas toujours de manière évidente à la surface du texte. Cela arrive parfois, mais ils requièrent souvent une analyse précise et approfondie. Cette question est jusqu’à présent restée relativement inexplorée ; en ce sens nous pouvons parler d’une construction de sens. Cependant, les cultures en question appartenant à un passé antique, il est possible d’accepter l’idée d’une ‘reconstruction’ d’un passé jusque là oublié. Basé sur une définition rigoureuse du terme ‘celtique’, cette étude examine en détail la présence des motifs, tout d’abord dans les chroniques auxquelles Shakespeare a pu avoir accès, sans oublier les notions d’oralité et de ‘discours’, inhérentes à l’analyse d’une culture avant tout orale. La figure du roi Arthur et la matière arthurienne, perçus comme la voie d’entrée dans le sujet, sont étudiés en relation avec les œuvres du dramaturge. Dans les pièces historiques, l’analyse des personnages venant des ‘marges’, i.e. le Pays-de-Galles, l’Irlande et l’Écosse informent sur la vision pré-moderne de ces ‘frontaliers’. Seules deux œuvres sont situées dans un contexte historique celtique : Cymbeline et Le Roi Lear, mais de nombreux motifs surgissent aussi dans d’autres pièces telles que Macbeth, Le songe d’une nuit d’été, La tempête, Le Conte d’hiver et d’autres. Ce travail de recherche révèle un substrat qui produit une nouvelle lecture enrichissante des œuvres de William Shakespeare / This dissertation explores the resurgence of motifs related to Celtic cultures in Shakespeare’s plays, that is to say the way the pre-Christian and pre-Roman cultures of the British Isles permeate the dramatic works of William Shakespeare. Such motifs do not always evidently appear on the surface of the text. They sometimes do, but most often, they require a thorough in depth exploration. This issue has thus far remained relatively unexplored; in this sense we can talk of a ‘construction’ of meaning. However, the cultures in question belong to an Ancient time, therefore, we may accept the idea of a ‘reconstruction’ of a forgotten past. Providing a rigorous definition of the term ‘Celtic’ this study offers to examine in detail the presence of motifs, first in the Chronicles that Shakespeare could have access to, and takes into account the notions of orality and discourse, inherent to the study of a primarily oral culture. The figure of King Arthur and the matter of Britain, seen as the entrance doors to the subject, are studied in relation to the plays, and in the Histories, the analysis of characters from the ‘margins’, i.e. Wales, Ireland and Scotland provides an Early Modern vision of ‘borderers’. Only two plays from the Shakespearean corpus are set in a Celtic historical context – Cymbeline and King Lear – but motifs surge in numerous other works, such as Macbeth, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Tempest, The Winter’s Tale and others. This research reveals a substrate that produces a new enriching reading of the plays

Esta dissertação associa a cerâmica às novas tecnologias do computador objetivando a criação de um CD-ROM híbrido. Trabalho que se realiza na construção de uma grande rede tramada com a poética da terra, dos devaneios da matéria, da massa e do fogo, do laborioso jogo do fazer com as mãos, com a poética do virtual, da extensão do corpo, do caminho labiríntico que se desdobra em muitas possibilidades no instante de um clicar eletrônico. Ao longo do desenvolvimento deste CD-ROM, imagens poéticas estarão entrelaçadas às informações e conhecimento científico sobre o assunto. A partir do conceito de trama é desenvolvida, com registros fotográficos e em vídeos, uma pesquisa pessoal com o material cerâmico em ateliê. Imagens destes trabalhos são utilizadas ao longo da construção do objeto CD-ROM assim como a de outras produções. Neste CD apresentam-se alguns profissionais brasileiros, que utilizam a cerâmica como suporte para sua expressão plástica, seus trabalhos, além de diversas técnicas e processos deste fazer. Todo o conteúdo informativo poderá ser acessado e enriquecido através da interatividade possibilitada pela hipermídia. Trata-se, portanto, de um trabalho que enfoca o individual e o coletivo. Utilizou-se para este desenvolvimento conceitos da área da comunicação e informática, tais como multimídia, hipermídia, hipertexto, interatividade, labirinto e rizoma, entre outros. / This issues associated with ceramic to the new technologies of computer and its goals on the creation of a hybrid CD-ROM. This work takes place in the construction of a great net schemed with the poetic of the earth, of the fantasy of the matter, of the mass and of the fire, the laborious game of doing with hands, with poetic of the virtual, of the extension of the body, of the labyrinth road that is unfolded in a lot of possibility in the moment of electronic clicks. Along the development of this CD-ROM, poetic of images will be interlaced to the information and scientific knowledge on the subject. It starts from the plot concept and it is developed with photographic registration and video, also with a personal research with the ceramic material in atelier. Image of these works have been used along the construction of this CD-ROM, as well as one of another productions. In this CD there are some Brazilians professionals that use the ceramic as support for its plastic expression in their works, besides several techniques and processes of this. The whole informative content can be accessed and enriched, through the integrate possibility for the hypermedia. It is, therefore, a work that focuses the individual and the collectively. It was used for this development several concepts of the area of the communication and computer science as multimedia, hypermedia, hypertext, interactive, labyrinth and rhizome among others.

