The aim of this master's thesis, entitled Project Risk Management, is to identify the risks of a particular project, to analyze them and to propose measures to reduce or eliminate them as much as possible. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part introduces the basic professional terminology, as well as the individual phases of the project management, and emphasis is placed on presenting the project risk management process. The findings from the theoretical part are then applied in the practical part. This practical part introduces the context of the project of building a community center on the Rusinga Island and its output is an identification of risks, risk analysis and also a proposal of preventive measures of the risks of this project.

I företag och organisationer är det vanligt att riskanalyser genomförs som ett led i arbetet med att hantera de risker och hot som verksamheten kan möta. En viktig del i en riskanalys är det första steget som går ut på att identifiera risker och hot, så kallad riskidentifiering. En brasiliansk studie pekar på att kunskapen kring riskidentiferingstekniker i brasilianska företag generellt sett är låg. Eftersom det förefaller finnas ingen eller mycket lite forskning i ämnet applicerat på svenska företag valde jag att undersöka hur stor kunskap som svenska tillverkningsföretag med huvudkontor i Göteborgsregionen har kring riskidentiferingstekniker. Tanken är dels att resultatet av undersökningen dels ska kunna utvecklas och användas som underlag i andra vetenskapliga studier, men också att det ska kunna vara möjligt att användas till en mer praktisk tillämpning. Undersökningen genomfördes med en kvantitativ enkätundersökning där jag så långt som möjligt försökte utforma frågor och svarsalternativ utifrån de regler och standarder som finns inom metodiklitteraturen. Frågorna rörde huruvida företaget tidigare hade gjort en riskanalys tidigare, hur stor kunskap de hade kring ett antal nämnda tekniker för riskidentifiering och om de hade använt några av dessa tidigare. Populationen avgränsades till att bara omfatta företag som låg innanför vissa kriterier. Enkäten skickades sedan till populationens samtliga 134 företag, varav 34 (25%) fullföljde och skickade in sina svar. Det är för få företag för att resultatet ska kunna generaliseras, men utifrån de förutsättningar och begränsningar som har funnits anser författaren att undersökningen har en god validitet och reliabilitet. Resultatet av undersökningen visar till att börja med att det 41% av företagen har genomfört en riskanalys tidigare. Brist på tid och kunskap är två faktorer som är bidragande till att vissa företag inte har valt att genomföra en riskanalys. Undersökningen visar också att majoriteten av företagen har tillräckligt stor kunskap för att använda 3-6 olika tekniker på ett bra sätt eller fullt ut. Det är tydligt att företagens kunskaper kring respektive teknik tenderar att öka benägenheten att använda densamma. Brainstorming, checklistor och SWOT-analys är alla populära tekniker att använda vid riskidentifiering. Samma tekniker är de som rankas högt när företagen listar vilka tekniker de kan använda bäst. Det finns ett antal olika vägar för den som vill forska vidare inom ämnet. En av dem är att göra en till studie som genomförs i syfte dels att bekräfta den undersökning som jag har gjort, men som också är större och inkluderar fler företag över en större area. Det skulle också vara möjligt att titta på riskidentifieringsteknikerna mer noggrant för att titta på vilken av dem som är bäst i vilken situation, fördelar och nackdelar, etcetera. / Risk assessments are a common way for organizations to address the risks and threats that the business may face. A vital part in a risk assessment is the first step which is to identify risks and threats, so-called risk identification. A Brazilian study indicates that knowledge about risk identification methods in Brazilian companies is generally low. Since there appears to be no or very little research on the subject applied to Swedish companies, I decided to investigate how much knowledge Swedish manufacturing companies headquartered in the Gothenburg region has regarding risk identification methods. The idea is that the outcome of the study could be used as a base in other scientific studies, but also that it should be possible to use a more practical application. The study was conducted with a quantitative survey in which I, as far as possible, tried to formulate questions and response options based on the standards that exist within the methodology literature. The questions covered whether the company in question had done a risk assessment before, how much knowledge they had about a number of mentioned methods for risk identification and if they had used any of these before. The population was restricted to only include companies that were within certain criteria’s. The questionnaire was then sent to the population of all 134 companies, of which 34 (25%) completed and submitted their answers. There were too few answers for the results to be generalized, but based on the conditions and limitations that have been presented the author believes that the study has good validity and reliability. The results of the survey show that 41% of the companies have undertaken a risk assessment in the past. However, lack of time and knowledge are two contributing factors to that some companies have chosen not to undertake a risk assessment. The results also shows that the majority of the companies have sufficient knowledge to use 3-6 different methods in either a sufficient way or to a full extent. It is clear that the usage of each method is aligned with the level of knowledge for that method – a method where the companies have a high average knowledge is likely to be more frequently used. Three examples are the use of brainstorming, checklists and SWOT-analysis which are all popular methods to use in the risk identification. The same methods are also those that rank high when companies list the methods they can use best. There are a number of different avenues for those wishing to do further research in this subject. One of them is to do the same kind of study, but to include more companies over a larger area. It would also be possible to look at the risk identification methods more closely to investigate which of them is best in which situation, with their respective advantages and disadvantages.

