Rhythm is one of the most fundamental and important elements of musical performance, but many scholars maintain that rhythm sight-reading remains one of the biggest challenges for musicians in high school ensembles. The purpose of this study was to determine the rhythm sight-reading strategies of accomplished high school instrumentalists and whether the strategies they used were aligned with their respective visual, aural, kinesthetic, or read/write learning styles as determined by their VARK Questionnaire responses. The five questions that guided this inquiry were: (1) What learning strategies do Florida All-State musicians demonstrate while previewing challenging notated rhythm rhythms? (2) What learning strategies do Florida All-State musicians demonstrate while sight-reading challenging notated rhythms? (3) What sensory learning styles (visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic) do these demonstrated learning strategies represent? (4) Which sensory learning styles do these All-State musicians generally prefer while learning, according to their VARK Questionnaire results? (5) How do the learning strategies used successfully and unsuccessfully by these All-State musicians while sight-reading notated rhythms relate to their sensory learning style preferences? The 30 participants included 11th- and 12th-grade band musicians who had successfully auditioned into the Florida All-State Band or Orchestra multiple times. The verbal protocol analysis (VPA) technique was used to identify each student’s rhythm sight-reading strategies as they previewed and performed challenging rhythms on a keyboard. Data were coded and scored a minimum of two times. Each student musician’s strategies were then compared with his or her learning style preferences as determined by their responses to the VARK Questionnaire. The findings revealed that the participants used a wide variety of sight-reading strategies during both their preview time and while performing rhythms. Participants’ modality preferences, as determined by their responses to the VARK Questionnaire, were aural (83.3%), kinesthetic (73.3%), read/write (56.7%), and visual (53.3%). A comparison of the participants’ learning strategies to their preferred learning style preferences revealed that all 30 of the participants aurally or internally vocalized the rhythm patterns using “dut” or “1-e-&-a” syllables. Additionally, all but one of them utilized kinesthetic pulse strategies. The results of the study suggest that musicians may benefit from learning varied kinesthetic pulse and aural rhythm pattern strategies, as well as visual strategies, in order to select the ones that they like to use and best facilitate the execution of rhythms successfully. Additional findings indicate that high school musicians should be given adequate practice time so they can develop and apply their preferred strategies.

In 1924, Herbert Eimert’s Atonale Musiklehre was the first published text to describe a systematic approach to composing atonal music. It contains significant contributions to the discourse on the early development of twelve-tone composition. While Eimert uses the term “atonal” to describe his compositional approach, his definition of atonality demands that all twelve tones be present with none repeated, and that they present as complexes not ordered rows. Eimert’s discussion of atonality differs from others of the same period because he focuses on vertical sonorities and introduces “interlocking complexes”, wherein two separate statements of the aggregate can overlap by one pitch or by a set of pitches. Interlocking complexes are an important feature of Eimert’s string quartet Fünf Stücke für Streichquartett, which was published in 1925 and composed at the same time as Atonale Musiklehre was written. In the foreword to Atonale Musiklehre, Eimert clarifies that he is not the originator of the concept of atonality, rather that he absorbed the ideas of Josef Matthias Hauer and Jefim Golyscheff. Twelve-tone complexes appear first in Golyscheff’s 1914 String Trio. He refers to them as “twelve-tone duration complexes” and labels them in the score. As the name “duration complexes” implies, there are examples of serial rotation of rhythm in the Trio, a technique that is not developed further until the 1950s. Combined with the text of Atonale Musiklehre, the compositions of Golyscheff and Eimert from the year immediately following the book’s publication provide insight into the early development of “atonality” and twelve-tone compositional methods. Investigation of these documents that have not been thoroughly discussed in print provides a broader perspective of the development of these methods of composition.

This master thesis is focused on designing a concept of a biodynamic tunable white luminaire for the interior capable of producing user defined output or simulating the conditions of natural exterior lighting. The thesis describes the physiological basis of human sensitivity to lighting and the consequences, as well as the principles of semiconductor radiation sources. Finally, it deals with methods of sensing the lighting conditions and describing the design and functions of the system elements and final implementation.

