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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Ecologia da ictiofauna do estuário do rio Paciência, Ilha do Maranhão - Brasil

SILVA JÚNIOR, Milton Gonçalves da 23 February 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2013-02-27T18:22:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Tese_EcologiaIctiofaunaEstuario.pdf: 15681832 bytes, checksum: c8ac5ecdd63f9ab6ff2ec60be8615fff (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva(arosa@ufpa.br) on 2013-03-04T13:16:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Tese_EcologiaIctiofaunaEstuario.pdf: 15681832 bytes, checksum: c8ac5ecdd63f9ab6ff2ec60be8615fff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-03-04T13:16:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Tese_EcologiaIctiofaunaEstuario.pdf: 15681832 bytes, checksum: c8ac5ecdd63f9ab6ff2ec60be8615fff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / FAPEMA - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico do Maranhão / BASA - Banco da Amazônia S.A. / Os sistemas estuarinos funcionam como importante habitat para várias especies de peixes, atraves das redes de canais de mare. Sob o ponto de vista ecologico, a comunidade ictiofaunística desempenham importante funcao no balanco energetico dos varios niveis tróficos dos ecossistemas estuarinos. Neste contexto, o presente estudo objetivou: determinar as distribuições espaco-temporais da ictiofauna; explicar suas características comportamentais e ecologicas; comparar a composicao da biomassa relativa, guildas ecologicas e funcionais em diferentes sistemas estuarinos da costa Norte; investigar a influencia das variaveis bioticas e abioticas e sua correlacao com os padroes biologicos da ictiofauna e identificar alteracoes na integridade biotica dos canais de mare estudados, utilizando a ictiofauna. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de amostragens bimestrais nos canais de mare Iguaiba, Grande e Cristovao, no periodo de janeiro/2006 a setembro/2007, utilizando redes de emalhar e tapagem. Paralelamente, foram tomadas amostras na camada superficial da agua para determinacao das variaveis fisico-quimicos e dos nutrientes inorganicos dissolvidos. Na caracterizacao ecologica das especies, foram empregados indices que estimam a diversidade, equitabilidade e riqueza. O Indice de Integridade Biotica foi aplicado para avaliar os efeitos das possiveis alteracoes ambientais na ictiofauna. Tecnicas univariadas (ANOVA, Kruskall-Wallis) e multivariadas (Cluster, nMDS, SIMPER, COIA e curvas ABC) foram usadas para comparar as especies e os locais de capturas. No total foram capturados 12.219 peixes distribuídos em 55 especies e 27 familias. As familias Sciaenidae, Ariidae, Carangidae, Engraulidae e Mugilidae apresentaram maior riqueza de especies. Ariopsis bonillai e Cetengraulis edentulus, apresentaram maior contribuicao para a formacao de grupos mais similares; Stellifer naso e Cynoscion acoupa foram responsaveis pela dissimilaridade entre os grupos formados. Cerca de 66% dos peixes capturados foram representados por individuos jovens, confirmando a condicao de bercario dos sistemas estuarinos. Os registros ictiofaunisticos entre o Golfao Marajoara e Maranhense apontam a ocorrência de 140 especies. Especies marinhas visitantes ocasionais e de agua doce ocorreram ocasionalmente. Marinhas estuarino-oportunistas e estuarino dependentes apresentaram maior contribuicao no Golfao Maranhense, ja as estuarino residentes apresentaram biomassa elevada em todos os sistemas estuarinos investigados. Detritivoros ocorreram principalmente no Pará e zoobentivoros no Maranhao. A ocorrencia de piscivoros foi inversamente proporcional a abundancia de juvenis. A co-estrutura formada entre variaveis ambientais-peixes foi significativa. As variaveis salinidade, pH, silicato, amonio, fosfato e nitrato influenciaram na estrutura da ictiofauna. Nenhuma especie se associou a ambientes com elevadas concentracoes de nutrientes inorganicos. As curvas ABC demonstraram que o ambiente estuarino encontra-se moderadamente perturbado, enquanto o indice de integridade caracterizou a qualidade ambiental dos canais de mare entre muito pobre a regular. O estudo mostrou que os canais de mare são importantes areas de criacao devido a dominancia de juvenis; a ictiofauna apresenta sazonalidade em relacao aos periodos hidrologicos; a comunidade peixes presente nos canais de mare pode atuar como indicadora da qualidade de ecossistemas submetidos a pulsos de mares. Considera-se, portanto, a protecao dos canais entre-mares dos manguezais uma ação essencial para o manejo dos recursos pesqueiros, uma vez que existe uma forte relacao entre abundancia da ictiofauna e a composição estrutural do habitat. / Estuarine systems constitute an important habitat for different species of fish. From the ecological standpoint, the ichthyofauna plays an important role in the energy balance between trophic levels in estuarine ecosystems. Thus, the following were aims of the present study: determine the spatiotemporal distribution of the ichtyofauna; explain behavioral and ecological characteristics; compare the composition of relative biomass, ecological and functional guilds in different estuarine systems in northern Brazil; investigate the influence of biotic and abiotic variables and correlations with the biological patterns of the ichthyofauna; and identify changes in the biotic integrity of the tidal creeks studied. Data were acquired through bimonthly sampling in the Iguaiba, Grande and Cristovao tidal creeks between January 2006 and September 2007, using gillnets and block nets. Samples were also taken of the surface water for the determination of physicochemical parameters and dissolved inorganic nutrients. Diversity, evenness and richness indices were employed for the ecological characterization of the species. The biotic integrity index was used to assess the effects of possible environmental changes on the ichthyofauna. Univariate (ANOVA, Kruskall-Wallis) and multivariate (Cluster, nMDS, SIMPER, COIA and ABC curves) statistical methods were used to compare species and capture sites. A total of 12,219 individuals distributed among 55 species and 27 families were caught. The families Sciaenidae, Ariidae, Carangidae, Engraulidae and Mugilidae had the greatest species richness. Ariopsis bonillai and Cetengraulis edentulus made the greatest contribution to the formation of similar groups. Stellifer naso and Cynoscion acoupa were responsible for the dissimilarity between the groups formed. Approximately 66% of the fish caught were juveniles, thereby confirming the use of estuarine systems as nurseries. The records between the Marajoara and Maranhao Gulfs indicate the occurrence of 140 species. Marine occasional visitors and freshwater species occurred occasionally. Marine estuarine-opportunists and estuarine dependents species made the largest contribution to the Maranhão Gulf, whereas estuarine residents species had high biomass values in all estuarine systems investigated. Detritivores occurred mainly in the state of Para and zoobenthivores were found mainly in the state of Maranhao. The occurrence of piscivores was inversely proportional to the abundance of juveniles. The co-structure formed between environment-fish parameters was significant. Salinity, pH, silicate, ammonium, phosphate and nitrate exerted an influence over the structure of the fish community. No species were associated with environments with high concentrations of inorganic nutrients. The ABC curves revealed that the estuarine environment is moderately disturbed and the integrity index characterized the environmental quality of the tidal creeks as very poor to fair. The presence of juveniles demonstrates the importance of tidal creeks to fish development. The ichthyofauna analyzed in the present study exhibits seasonality with regard to hydrological periods. The fish community in tidal creeks can serve as an indicator of the quality of ecosystems submitted to tidal pulses. Therefore, the protection of tidal creeks in mangroves is essential to the management of fishery resources, considering the strong association between ichthyofauna abundance and the structural composition of the habitat.

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