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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

L’or bleu, une ressource à redéfinir : la conciliation du droit à l’eau et de ses enjeux

Watson, Naomi C. 10 1900 (has links)
Naguère perçue comme une ressource inépuisable, nous assistons actuellement à une crise mondiale de l’eau douce. Dans ce contexte, il est primordial de vérifier si et comment les individus peuvent bénéficier d’une protection adéquate en ce qui a trait à la fourniture d’eau et comment une telle protection pourrait être mise en place. Au moyen d’une approche juridicopolitique, le présent mémoire vise à renforcer l’existence d’un droit de l’homme à l’eau et à analyser la problématique de la gestion des ressources en eau à travers différents accords commerciaux et la gouvernance de l’eau, à l’échelle internationale et au Canada. Au final, le mémoire démontre qu’il pourrait exister une telle protection puisqu’un droit à l’eau évolue en droit international, mais le caractère exécutoire de ce droit est conditionnel à sa reconnaissance par les États. L’observation de ce cas a plutôt mis en lumière une tendance à la privatisation des ressources en eau à l’échelle internationale, tendance qui devrait être révisée afin que le droit à l’eau puisse être réalisé pour tous. / Formerly considered as an inexhaustible resource, there is presently a global fresh water shortage.In this context, it is essential to verify if and how we can assure adequate protection of the water supply and how such a protection could be put in place. Using a juridico-political approach, the purpose of this thesis is to reinforce the existence of a human right to water and to analyze water management problems through various trade agreements and water governance structures, internationally and in Canada. Our analysis reveals the evolution of a human right to water in international law but its enforceability is preconditioned to the recognition of this right by States. Our observations highlight an international tendency toward privatizing water resources, a tendency that should be revised to ensure the realization of a right to water for all.
12

Versorgungsgerechtigkeit in einer nachhaltigen Trinkwasserwirtschaft. Ein institutionenökonomischer Ansatz zur Berücksichtigung des sozialen Anliegens im Zielfächer der Wasserpolitik

Bretschneider, Wolfgang 07 July 2016 (has links)
Die vorliegende Arbeit versucht einen Begriff der Versorgungsgerechtigkeit im Kontext der Trinkwasserversorgung zu konturieren, der auf Nachhaltigkeit hin programmiert ist. Das bedeutet im Sinne des Drei-Säulen-Modells der Nachhaltigkeit, dass beim Verfolg dieses sozialen Zieles, sogleich die ökologischen und ökonomischen Bedingungen mit-gedacht werden sollen. Zugrunde liegt die Annahme, dass so auch das soziale Ziel bes-ser erreicht werden kann. Grundkonzept ist vor diesem Hintergrund, einen Begriff der Versorgungsgerechtigkeit zu entwickeln, der das Spannungsfeld der aristotelischen Unterscheidung von iustitia distributiva und iustitia commutativa umgreift. Erstere richtet ihren Blick auf den ein-zelnen privaten Haushalt mit seinen Bedarfen und Möglichkeiten. Hier stellt sich für diese Arbeit besonders und in erster Linie die Frage, welche Bedingungen seiner Was-sernachfrage jeweils für den Haushalt zumutbar sind. Letztere sorgt hingegen für einen (Interessen-) Ausgleich zwischen dem jeweiligen Wasserkonsumenten und all jenen Teilen der Gesellschaft (inkl. ökologischer Umwelt), die von dieser Wassernutzung be-troffen sind (stakeholder). Sie schlägt den Bogen zu den ökologischen und ökonomischen Nachhaltigkeitsbelangen. Dieses Spannungsfeld wird übertragen auf den Begriff des „Zugangs“, der in der Recht-auf-Wasser-Debatte Grundlage für eine Debatte zur Umsetzung ist. Richtet man den Blick – auf „Zugang“ – auf die Zugangshürden (z. B. der Wasserpreis), dann wird deutlich, dass diese Hürden (potenziell) Nachhaltigkeitsfunktionen erfüllen (z. B. Refinanzierung von Dienstleistungen, Schutz aquatischer Ökosysteme). Das zentrale Ergebnis lautet: Versorgungsgerechtigkeit, mithin ein „angemessener Zugang“, ist gegeben, wenn die Zugangshürden, denen sich der Nutzer gegenübersieht (nachhaltigkeits-)funktional, zumutbar und außerdem nicht-diskriminierend sind. Im weiteren Verlauf der Arbeit wird u. a. das Verhältnis von Funktionalität und Zumut-barkeit definiert, werden Messkonzepte zur Zumutbarkeit (affordability) betrachtet und werden Ansatzpunkte einer Politik der Versorgungsgerechtigkeit diskutiert.
13

