Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:15:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WolliverDias.pdf: 3685063 bytes, checksum: 2953027d085ff6193c938c6c73f7b42d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-26 / Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná / The banks erosion in river is in the most dynamic processes of the landscape and can be influenced by several factors. The bank erosion is a result of the interaction between the ravines conditions and the fluvial characteristics. Therefore, erosion rates are determined by the ravines resistance against the potential erosive flow. The adjacent land use is also a determining factor in erosion processes, once the protection exerted by riparian vegetation ceases to exist when it is replaced for other ends. This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of banks erosion along the Guabiroba River located in Guarapuava - PR. However, it was considered the physical parameters of the evaluated sections: material texture, ravines face resistance, slope, and the fluvial stream characteristics. The estimated margins erosion was performed by monitoring erosion pins (volumetric technique). Thus, it was possible to quantify rates of river banks erosion at Guabiroba River, as well as identify and classify the occurring erosion processes. The material loss value along the river banks at Guabiroba River was approximately 1684.7 tons, registered between October 2010 and January 2012, mainly represented by the interaction of corrosion processes and undermining. / A erosão das margens de rios encontra-se entre os processos mais dinâmicos da paisagem, podendo ser influenciado por diversos fatores. A erosão das margens é resultado da interação entre as condições dos barrancos e das características fluviais. Assim, as taxas de erosão são determinadas pela resistência do barranco frente ao potencial erosivo do fluxo. O uso da terra nas adjacências também é determinante nos processos erosivos, tendo em vista a proteção exercida pela vegetação ripária que deixa de existir quando as matas ciliares são substituídas por outros usos. O presente trabalho buscou analisar a dinâmica da erosão de margens plenas ao longo do rio Guabiroba, localizado no município de Guarapuava - PR. Para tanto, levou-se em consideração os parâmetros físicos das seções avaliadas: textura do material, resistência da face do barranco, declividade e características do canal fluvial. A estimativa da erosão das margens foi realizada através do monitoramento dos pinos de erosão (técnica volumétrica). Desta forma, foi possível quantificar as taxas de erosão das margens do rio Guabiroba, bem como identificar e classificar os processos erosivos ocorrentes. O valor de perda de material ao longo das margens do rio Guabiroba foi de aproximadamente 1684,7 toneladas, registrados entre outubro de 2010 e janeiro de 2012, representados principalmente pela interação dos processos de corrasão e solapamento.

The area between a stream and land is known as a riparian zone. These zones are highly dynamic whichcarry and accumulate heavy metals and environmental contaminants. Discrete Riparian Input Zones(DRIPs) are a subset of such zones that carry concentrated amounts of water into streams at discrete points.These are more active in their ability to channel water than riparian zones. These areas are important sincethey may retain or release metals and thereby affect the stream chemistry. To test if DRIPs accumulatemetals, 7 DRIPs and 4 Non-DRIPs were sampled along the C5 stream in the Krycklan Catchment. Soilsamples were taken from the surface down to 0.5 m depth at 0.1 m increments and were analysed for totalmercury, metals and loss on ignition. Three metals (vanadin, iron and zinc) were identified as having significant differences in concentration between DRIP and Non-DRIPS. Vanadin and Fe had significantlyhigher concentrations in Non-DRIPs, whereas iron had higher concentrations in DRIPs. Mercury,cadmium, iron, and loss on ignition (LOI) were found to decrease as depth increased, whilst Al was foundto increase with depth. Finally many elements are inter-related, but those with the strongest correlation areLOI and mercury, and iron and cadmium, both r > 0.85. LOI and mercury are strongly related as mercurybinds strongly to organic matter. The relationship of Fe and Cd is likely due to the Fe-oxide and Cdrelationship.

