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The influence of family dynamics on adolescents deviant and sexual risk behaviour in a migration affected community in South Africa: an evidence for public health interventionAnyanwu, Felix Chima 18 May 2018 (has links)
PhD (Public Health) / Department of Public Health / The well-being of adolescents’ population is a major concern to policy makers, educators and
researchers all over the world. Research has shown that adolescents engage in deviant and risky
sexual behaviour, and such behaviour may have consequences for their present or future health.
Likewise, it has been shown that adolescents are also known to conform to societal norms if they
are given proper guidance. In the light of this, the present study proposed to explore and explain
the influence of family dynamics in the occurrence of adolescents deviant and sexual risk
behaviour.
This study involved a sequential explorative, descriptive and analytic mixed method design,
combining both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The study was divided into
three (3) phases. Phase 1 was purely qualitative in nature, where a total of 10 parents and 13
adolescents were engaged in an in-depth interview. Phase 2 was quantitative in nature, using a
cross-sectional analytic design involving 388 adolescents, while Phase 3 was the development of
a public health intervention to mitigate the influence of family dynamics on adolescent deviant and
sexual risk behaviour. The qualitative data were analysed using thematic content analysis, while
the quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)
version 22. The Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, multinomial and binary logistic regression
were used to compare differences between the dependent and independent variables. The level
of statistical difference was set at p<0.05.
Couple conflicts was a common finding in the study. In addition, many families suffered severe
financial constraints and some parents were disconnected from their children physically,
emotionally and financially (particularly the fathers). Adolescents claim that the age difference
between them and their parents remains a barrier to communication, in addition, some
participants claimed that they received little or no sex education from their parents. The present
study found a high level of recent physical violence (30%), alcohol (52.9%) and drug use (10%)
among participants. The level of sexual activity in this study was high, with 60.1% of the
participants being sexually active and 23.1% having been pregnant. In addition, only 35.6% using
condoms regularly. There was gender difference among participants on the following variables:
cigarette smoking, teenage pregnancy and having multiple sexual partners. Furthermore,
participants differed significantly across age group on the following variables: cigarette smoking,
sexual activity, having friends who are sexually active, reported pregnancy and currently having
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a relationship. However, ‘relationship with mother’ was the family dynamic variable that recorded
a wider effect on deviant and sexual risk behaviour. Furthermore, age, duration of stay in the
community, living with siblings, relationship with mother, having enough money at home, being
supported emotionally at home and parental love for each other, were predictors of deviant and
sexual risk behaviour in the present study. There was also low level of risk perception and low
level of skill for self-protection among the participants. As part of the objectives of the present
study, the study findings were used to develop an evidence-based public health programme
targeted at vulnerable adolescents and adolescents at high risk for deviant and sexual risk
behaviour. It is hoped that this programme will be able to empower parents and caregivers to
apply better parenting practices to forestall undue exposure of adolescents to factors that
contribute to deviant and sexual risk behaviour.
The present study demonstrated that although adolescents have the propensity for deviant
behaviours, many may transit to adulthood without much adverse sequelae even in the face of
harsh family social and economic adversities. However, a proportion of the adolescent population
in this community remains vulnerable due to the effects of family de-structuring, poverty and
unemployment. / NRF
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High school teenage girls' knowledge and perceptions of the risks of Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Tshwane, South AfricaChadyiwanembwa, Noliwe 09 1900 (has links)
Summaries in English and Shona / Introduction
Despite wide spread information and knowledge of HIV and AIDS transmission, High school
teenage girls continued to engage in risky sexual behaviour in Tshwane, a District of Gauteng
Province of South Africa. Age-parity relationships between High school teenage girls and older
men known as “Sugar Daddies” or “Blessers”, who showered High school teenage girls with
money and expensive gifts, were believed to be spreading HIV. High school teenage girls
failed to negotiate condom use due to lack of autonomy, coupled with sexual violence, resulting
in HIV transmission. Consequently, Tshwane became one of the highest HIV burdened cities
in South Africa.
Purpose of the study
This study explored and described the High school teenage girls’ knowledge and perceptions
of the risks of human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome in
Tshwane, a District of Gauteng Province of South Africa.
Method
The study used a quantitative approach. The data were collected using questionnaires. The
population comprised of all girls aged 15 to 19 at a selected High school. The sample consisted
of 109 girls. Systematic sampling was used. The study was conducted in the school hall of a
selected High school. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23 program.
Results
Generally, the High school teenage girls’ HIV knowledge was very high (84.4%) as compared
to their knowledge on AIDS (3.7%). Only 10.1% of the High school teenage girls knew what
the window period entailed. They were aware of HIV preventive measures evidenced by
abstinence ranking first (1) and had the highest score of five (5). 17.4% of the High school
teenage girls doubted the usefulness of the condom in combating HIV infection. Health care
workers were easily accessible (30.3%). The television was the most available mass media
(92%). The radio was most preferred (31%). High school teenage girls preferred to discuss
HIV related information with their peers and friends (50%). 42% of the High school teenage
girls preferred to discuss sex related topics with parents or guardians. Those who were below
18-years were 7.2 times less likely to have sex. 90% of the 19-year-old girls had had sex.
Therefore, High school teenage girls’ perception of HIV risk was low because they continued
to be involved in concurrent multiple relationships although 90% of those involved were using
condoms.
