CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Neste trabalho estudamos hipersuperfÃcies mÃnimas completas e com curvatura de Gauss-Kronecker constante em uma forma espacial Q4(c). Provamos que o Ãnfimo do valor absoluto da curvatura de Gauss-Kronecker de uma hipersuperfÃcie mÃnima completa em Q4(c); c ≤ 0; na qual a curvatura de Ricci à limitado inferiormente, à igual a zero. AlÃm disso, estudamos hipersuperfÃcies mÃnimas conexas M3 em uma forma espacial Q4(c) com curvatura de Gauss-Kronecker K constante. Para o caso c ≤ 0, provamos, por um argumento local, que se K à constante, entÃo K deve ser igual a zero. TambÃm apresentamos uma classificaÃÃo de hipersuperfÃcies completas mÃnimas em Q4 com K constante. Exemplos de hipersuperfÃcies mÃnimas que nÃo sÃo totalmente geodÃsicas no espaÃo Euclidiano e no espaÃo hiperbÃlico com curvatura de Gauss-Kronecker nula sÃo apresentados. / In this work we study complete minimal hypersurfaces with constant Gauss-Kronecker curvature in a space form Q4(c). We prove that the infimum of the absolute value of the Gauss-Kronecker curvature of a complete minimal hypersurface in Q4(c); c ≤ 0; whose Ricci curvature is bounded from below,is equal to zero. Futher, we study the connected minimal hypersurfaces M3 of a space form Q4(c) with constant Gauss-Kronecker curvature K. For the case c ≤ 0, we prove, by a local argument, that if K is constant, then K must be equal to zero. We also present a classification of complete minimal hypersurface of Q4 with K constant. Examples of complete minimal hypersurfaces which are not totally geodesic in the Euclidean space R4 and the hiperbolic space H4(c) with vanishing Gauss-Kronecker curvature are also presented.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / In the present work, we consider a class of Finsler metrics using the warped product notion introduced by B. Chen, Z. Shen and L. Zhao (2018), with another “warping”, one that is consistent with the form of metrics modeling static spacetimes and simplified by spherical symmetry over spatial coordinates, which emerged from the Schwarzschild metric in isotropic coordinates. We will give the PDE characterization for the proposed metrics to be Ricci-flat and construct explicit examples. Whenever possible, we describe both positive-definite solutions and solutions with Lorentz signature. For the latter, the 4-dimensional metrics may also be studied as Finsler spacetimes.

LIMA, Marcos Cesar Vasconcelos. Variedades completas com espectro positivo. 2011. 53 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Matemática) – Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2011. / Submitted by Andrea Dantas (pgmat@mat.ufc.br) on 2017-08-24T16:54:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_mcvlima.pdf: 397902 bytes, checksum: 57fa923d41f8ebc402900120bee15521 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rocilda Sales (rocilda@ufc.br) on 2017-08-25T11:09:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_mcvlima.pdf: 397902 bytes, checksum: 57fa923d41f8ebc402900120bee15521 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-25T11:09:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_mcvlima.pdf: 397902 bytes, checksum: 57fa923d41f8ebc402900120bee15521 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-17 / In this dissertation we will present a theorem about the ends of complete manifold due to Peter Li and Jiaping Wang. This result can be interpreted as a generalization of Cheeger-Gromoll splitting theorem, which states that a complete Riemannian manifold M with nonnegative Ricci curvature then M has only one end or M is isometric to a product space R L, where L is a compact Riemannian manifold with nonnegative Ricci curvature. What Li-Wang did was expand this result for manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded from below by a nonnegative constant. / Nessa dissertação apresentaremos um teorema sobre os fins de um variedade completa devido a Peter Li e Jiaping Wang. Esse resultado pode ser interpretado como uma generalização do teorema splitting de Cheeger-Gromoll, que afirma que se uma variedade Riemanniana M completa tem curvatura de Ricci não-negativa então M tem somente um fim ou M é isomémetrica a um produto da forma R L, onde L é uma variedade Riemanniana compacta com curvatura de Ricci não-negativa. O que Li-Wang fizeram foi ampliar tal resultado para variedades de curvatura de Ricci limitada inferiormente por uma constante negativa.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第22975号 / 理博第4652号 / 新制||理||1668(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科数学・数理解析専攻 / (主査)教授 山口 孝男, 教授 藤原 耕二, 教授 入谷 寛 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

<div>In the present work, we consider a class of Finsler metrics using the warped product notion introduced by B. Chen, Z. Shen and L. Zhao (2018), with another “warping”, one that is consistent with the form of metrics modeling static spacetimes and simplified by spherical symmetry over spatial coordinates, which emerged from the Schwarzschild metric in isotropic coordinates. We will give the PDE characterization for the proposed metrics to be Ricci-flat and construct explicit examples. Whenever possible, we describe both positive-definite solutions and solutions with Lorentz signature. For the latter, the 4-dimensional metrics may also be studied as Finsler spacetimes.</div>