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-12-01T19:40:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Lucas Gabriel A. Pereira.pdf: 8559526 bytes, checksum: b0f6ba0982104d5a1057b1207b6f4c0e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-12-01T19:40:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Lucas Gabriel A. Pereira.pdf: 8559526 bytes, checksum: b0f6ba0982104d5a1057b1207b6f4c0e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-12-01T19:40:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Lucas Gabriel A. Pereira.pdf: 8559526 bytes, checksum: b0f6ba0982104d5a1057b1207b6f4c0e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T19:41:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Lucas Gabriel A. Pereira.pdf: 8559526 bytes, checksum: b0f6ba0982104d5a1057b1207b6f4c0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-09 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / The width of riparian zones and its conservation has been topic of discussion in political and scientific circles. The Brazilian Forest Code (BFC), which regulates creation of Permanent Protection Areas (PPA) prescribes protection of riparian vegetation up to 30 m on both stream sides. Studies conducted in Central Amazon showed that this width is not efficient in maintaining plant and animal biodiversity and ecosystem processes associated to them. We investigated the influence of distance to the stream on bat guild and species abundance, number and composition. We hypothesize that bat assemblage changes with distance to the stream. We believe that this change occurs at species composition level with increasing abundance, mainly of frugivorous and nectarivorous bats in areas close to streams. Bats were captured with mist-nets in 24 riparian plots and 25 non-riparian plots within a trail grid in a primary terra-firme forest at northeast of Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. Each plot was sampled thrice in 7056 net-hours. A total of 1.138 bats were captured, composing 51 species, five families and five trophic guilds. We used model selection by AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) in linear and piecewise regressions to estimate existence of ecological threshold for bat assemblage. For animalivorous and nectarivorous bat abundance, quantitative and qualitative species composition and guild composition, piecewise models with one breakpoint were more parsimonious and had greater Akaike weights than linear models. Animalivorous bat abundance was higher close to the stream up to 181 m and frugivorous bat abundance decreased up to 50 m of distance to the stream. The change on animalivorous bat abundance suggests that feeding areas away from streams may provide enough food to maintain more individuals of that guild and the opposite of that may occur for frugivorous bat abundance. The width of riparian zone recognized by bat species was up to 114 m of distance to the stream and was given by qualitative composition model. Given this width, requirements of 30 m for forest protection in riparian PPAs with streams of up to 10 m do not incorporate composition of bat species in riparian areas. Clearing of vegetation after 30 m allowed by law reduces 380% of riparian forest habitat that is necessary for conservation of bat assemblage in riparian zones. Ecological thresholds obtained from studies in primary forests at community level, combined with landscape descriptors suitable to animal and plant species ecology should be an effective strategy to predict width of riparian habitats necessary for biodiversity preservation. / A largura das zonas ripárias e sua conservação tem sido assunto de discussões no meio científico e político. O Código Florestal Brasileiro (CFB), que regulamenta a criação de Áreas de Proteção Permanente, determina a proteção de até 30 m de vegetação ripária em ambos os lados de pequenos riachos. Estudos realizados na Amazônia Central verificaram que esta largura não é eficiente em preservar a biodiversidade de alguns grupos animais e vegetais e processos ecossistêmicos associados a eles. Nós investigamos a influência da distância ao riacho sobre a abundância, número e composição de espécies e guildas tróficas de morcegos. A nossa hipótese é que a assembleia de morcegos muda com a distância ao riacho. Nós acreditamos que essa mudança se dê no nível de composição de espécies com o aumento da abundância, principalmente dos morcegos frugívoros e nectarívoros, nas áreas próximas aos riachos. Morcegos foram capturados com redes de neblina em 24 parcelas ripárias e 25 parcelas não-ripárias inseridas em uma grade de trilhas em uma floresta primária de terra firme a nordeste de Manaus, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Cada parcela foi amostrada três vezes, totalizando 7.056 horas-rede. Ao total foram capturados 1.138 morcegos, distribuídos em cinco famílias e 51 espécies, compondo cinco guildas tróficas. Utilizamos seleção de modelos por AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) nas regressões lineares e piecewise para estimar a existência de um limiar ecológico para a assembleia de morcegos. Para abundância de animalívoros e frugívoros, composição quantitativa e qualitativa de espécies e composição de guildas tróficas os modelos piecewise com um ponto de quebra foram mais parcimoniosos e tiveram maior peso do que os modelos lineares. A abundância dos morcegos animalívoros foi maior na região próxima ao riacho até 181 m e a abundância de morcegos frugívoros diminuiu até 50 m. Essa mudança na abundância de animalívoros sugere que áreas de forrageio mais afastadas do riacho devem fornecer alimento suficiente para manter maior número de indivíduos dessa guilda trófica e o inverso deve acontecer para os frugívoros. A largura da zona ripária reconhecida pelas espécies de morcegos foi de 114 m de distância ao riacho e foi dada pelo modelo de composição qualitativa. Considerando essa largura, as prescrições do CFB para proteção de 30 m de floresta em APP’s ripárias com riachos de até 10 m não incorporam a composição das espécies de morcegos de áreas ripárias. O desmatamento da vegetação depois de 30 m permitido pela legislação reduz 380% do habitat de floresta ripária necessário para a manutenção da assembleia de morcegos em zonas ripárias. Limiares ecológicos obtidos de estudos de comunidades em florestas primárias, combinados com descritores da paisagem apropriados à ecologia de espécies vegetais e animais devem constituir uma estratégia eficiente para prever a largura de habitats ripários necessária à preservação da biodiversidade.

Ph.d.-afhandling. Den kongelige Veterinær- og Landbohøjskole, 2002. / Haves også i trykt udg.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Numerous studies have investigated the fate of pollutants in riparian buffers, but few studies have focused on the control of multiple contaminants simultaneously in riparian zones. To better understand what drives the biogeochemical cycles of multiple contaminants in riparian zones, a 19-month study was conducted in riparian buffers across a range of hydrogeomorphic (HGM) settings in the White River watershed in Indiana. Three research sites [Leary Webber Ditch (LWD), Scott Starling (SS) and White River (WR)] with contrasting hydro-geomorphology were selected. We monitored groundwater table depth, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), dissolved oxygen (DO), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), NO3-, NH4+, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), SO42- , total Hg and methylmercury (MeHg). Our results revealed that differences in HGM conditions translated into distinctive site hydrology, but significant differences in site hydrology did not lead to different biogeochemical conditions. Nitrate reduction and sulfate re-oxidation were likely associated with major hydrological events, while sulfate reduction, ammonia and methylmercury production were likely associated with seasonal changes in biogeochemical conditions. Results also suggest that the LWD site was a small sink for nitrate but a source for sulfate and MeHg, the SS site was a small sink for MeHg but had little effect on NO3-, SO42- and SRP, and the WR was an intermediate to a large sink for nitrate, an intermediate sink for SRP, and a small source for MeHg. Land use and point source appears to have played an important role in regulating solute concentrations (NO3-, SRP and THg). Thermodynamic theories probably oversimplify the complex patterns of solute dynamics which, at the sites monitored in the present study, were more strongly impacted by HGM settings, land use, and proximity to a point source.