The thesis titled Risk analysis in a manufacturing company aims to analyze risks. The first part contains theoretical bases, which are important for practical application. These are mainly in using methods of risk analysis, classification and risk reduction options. The second part focuses on the identification of risk itself. After assessing the risks there will be assessed their impact. The last part will introduce measures that will lead to the elimination of the risk or to eliminate them completely. This thesis presents a comprehensive analysis of the risks that could serve as a basis for future management decisions in risk management.

Many construction projects suffer from mismanagement despite continuous improvement in the field of project risk management. With the construction boom in the Middle East, and especially the Gulf region, construction projects suffer from a high failure rate. The lack of the implementation of standard risk management methods in the construction industry of the Gulf region leads to construction projects that suffer from poor performance, delays, disputes and claims. In order to design a standard risk management model, there is a need for an in-depth study of the construction environment to lay down the foundation for designing a Standard Construction Risk Management Model in the future. This study aims to identify and assess risk factors during the construction phase of construction projects in the Gulf region focusing on two countries of the Gulf region – the State of Kuwait and Kingdom of Bahrain. The risk factors (RF) were identified and assessed and responsiblty shares were allocated to construction parties: clients, consultants and contractors. The research strategy was a Sequential mixed-method. It was adopted by means of interview surveys followed by a questionnaire. The study started with a qualitative approach in which eleven practitioners were interviewed to evaluate and validate a questionnaire. This was followed by questionnaires distributed to a representative sample of 140 consultants, 128 contractors and 139 clients in the State of Kuwait, in addition to 71 consultants, 99 contractors and 78 clients in the Kingdom of Bahrain, to assess the negative impact of the risk factors during the construction phase on the completion of construction projects. Parametric tests were used to analyse the collected data. Including, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test, the independent-samples t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) test. The study revealed a difference in perception of the risk factors negative impact on project completion between Kuwait and Bahrain, Bahrain perceives highest degree of impact on projects. On the categories level, both countries agreed on the Finance category as the main factor threatening project completion, and the External category as having the least impact. In Kuwait, almost all parties agreed on the negative impact of all categories on project completion except contractors who have different perception on management category. Furthermore, clients and consultants held different perceptions on the impact of design category. Bahrain results reveal significant differences in perceptions on the impact of categories between clients and the other parties, however there are slight differences between consultants and contractors in all categories. The limitations of the study include only large contractors and consultants in Kuwait and Bahrain were included in the study. The study was limited to the construction phase of construction projects and only six categories of risk factors were included in the study and This research was based on practitioners and participants opinions rather than actual occurrences on projects.

This master's thesis deals with the risk management of Restix s.r.o., which operates in the wedding services sector. The work is focused mainly on the understanding of the issue of risk management. Apply risk analysis methods to a particular business. And based on this application, creating suggestions to minimize the main risks that threaten the company.

The thesis deals with strategic and financial analysis in the company Účetnictví a daně OSNOVA, s.r.o. It is divided into four parts. In the first part, the thesis deals with the theoretical basis according to the literature. The analytical part introduces the company. In the practical part, strategic and financial analyzes are performed. In the last part, conclusion and suggestions, concrete measures to reduce the value of risks resulting from the performed analyzes are then discussed.