O direito à água no direito internacional / The right to water in international law.

Riva, Gabriela Rodrigues Saab 15 May 2014 (has links)
A presente dissertação tem como tema o direito à água e objetiva compreender como se dá sua inserção no Direito Internacional. Para tanto, pretende-se analisar o tratamento dado pelo Direito Internacional do Meio Ambiente e especialmente pelo Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos às questões relativas ao acesso à água, assim como à prioridade na alocação dos recursos hídricos para a satisfação das necessidades humanas. Inicialmente, procede-se a uma investigação analítica das principais discussões a respeito do acesso e da preservação da água, notadamente aquelas realizadas em conferências internacionais de cunho ambiental e explicitadas nas diversas declarações da comunidade internacional. Dedica-se, ainda de forma analítica, a refazer o caminho que levou ao reconhecimento do direito à água no âmbito dos direitos humanos, com o intuito de definir as suas bases normativas e jurisprudenciais. Finalmente, visando fornecer parâmetros doutrinários, normativos e jurisprudenciais para a ampla compreensão da presença e dos contornos do direito à água no Direito Internacional, procede-se à análise de seu conteúdo em termos de direitos e obrigações, das implicações de sua afirmação como um direito humano, assim como dos diversos aspectos de sua natureza jurídica. / The subject of this academic work is the right to water and it aims to understand the insertion of this human right in International Law. With that in mind, the present study intends to analyze the ways which International Environmental Law and mainly International Human Rights Law deal with issues of water access, as well as with priorities in the allocation of water resources to supply the human needs. It initially proceeds to an analytical investigation of the main discussions with regards to water access and water conservation, mostly carried out at international conferences and announced in a number of declarations on environmental issues made by the international community. This study also commits to revise the path that led to the recognition of the right to water in the human rights field, aiming to determine its normative and jurisprudential basis. Finally, in order to provide doctrinal, normative and jurisprudential parameters for a better understanding of the presence and configuration of the right to water in International Law, this work subsequently focuses on the analysis of its content in terms of rights and obligations, on the implications of its formulation as a human right, as well as on the varied aspects of its legal nature.
14

O direito à água no direito internacional / The right to water in international law.

Gabriela Rodrigues Saab Riva 15 May 2014 (has links)
A presente dissertação tem como tema o direito à água e objetiva compreender como se dá sua inserção no Direito Internacional. Para tanto, pretende-se analisar o tratamento dado pelo Direito Internacional do Meio Ambiente e especialmente pelo Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos às questões relativas ao acesso à água, assim como à prioridade na alocação dos recursos hídricos para a satisfação das necessidades humanas. Inicialmente, procede-se a uma investigação analítica das principais discussões a respeito do acesso e da preservação da água, notadamente aquelas realizadas em conferências internacionais de cunho ambiental e explicitadas nas diversas declarações da comunidade internacional. Dedica-se, ainda de forma analítica, a refazer o caminho que levou ao reconhecimento do direito à água no âmbito dos direitos humanos, com o intuito de definir as suas bases normativas e jurisprudenciais. Finalmente, visando fornecer parâmetros doutrinários, normativos e jurisprudenciais para a ampla compreensão da presença e dos contornos do direito à água no Direito Internacional, procede-se à análise de seu conteúdo em termos de direitos e obrigações, das implicações de sua afirmação como um direito humano, assim como dos diversos aspectos de sua natureza jurídica. / The subject of this academic work is the right to water and it aims to understand the insertion of this human right in International Law. With that in mind, the present study intends to analyze the ways which International Environmental Law and mainly International Human Rights Law deal with issues of water access, as well as with priorities in the allocation of water resources to supply the human needs. It initially proceeds to an analytical investigation of the main discussions with regards to water access and water conservation, mostly carried out at international conferences and announced in a number of declarations on environmental issues made by the international community. This study also commits to revise the path that led to the recognition of the right to water in the human rights field, aiming to determine its normative and jurisprudential basis. Finally, in order to provide doctrinal, normative and jurisprudential parameters for a better understanding of the presence and configuration of the right to water in International Law, this work subsequently focuses on the analysis of its content in terms of rights and obligations, on the implications of its formulation as a human right, as well as on the varied aspects of its legal nature.
15

