Thesis (Ingeniero Agrʹonomo)--Escuela Superior Politʹecnica de Chimborazo. Facultad de Recursos Naturales. Escuela de Ingenierʹia Agronomica. / Abstract in Spanish and English.

Thesis (Ingeniero Agrʹonomo)--Escuela Superior Politʹecnica de Chimborazo. Facultad de Recursos Naturales. Escuela de Ingenierʹia Agronomica. / Abstract in Spanish and English.

Thesis (Ingeniero Zootecnista)--Escuela Superior Politecnica de Chimborazo. Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias. Escuela de Ingeniera Zootecnica. / Abstract in Spanish and English.

This investigation was done with the objective to determine the microbiological load of the main meat products such as: beef, chicken meat, sausage, and viena sausage which are sold in the Riobamba city markets. This investigation was carried out in the Microbiological Laboratory Livestock Science faculty of the Polytechnical Superior school. Specific chemical products were used to determine mesofilas (37 degrees C), xicrofilas (5 degrees C), and termofilas bacteria which did not develop at 45 degrees C, however exicrofilas and mesofilas bacteria were found in every market and meat product in this study. The meat product hygiene is the same in all market conditions. There is no change in the handle or conservation of these products, especially with the handmade products such as sausage and long sausage. My personal point of view is that they are more dangerous for our health because they are not cooked before eaten and because of the way they are conserved. On the contrary, when the meat was cooked, termofilas were not found, since at 50°C temperature, the bacteria begins to be destroyed by the warmth, which give us some confidence to eat cooked food. However, the problem continues because the toxins that the bacteria release are more dangerous, therefore, we must investigate the toxin matter released by the bacteria in the meat products. When meat is eaten, such as hamburgers or roasted meat, there is a risk of acquiring some diseases. The expenses of an investigation of this kind are too high to perform a complete biochemical test which would provide better results that can be relied on. This thesis is patterned to make a project aimed at improvement of the hygiene and quality of these products that are used on a daily basis. In all, the situation in Ecuador is the same as in this city, it is extremely urgent to stress the importance of this issue. The consumption of meat of bad quality is not a good source of nutrition for our people.

The alfalfa harvest in Ecuador constitutes one of the most important activities, especially as a primary product for animal feeding. The crop is widely distributed in the mountain region of the country. It is important to have studies on the production systems, which facilitate a real and compete vision of those characteristics that interact among them in the agricultural production. With this knowledge it will be possible to look for the most adequate solutions to the conditions of the area where alfalfa is produced. The objectives of the study reported herein were: 1. To make an agricultural, social and economical diagnosis in the community of El Troje, San Luis Parish, Riobamba Canton, Province of Chimborazo. 2. To identify the production system used by the farmers to harvest alfalfa in El Troje community.

A mediados del siglo XVIII, como parte del proyecto reformista del gobierno Borbónico se dio inicio al proceso de secularización de doctrinas en el mundo colonial. Un proceso histórico que ha sido interpretado en forma general como un fenómeno que respondía al constante conflicto entre ambos cleros y/o a la propia tendencia secularizadora dieciochesca. El presente trabajo busca hacer una relectura de este fenómeno, partiendo de la siguiente interrogante:¿Cómo puede ser entendido el conflicto por el control de las parroquias de indios conocidas como doctrinas a lo largo del periodo colonial Hispanoamericano; y que se intensificó durante el siglo XVIII? Se propone buscar la respuesta a esta pregunta mediante un estudio microhistórico, combinado con una reconstrucción de redes de poder, que aborda lo sucedido en la Secularización de una doctrina específica, Guano, en el corregimiento de Riobamba, parte de la Real Audiencia de Quito en el año 1754. En este estudio microhistórico se explora la pugna por las doctrinas, entendida como una expresión de tensión que se manifestaba en varias dimensiones y escalas entre y dentro del Estado, Iglesia y redes de poder local. Así se trata del estudio de un problema general visto a través de un análisis de escala microscópica.