Esta pesquisa visa a estudar a diversidade de configurações e perspectivas filosóficas, políticas e pedagógicas na prática cotidiana de professores de Arte da Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo para o Ensino Fundamental II e Ensino Médio. Para além disso, discutiremos a relação entre a pluralidade de práticas que ocorrem nas escolas e as expectativas dos documentos oficiais para o ensino de Arte. A pesquisa parte de uma caracterização geral dos professores de Arte indicando: número de profissionais, formações específicas e contextos de trabalhos para situar a análise das formas de compreensão, desenvolvimento e apropriação da proposta vigente. Por fim, procuramos levantar hipóteses de como estão organizados o ensino e os processos de aprendizagem em Arte, buscando possibilidades e limites dentro do que é determinado pelo atual currículo oficial de estrutura do ensino oficial regido pelo Estado de São Paulo. / This research aims to study the diversity of philosophical, political e pedagogical settings and perspectives in the daily practice of Art teachers from São Paulo States Secretary of Education for Secondary education Beyond that, we will discuss the relation between the plurality of practices which occurs in the schools and the expectations of official documents for Art teaching. The research begins characterizing Art teachers indicating: number of professionals, specific graduation e work context in order of situating the analyzes of manners of comprehensions, development e appropriation of the actual propositions. At last, we intend to raise hypothesis of how the teaching and the learning process are organized in Art, searching for possibilities and limits inside of which is determined by the current official curriculum of São Paulo State to the Art teaching.

Orientador: Luiz Claudio Di Stasi / Banca: Claudia Helena Pellizzon / Banca: Fabiana Gaspar Gonzalez / Resumo: Doença inflamatória intestinal (DII) é um termo coletivo ao grupo de desordens inflamatórias crônicas com relapsos no trato gastrointestinal, definidas principalmente por dois tipos, a colite ulcerativa e doença de Crohn. O uso de alimentos funcionais contendo componentes como fibras e compostos antioxidante tem sido empregado como estratégia terapêutica em enfermidades crônicas, pois são considerados eficazes na modulação do sistema imune e da microbiota colônca, controlando os processos da inflamação intestinal. O rizoma de Typha angustifolia L. possui alto conteúdo de fibras, fração de parede celular como celulose e a 11.25% de glutamina e 4.85% de glicina em suas folhas, os quais juntamente com a cisteína atuam como precursores da síntese de glutationa. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a atividade antiinflamatória da suplementação de farinha do rizoma de T. angustifolia L. (FRT) na dieta nas doses de 5%, 10% e 20%, isoladas e em associação a prednisolona a 2mg/Kg na colite experimental induzida por ácido trinitrobenzosulfônico (TNBS). O dano colônico foi avaliado macroscopicamente, microscopicamente e bioquimicamente, quantificando o conteúdo colônico de glutationa (GSH) e atividade da mieloperoxidade (MPO) e da fosfatase alcalina (FA), além de seu efeito prebiótico, na concentração de 20%, sobre bactérias Ácido-Láticas em amostras fecais. Adicionalmente foi avaliado á partir de extrato etanólico a 70% da FRT a atividade antioxidante in vitro por lipoperoxidação em membrana de cérebros de ratos e detecção fitoquímica qualitativa do grupo de saponinas, taninos, flavonóides e cumarinas. A suplementação de FRT na dose de 10% diminuiu significantemente o dano colônico evidenciado macroscopicamente, microscopicamente e bioquimicamente, com contenção nos níveis de GSH e diminuição nas atividades da MPO e FA... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a collective term to the group of chronic inflammatory disorders with relapses in the gastrointestinal tract, defined mainly by two types, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The use of functional foods containing ingredients such as fiber and antioxidant compounds have been used as a therapeutic strategy for chronic diseases because they are considered effective in the modulation of the immune system and colonic microbiota, controlling the processes of intestinal inflammation. The rhizome of Typha angustifolia L. has a high fiber content, cell wall fraction as cellulose and 11.25% of glutamine and 4.85% glycine in the leaves, which together with cysteine act as precursors of glutathione synthesis. This study investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the diet supplementation of T. angustifolia L. (FRT) rhizome at doses of 5%, 10% and 20%, alone and in combination with prednisolone 2 mg/kg in experimental colitis induced by trinitrobenzosulfônico acid (TNBS). The colonic damage was evaluated macroscopically, microscopically and biochemically by quantifying the colonic glutathione (GSH) content, mieloperoxidade (MPO) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, and in addition their prebiotic effect, at concentration of 20% on acid-lactic bacteria in fecal samples. Additionally the antioxidant activity was evaluated from FRT ethanol extract 70% by lipoperoxidation in vitro in membrane brains of mice and phytochemical qualitative detection of saponins, tannins, flavonoids and coumarins group. Dietary supplementation of FRT at dose 10% significantly decreased the colonic damage observed macroscopically, microscopically and biochemically, with counteraction of colonic GSH and decreased MPO and FA activity. Dietary supplementation of FRT in doses of 5% and 20% had only counteracted the colonic GSH. The combination of FRT with prednisolone did not... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

High-stakes testing has grown in scope and impact in recent years, as accountability decisions regarding funding, school sanctions, and teacher evaluations often depend on standardized test results. The shift toward more stringent and punitive testing mandates has not gone unchallenged however, as pockets of resistance have emerged among teachers, parents, and scholars, and a growing "opt-out" movement has picked up steam nationwide. Teachers in particular have played a critical role in resistance to high-stakes testing, even while adhering to these same policies in their professional roles. This study examines resistance to standardized testing via the 'opt-out' movement organizing process. I specifically look at teachers' participation in organizing and resistance, and how positions as teachers and sometimes parents influence their participation. I frame the project with a post-structuralism lens, utilizing the Deleuzoguattarian concept of the rhizome to illustrate the complex and connected nature of teachers' involvement in this social movement.