Compared to other areas of Finance, the field of Project Finance is a relatively unexplored area for both empirical and theoretical research. And in particular, most of the research to date has focused more narrowly on risk management through financial instruments. From another point of view and by looking at different types of projects, Cross Border projects are usually considered 'high risk', mostly due to a lack of adequate overseas environmental information and overseas project experience. Given this setting, this research aims to explore risks attributed to Cross Border Project Financed projects and understand why South African companies should or should not use Project Finance for their Cross Border projects.There were two phases to the research. The first phase consisted of an analysis of literature on Project Finance, the Cross Border project context and Risk Management processes and, the further analysis of fourteen case studies where Cross Border projects have used Project Finance. This was with the aim of extracting risks and relevant allocation and mitigation methods. The second phase consisted of ten interviews with South African Project Finance experts, based on findings from phase one. This phase’s aim was to explore the practical risk allocation and mitigation methods and compare them to what was said in theory, making recommendations for further research into Project Finance in South Africa.The first phase resulted in a broad description of the theory of risks associated with Cross Border Project Financed projects and those specific risks and allocation or mitigation methods addressed in Cross Border projects that have used Project Finance as their financing vehicle. The second phase produced a comparative scheme between what is being addressed in theory as risk allocation and mitigation methods and what is being exercised in South African Project Financed projects. This comparison showed that Project Finance is a recommended financing vehicle for Cross Border projects provided that required due diligence and homework are done upfront. It was concluded that there is a gap between theory and practice in terms of risk allocation and mitigation methods developed for Cross Border Project Financed projects. This research provided a framework to introduce similarities and differences between theory and practice and ended up with a set of recommendations for further research into Project Finance. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Actualmente, las complejidades de la cadena de suministro imponen enormes desafíos en las organizaciones. Esto ha intensificado la necesidad y búsqueda constante de una gestión eficiente y resiliente. No obstante, los riesgos que la amenazan surgen de forma agresiva en cualquier localización de la cadena logística y su impacto podría no ser siempre superado favorablemente por las empresas (Mulyati, 2015). Asimismo, los gerentes del área de gestión de riesgos de la cadena de suministros deben gestionar muchos riesgos en sus entornos cada vez más competitivos, esto significaba amortiguar las incertidumbres y las probables disrupciones. La gestión de riesgos puede ser un enfoque eficaz para hacer frente a estas incertidumbres (David Simchi-Levi, 2015). El propósito de este documento es explorar el fenómeno de la gestión de riesgos, así como las posibles estrategias aplicadas ante la probabilidad de riesgo en la cadena de suministro. Por ello el desarrollo de esta investigación contribuirá a los aportes académicos obtenidos los últimos años, en concordancia al tema que se propone. Asimismo, tiene como uno de sus principales objetivos sumar y consolidar las diversas fuentes de investigación, los enfoques, estrategias y evidencias de gestión y tratamiento de riesgos dentro de la cadena de suministro. En tal sentido la información obtenida, posibilitará no solo ser utilizada por diversas organizaciones, sino también incrementar el panorama y perspectivas de mayor alcance de los gerentes de riesgo, de cara a una toma de decisión basada en la experiencia y resultado de otras organizaciones ubicadas alrededor del mundo. / Currently, the complexities of the supply chain impose enormous challenges on organizations. This has intensified the need and constant search for an efficient and resilient management. However, the risks that threaten it arise aggressively in any location in the logistics chain and its impact may not always be favorably overcome by companies (Mulyati, 2015). Likewise, managers of the risk management area of ​​the supply chain must manage many risks in their increasingly competitive environments, this meant cushioning uncertainties and probable disruptions. Risk management can be an effective approach to dealing with these uncertainties (David Simchi-Levi, 2015). The purpose of this document is to explore the phenomenon of risk management, as well as the possible strategies applied to the probability of risk in the supply chain. Therefore, the development of this research will contribute to the academic contributions obtained in recent years, in accordance with the proposed theme. It also has as one of its main objectives to add and consolidate the various sources of research, approaches, strategies and evidence of management and treatment of risks within the supply chain. In this sense, the information obtained will make it possible not only to be used by different organizations, but also to increase the outlook and perspectives of the risk managers, in order to make a decision based on the experience and results of other organizations located around of the world. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

The pharmaceutical industry has received increasing attention from society in recent years, mainly due to the development of vaccines to counteract the spread of Covid-19. While other industries have received sympathy for delays, inconveniences, and difficulties the pressure towards the pharmaceutical industry to produce the vaccine against the virus has increased. However, the Covid-19 pandemic has left no one untouched, it has affected the global economy, increased the unemployment rate, reduced incomes, and resulted in disruption for transportation. The Covid-19 pandemic has also left its mark in the pharmaceutical industry. When lockdowns were implemented, it caused restrictions of in country and cross border movements, hampering the transportation and delivery of pharmaceutical suppliers, causing shortages or disruptions. This has resulted in an industry where unpredictability is constant, while still aspiring to provide stability and safe products for the patients through their projects. Even though the industry is known for working on projects, it is still immature in comparison to other industries, regarding project management knowledge, and therefore also knowledge about risk management. Generally, the pharmaceutical industry is hesitant towards risk and being cautious can be beneficial when managing risk. However, the pharmaceutical industry is dependent on innovation and development of new medicines which is often associated with taking risks.  The purpose of this thesis is to provide insights into the beginning stages of risk management for projects within the pharmaceutical industry, during the covid-19 pandemic in Sweden. The Swedish pharmaceutical industry has during 2020 broken new records regarding exports and increased the volume by ten percent whereas the general export in Sweden has decreased. This study explores pharmaceutical projects’ risk identification by interviewing eight active project members who have been a part of projects both before and during the Covid-19 pandemic.  A qualitative method was chosen for this study, paired with grounded theory that has provided us with several implications for pharmaceutical projects and their risk identification. We have discovered indications for the structure of the risk identification process. This structure indicates four separate steps of the risk identification process. The first step is classifying risk, where cross-functionality plays an important role. Afterwards, the risk identification process enters the complex environment and continues to the second step. This step initiates the risk search - mixed approach, consisting of the individual and collective approaches towards risk search. Here, pharmaceutical projects can take guidance from stakeholders such as regulatory authorities. The third step is reaction which can be altered by unpredictable disruptions or governed by the stakeholders. In this case, the project re-assesses and returns to the second step risk search - mixed approach. However, if the reaction is not to re-assess, the process continues to the fourth step temporarily completed risk identification. Then, due to the long project lifespans, the project will ultimately return to the first step and repeat the risk identification process.  Our study contributes to new insights into pharmaceutical risk identification in several theoretical ways. Mainly, we have shown that contrary to previous theories, the pharmaceutical project risk identification entails the classifying of risks before the risk search. Additionally, our findings generate insights for practical purposes for project members and relevant stakeholders.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第24935号 / 情博第846号 / 新制||情||142(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 黒田 知宏, 教授 矢守 克也, 教授 曽我部 真裕 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DGAM