The aim of this study was to assess how young children between the ages of one and four years develop rhythm skills. The project was a pilot study conducted at 11 preschools and day care centers in Stockton, California, and included 60 children. Thirty behaviors comprised the test of various aspects of rhythmic performance. The children were video-taped and the tapes were then analyzed. By examining how many children in a particular age group could perform a particular task, a sequence became apparent. This body of research can now be used as a basis for further studies with the aim of establishing a standardized assessment scale of rhythm development and other musical skills.

abstract: Languages have long been studied through the rhythm class framework, which discriminates them into separate classes on the basis of shared rhythmic properties. Originally these differences were attributed to the isochronous timing of different prosodic units, such as stress intervals in “stress-timed” languages and syllables in “syllable-timed” languages. More recent work has turned to durational metrics as a means of evaluating rhythm class, by measuring the variability and proportion of segmental intervals in the speech stream. Both isochrony and durational metrics are no longer viewed as correlative with natural language rhythm, but durational metrics in particular have remained prevalent in the literature. So long as the conclusions of durational metrics are not overextended, their analysis can provide a useful mechanism for assessing the compatibility of a language with a given rhythm class by way of comparative analysis. This study therefore presents a durational-metric comparison of Scottish Gaelic, a language which has frequently been described as stress-timed but has never been empirically tested for rhythm class, with English, a prototypical and well-studied example of a stress-timed language. The Gaelic metric scores for %V (percentage of vocalic content), ΔV (standard deviation in vocalic interval length), and ΔC (standard deviation in consonantal interval length) (Ramus et al. 1999) are shown to be very similar to those measured for English, indicating that the language displays similar patterns of durational variability and segmental proportion typically ascribed to a rhythmically stress-timed language. This provides clear support for the classification of Scottish Gaelic as stress-timed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Linguistics and Applied Linguistics 2020