The impact of privatisation of water supply and services on the fulfilment of human water rights in selected developing countries

Harun, Ibrahim January 2010 (has links)
No description available.
16

Water and sanitation, a fundamental human right? : A study of the United Nations legal framework towards the fundamental Human Right to water and sanitation.

Holmström, Linn January 2012 (has links)
The Earth consists of approximately 70 percentage of water, but only 1 percent is at present suitable to drink with no sanitation. Water is vital for human life and should be accessible to all human beings, stated even through its legal definition. Reviewed in this paper is that globalization has over the years brought both stunning benefits and openings for many individuals in regards to water and sanitation. However, these opportunities are yet not available for all, since currently approximately 2.5 billion of the world’s population lack access to sanitation, and for about 1 billion individual’s access to safe drinking water is absent. Harmed health leading to death is a crucial consequence of this enormous lack. International coherence and acknowledgement for this challenging situation is at present part of the global agenda, and through this, water and sanitation have been recognized as a fundamental human right by the United Nations (UN) and implemented in its legal framework. However, its definition can be questioned. The United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) declare that water shall be available and accessible for all human beings. Within several of the UNs adopted documents, water shall additionally be sufficient, affordable, safe and acceptable, and contain a certain standard of quality. Nevertheless, obstacles occur regarding these requirements through its interpretation. The question arises if the right within its classification can guarantee the fundamental right to water and sanitation to be incorporated, compatible and functional in human rights law.  Besides this, the role of sustainable development and, regional and national legislations in the implementation process is additionally addressed to acknowledge how the right is ensured and protected.
17

The impact of privatisation of water supply and services on the fulfilment of human water rights in selected developing countries

Harun, Ibrahim January 2010 (has links)
No description available.
18

O direito humano à água na UNASUL : reconhecimento, tratamento normativo, garantias e desafios / The human right to water at UNASUR : recognition, regulatory treatment, guarantees and challenges