La courbure de Ricci grossière d’un processus markovien sur un espace polonais est définie comme un taux de contraction local de la distance de Wasserstein W1 entre les lois du processus partant de deux points distincts. La première partie de cette thèse traite de résultats valables dans le cas d’espaces polonais quelconques. On montre que l’infimum de la courbure de Ricci grossière est un taux de contraction global du semigroupe du processus pour la distance W1. Quoiqu’intuitif, ce résultat est difficile à démontrer en temps continu. La preuve de ce résultat, ses conséquences sur le trou spectral du générateur font l’objet du chapitre 1. Un autre résultat intéressant, faisant intervenir les valeurs de la courbure de Ricci grossière en différents points, et pas seulement son infimum, est un résultat de concentration des mesures d’équilibre, valable uniquement en temps discret. Il sera traité dans le chapitre 2. La seconde partie de cette thèse traite du cas particulier des diffusions sur les variétés riemanniennes. Une formule est donnée permettant d’obtenir la courbure de Ricci grossière à partir du générateur. Dans le cas où la métrique est adaptée à la diffusion, nous montrons l’existence d’un couplage entre les trajectoires tel que la courbure de Ricci grossière est exactement le taux de décroissance de la distance entre ces trajectoires. Le trou spectral du générateur de la diffusion est alors plus grand que la moyenne harmonique de la courbure de Ricci. Ce résultat peut être généralisé lorsque la métrique n’est pas celle induite par le générateur, mais il nécessite une hypothèse contraignante, et la courbure que l'on doit considérer est plus faible. / The coarse Ricci curvature of a Markov process on a Polish space is defined as a local contraction rate of the W1 Wasserstein distance between the laws of the process starting at two different points. The first part of this thesis deals with results holding in the case of general Polish spaces. The simplest of them is that the infimum of the coarse Ricci curvature is a global contraction rate of the semigroup of the process for the W1 distance between probability measures. Though intuitive, this result is diffucult to prove in continuous time. The proof of this result, and the following consequences for the spectral gap of the generator are the subject of Chapter 1. Another interesting result, using the values of the coarse Ricci curvature at different points, and not only its infimum, is a concentration result for the equilibrium measures, only holding in a discrete time framework. That will be the topic of Chapter 2. The second part of this thesis deals with the particular case of diffusions on Riemannian manifolds. A formula is given, allowing to get the coarse Ricci curvature from the generator of the diffusion. In the case when the metric is adapted to the diffusion, we show the existence of a coupling between the paths starting at two different points, such that the coarse Ricci curvature is exactly the decreasing rate of the distance between these paths. We can then show that the spectral gap of the generator is at least the harmonic mean of the Ricci curvature. This result can be generalized when the metric is not the one induced by the generator, but it needs a very restricting hypothesis, and the curvature we have to choose is smaller.

The central objects of study in this thesis are metric measure spaces. These are metric spaces which are endowed with a reference measure and enriched with basic topological, geometric and measure theoretical properties. The objective of the first part of the work is to characterize metric measure spaces whose symmetry groups admit a differential structure making them Lie groups. The second part is concerned with the analysis of the induced geometry of spaces admitting non-trivial symmetries. More in detail, it is shown that in many cases synthetic notions of Ricci curvature lower bounds are inherited by quotient spaces.

<p>The curvatures in Finsler geometry can be defined in similar ways as in Riemannian geometry. However, since there are fewer restrictions on the metrics, many geometric quantities arise in Finsler geometry which vanish in the Riemannian case. These quantities are generally known as non-Riemannian quantities and interact with the curvatures in controlling the global geometrical and topological properties of Finsler manifolds. In the present work, we study general weighted Ricci curvatures which combine the Ricci curvature and the S-curvature, and define a weighted flag curvature which combines the flag curvature and the T -curvature. We characterize Randers metrics of almost isotropic weighted Ricci curvatures and show the general weighted Ricci curvatures can be divided into three types. On the other hand, we show that a proper open forward complete Finsler manifold with positive weighted flag curvature is necessarily diffeomorphic to the Euclidean space, generalizing the Gromoll-Meyer theorem in Riemannian geometry.</p>

This thesis is twofold. In the first part, a proof of the interpolation inequality along geodesics in p-Wasserstein spaces is given and a new curvature condition on abstract metric measure spaces is defined. In the second part of the thesis a proof of the identification of the q-heat equation with the gradient flow of the Renyi (3-p)-Renyi entropy functional in the p-Wasserstein space is given. For that, a further study of the q-heat flow is presented including a condition for its mass preservation.

Given a compact smooth manifold Mn without boundary and n ≥ 3, the Lp-norm of the curvature tensor, defines a Riemannian functional on the space of Riemannian metrics with unit volume M1. Consider C2,α-topology on M1 Rp remains invariant under the action of the group of diffeomorphisms D of M. So, Rp is defined on M1/ D. Our first result is that Rp restricted to the space M1/D has strict local minima at Riemannian metrics with constant sectional curvature for certain values of p. The product of spherical space forms and the product of compact hyperbolic manifolds are also critical point for Rp if they are product of same dimensional manifolds. We prove that these spaces are strict local minima for Rp restricted to M1/D. Compact locally symmetric isotropy irreducible metrics are critical points for Rp. We give a criteria for the local minima of Rp restricted to the conformal class of metrics of a given irreducible symmetric metric. We also prove that the metrics with constant bisectional curvature are strict local minima for Rp restricted to the space of Kahlar metrics with unite volume quotient by D. Next we consider the Riemannian functional given by In [GV], M. J. Gursky and J. A. Viaclovsky studied the local properties of the moduli space of critical metrics for the functional Ric2.We generalize their results for any p > 0.