Orientador: Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla / Resumo: Introdução: O desenvolvimento de estratégias para redução no custo do sequenciamento de genoma completo (WGS) é importante para projetos que demandam por grandes quantidades de amostras. Uma estratégia de baixo custo é o sequenciamento de baixa cobertura aliado a técnicas de imputação para genotipagem eficiente e de confiabilidade adequada. A malária é uma das principais doenças transmitidas por artrópodes no mundo e o Brasil é considerado um país com alta incidência de malária, principalmente na região Amazônica, sendo principal vetor o mosquito Anopheles darlingi. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi desenvolver estratégia para analisar dados de WGS de baixa cobertura de mosquitos Anopheles darlingi coletados no município de Mâncio Lima no Acre e verificar associação entre dados genéticos e dados de importância epidemiológica, tais como comportamento de picada, horário de atividade e distanciamento em escala microgeográfica. Materiais e métodos: Amostras de mosquitos Anopheles darlingi foram coletadas no município de Mâncio Lima - AC, entre 2016 e 2017. As bibliotecas foram preparadas com Nextera™ XT e sequenciadas no NextSeq500 da Illumina. Foi realizado genotipagem por sequenciamento e aplicado imputação. Estudos de associação ampla do genoma foram realizados com comportamento de picada e horário de atividade. Sinais de estratificação na população foram investigados por FST amplo no genoma e teste de permutação para significância. Resultados: Sinais fracos porém si... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: Strategy development to reduce the cost of whole genome sequencing (WGS) is important for projects that demand large quantities of samples. A low-cost strategy is low-coverage sequencing combined with imputation techniques for efficient genotyping and sufficient confiability. Malaria is one of the main diseases transmitted by arthropods in the world and Brazil is considered a country with a high incidence of malaria, especially in the Amazon region with the main vector being the Anopheles darlingi mosquito. Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop a strategy to analyze low-coverage WGS data from Anopheles darlingi mosquitoes collected in the municipality of Mâncio Lima in Acre State and verify associations between genetic data and data of epidemiological importance, such as biting behavior, time of activity and distance on a microgeographic scale. Materials and methods: Samples of Anopheles darlingi mosquitoes were collected in the municipality of Mâncio Lima - AC, between 2016 and 2017. The libraries were prepared with Nextera ™ XT and sequenced on Illumina's NextSeq500. Genotyping by sequencing was performed and imputation was applied. Genome wide association studies were performed with biting behavior and time of activity. Population stratification signals were investigated by genome-wide FST and permutation test applied for significance. Results: Weak but significant stratification signals were identified considering distances of 2 to 3 k... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Adipose tissue secretes many important biologically active proteins called adipokines. A subset of adipokines, called C1q tumor necrosis factor (TNF) related proteins (CTRPs), play a key role in metabolism, inflammation, and cell signaling. C1q TNF Related Protein 3 (CTRP3) increases hepatic fatty acid oxidation, decreases inflammation, and aids in cardiovascular recovery following a myocardial infarction. However, the mechanisms behind CTRP3’s protective effects on organ systems are unknown. This exploratory study aims to analyze the circulating oligomeric state of CTRP3 and the circadian regulation of CTRP3 to help understand the role of CTRP3 in preventing disease. METHODS: For analysis of the oligomeric state of CTRP3 non-fasting mouse serum was collected from high fat fed hyper-glycemic mice or low fat fed normoglycemic mice and was separated by size exclusion filtration. For analysis of the circadian regulation of CTRP3 serum samples were collected from mice at 4 different time points (2 dark cycle and 2 light cycle) throughout the day and circulating CTRP3 levels were analyzed by immunoblot analysis. RESULTS: In both high fat and low fat fed mice CTRP3 was found to circulate in both >300 kDa oligomers and >100kDa oligomers, with no detectable amount of CTRP3 less 100 kDa. Interestingly, although there was no difference in the total amount of CTRP3 between the high fat and low fat fed mice there was a higher abundance of CTRP3 >300 kDa in the high fat fed and a greater abundance of CTRP3 found 100-300 kDa. Additionally, we found that serum CTRP3 levels vary greatly throughout a 24-hour time-period within each mouse, but no consensus circadian pattern was observed. CONCLUSION: In vitro mammalian produced recombinant CTRP3 protein was found to exist as trimer, hexamer, and high molecule weight. This is the first study to indicate that CTRP3 circulates in different oligomeric states in vivo, and this is also the first study to observe a difference in the oligomeric state of CTRP3 related to metabolic state. Combined these findings indicate that oligomeric state of CTRP3 may be more metabolically relevant than total amount of circulating CTRP3. In addition, our finding of a high variability of CTRP3 within the same mouse at different times throughout the day indicates that is not regulated by circadian rhythms but is susceptible to variability due to some unknown regulatory factor. These findings have identified novel unknown aspects of CTRP3, which require further research to understand the role of CTRP3 in human health and disease.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第23364号 / 理博第4735号 / 新制||理||1679(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 森 哲, 教授 曽田 貞滋, 教授 中川 尚史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

This project uses the program of a house on Claytor Lake as a vehicle for exploring the role of turning in protecting and uniting adjacent spaces.  Drawing was the primary means for this process of exploration, and can be read wholly and without the support of related text.  Figures at various scales -- from column to tree, resident to house -- both inhabit and articulate the project.  This house celebrates the preeminence of the hallway, and emphasizes its authority with the presence of subordinate figures and an agonistic landscape. / Master of Architecture

A major advantage of having behavior controlled by a circadian clock is that the organism may be able to anticipate, rather than respond to, important daily events in its environment. Here, we describe the behavioral rhythms of locomotor activity and web building in the orb-weaving spider Cyclosa turbinata (Walckenaer, 1841). Web building occurs late in the scotophase, in absolute darkness, and is initiated and completed before lights-on under light:dark cycles in the laboratory. This scheduling presumably enables web-building to occur under the cover of darkness, thereby avoiding visual predators. Locomotor activity occurs predominantly in the dark with a sharp peak within one hour after lights-off and a broader peak occurring before lights-on. The locomotor activity rhythm free runs under constant dark and constant temperature conditions, thus indicating endogenous circadian control. Evidence from the free running rhythm suggests that the first peak under light:dark cycles is a result of masking but that the second peak is attributable to the endogenous circadian oscillator. The period of the free run is exceptionally short, about 19 hours. In comparison with locomotor activity, web building is quite sporadic under constant dark conditions, making detection of periodicities difficult and, therefore, whether web-building is under endogenous circadian control or is driven by exogenous factors remains unresolved.