Espíndola, Isabela Battistello 14 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-06-14T19:23:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissIBE.pdf: 1172180 bytes, checksum: 82aa23f15687b9fb7110d4f15cbc782b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-27T20:07:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissIBE.pdf: 1172180 bytes, checksum: 82aa23f15687b9fb7110d4f15cbc782b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-27T20:07:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissIBE.pdf: 1172180 bytes, checksum: 82aa23f15687b9fb7110d4f15cbc782b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-27T20:16:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissIBE.pdf: 1172180 bytes, checksum: 82aa23f15687b9fb7110d4f15cbc782b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / This research proposes, based on the recognition of the right to water as a human right, inseparable from the right to life and other human rights, by the General Assembly of the United Nations, to investigate the possibility of its effectiveness and presence in countries that are part of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR). Therefore, based on the understanding of the debates that involves the access to water as a human right, including its relationship with the environment, a comparison of the legislative reality of water in UNASUR was made. Thus, it was firstly elaborated a reconstitution of the emergence of UNASUR in relation to its location, composition, objectives and internal functioning analyzing the Union official documents, its councils and also defending that the Union represents the own maturity of South America in the construction of a multipolar world. This primarily part also approach the environmental issue, contemplating how UNASUR and its members understand the environment. In the second part, it is made a historical description about the incorporation of the access to water as a human right. Thirdly, it is presented an analysis of the legislation of UNASUR member countries related to the human right to water, seeking to demonstrate whether such countries explicitly recognize in their legal systems this fundamental human right. Based upon these previous stages, it is discussed the current status of the human right to water recognition in UNASUR, the possible solutions to the obstacles that obstruct the realization and effectuation of this right, developing considerations in the use of new methodologies for the application of the human right to water. Is was verified that UNASUR recognizes the importance of the environment in its Constitutive Treaty, but it still lacks the presence of an internal body that is responsible for this cause. Is was found that although the human right to water is a basic right and that all States have an obligation to guarantee this right for their populations, many of the UNASUR member do not do so, within the exception of Bolivia, Ecuador and Uruguay, which explicitly recognize the human right to water in their respective Constitutions. In other Member States it is possible to indirectly measure this right in their constitutional norms, using the relation of this human right with other rights. It is concluded that it is fundamental that the UNASUR member states explicitly recognize the human right to water, not only for reasons based on the economic development of the region, but also for the guarantee of access to water for the population against a possible palpable scenario of scarcity of this resource. / Propôs-se nesta pesquisa, a partir do reconhecimento do direito à água como direito humano, indissociável do direito à vida e dos demais direitos humanos, pela Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas, investigar a sua efetividade e presença nos países que fazem parte da União das Nações Sul-Americanas (UNASUL). Para tanto, com base na compreensão de debates que envolvem a temática do acesso a água como um direito humano, incluindo sua relação com o meio ambiente, fez-se um cotejo da realidade legislativa da água na UNASUL. Diante disto elaborou-se, em um primeiro momento, uma reconstituição do surgimento da UNASUL em relação a sua localização, composição, objetivos e funcionamento interno a partir da análise de documentos oficiais da união e de seus conselhos, defendendo também que a união representa a própria maturidade da América do Sul na construção de um mundo multipolar. Nessa primeira etapa também se aborda a questão ambiental, contemplando como que a UNASUL e seus membros compreendem o meio ambiente. Em segundo momento realizou-se um apanhado histórico da incorporação do acesso a água potável como um direito humano. Em terceiro realizou-se uma análise da legislação dos países membros da UNASUL em relação ao direito humano à água, indagando se tais países reconhecem explicitamente em seus ordenamentos jurídicos esse direito fundamental do ser humano. A partir das etapas anteriores, discute-se o status atual do reconhecimento do direito humano à água na UNASUL, as possíveis soluções para os entraves que dificultam a efetivação desse direito e o seu alcance, desenvolvendo considerações na utilização de novas metodologias para a aplicação do direito humano à água. Verificou-se que a UNASUL reconhece a importância do meio ambiente em seu Tratado Constitutivo, mas ainda peca pela falta da existência de um órgão interno que seja responsável por essa causa. Constatou-se que apesar do direito humano à água ser um direito básico e de todos os Estados terem a obrigação de assegurar esse direito para suas populações, muitos dos países membros da UNASUL não o fazem, salvo Bolívia, Equador e Uruguai que reconhecem explicitamente o direito humano à água em suas respectivas Constituições. Nos demais Estados membros é possível aferir indiretamente esse direito nas normas constitucionais, utilizando-se da relação deste direito humano com outros direitos. Conclui-se que é fundamental que os Estados membros da UNASUL reconheçam explicitamente o direito humano à água, não somente por motivos baseados no desenvolvimento econômico da região, mas também para a própria garantia do acesso à água para a população frente a um possível cenário palpável de escassez deste recurso. / FAPESP: 2016/05898-3 / FAPESP: 2015/16633-8
19

The right to water in respect of HIV / AIDS in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Luketa, Mukuna Emile January 2013 (has links)
No abstract available. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Centre for Human Rights / unrestricted
20

The impact of privatisation of water supply and services on the fulfilment of human water rights in selected developing countries

Harun, Ibrahim January 2010 (has links)
Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / South Africa

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