Conclusion
Although High school teenage girls proved that they had knowledge of HIV and AIDS, they
still had a low perception of HIV risk because they were involved in concurrent multiple sexual
relationships with older men. / Habedi, Debbie Kgomotso / Kunyangwe vane ruzivo rwechirwere cheshura matongo, vasikana vane makore ari pakati
pegumi nematatu negumi nemapfumbamwe vari kuenderera mberi nekuita unhu unoita kuti
vabatwe nechirwere cheshuramatongo (AIDS). Vasikana ava vari kudanana nevarume vakuru
kuvadarika vamwe masadzimba zvinoita kuti vatapurirwe utachiona hweHIV zvinoita kuti
vasikana vane hutachiona uhwu vawandise muguta reTshwane, mudunhu reGauteng munyika
yeSouth Africa. Vanasikana ava vanopuwa mari nekutengerwa mbozhanhre nenguvo
zvinodhura nekudya tunonaka. Nekuda kwekuti varume vanesimba rehudzvinyiriri
nekuvarwisa, muAfrica, vasikana ava havakwanisi kushandisa makondomu kuzvidzivirira
kubva kuhutachiona hweHIV. Ndosaka guta reTshwane raita mukurumbira munyika yeSouth
Africa nekuti vanasikana vane hutachiona hweHIV vari kuwandisa.
Gwaro iri rinoongorora nekutsanangura ruzivo uye maonero evanasikana huipi hwechirwe
cheshuramatongo muguta guru reTShwane, mudunhu reGauteng. Munyika yeSouth Africa. Mafambiro Egwaro
Gwaro iri riri kuongorora nekutsanangura ruzivo nemaonerwo anoitwa hutachiona hweHIV
nechirwere cheshuramatongo nevasikana vari pakati pemakore gumi nemakore matatu
nevanegumi nemakore mapfumbamwe pachikoro chesekonari chakasarudzwa mugutu guru
reTshwane, mudunhu reGauteng, munyika yeSouth Africa. Vasikana vaka pindura mibvunzo
pamusoro peruzivo rwavaiva narwo uye zvakanyangara zvinoita kuti vabatwe nehutachiona
hweHIV. Vasikana zana nevapfumbamwe ndivo vakapindura mibvunzo. Vasikana vakapindura
mibvunza yaiva pamapepa muhoro yepachikoro pavo.
Zvakabuda Muchidzidzo
Zvakaonekwa kuti vasikana vane ruzivo rwechirwere cheshuramatongo asi vane zvimwe
zvinhu zvavasinga nzwisisi pamusoro pechirwere ichi zvekuzvidzivirira. Vasikana havakwanisi
kupa mutsauko wehutachiona (HIV) nechirwere cheshuramatongo (AIDS). Vanasikana
vazhinji vanofunga kuti hutachiona hweHIV hunotapurirwana pakutsvodana uye pakushandisa zvimbuzi. Vasikana vazhinji havakwanisi kutsanangura nguva inogara hutachina hweHIV
mumuviri hwusati hwaonekwa kuti hurimo. Vasikana havana chokwadi chekuti makondomu
anogona kudzivirira hutachiona hweHIV kuti hwusapinda mumuviri nguva dzebonde.
Vadzidzisi vechikoro ndivo vakasarudzwa kuti vane ruzivo rwechirwere cheshuramatongo.
Vasikana havafariri kudzidziswa nezve chirwere cheshuramatongo nevabereki vavo.
Vanofarira kukurukura nezvechirwere ichi nevanhu vezera ravo. Vasikana vasingagari
nevabereki vavo vanoita bonde kudarika vanogara nevabereki vavo uye vanoita bonde
nevadiwa vazhinji vamwe vacho varume vakuru madzisaimba. Vasikana vanotaridza kusatya
kubatwa nechirwere chishuramatongo nemhaka yehunhu wawo hwakashata hweku danana
nevarume vazhinji uye kusashandisa makondomu nguva dzebonde. Mhendero
Zvidzidzo zvinopiwa vasikana zvinechekuita nezvepabonde zvinofanira kuongororwa
zvipamhidzirwe kuti vasikana vagone kuzvidzivirira kuchirwere cheshuramatongo.
Madzimudzangara netelevhizhoni zvino kurudzirwa kudzidzisa mitambo nedzimbo
dzinodzidzisa pamusoro pekudzivirira chirwere cheshuramatongo. Vabereki vanofanira
kudzidziswawo kuti vagone kudzidzisa vana vavo kuti vagone kuzvidzivirira kuti vasabatwa
nechirwere ichi. Vanasikana vanofanirwa kudzidziswa kushandisa makondomu pese
pavanoita bonde. Makondomu anofanira kuiswa pachena paano kwanisa kuwonekwa
nevasikana. / Health Studies / M.P.H. (Health Studies)
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An investigation into the risk behaviour regarding HIV transmission among youth in BulawayoBanana, Catrine 30 November 2007 (has links)
The study sought to explore and describe the risk behaviour regarding HIV transmission among youth in Bulawayo, their knowledge of HIV transmission and the sources of information on HIV transmission accessible to them. A quantitative, descriptive exploratory design was used and 238 youth from three secondary schools in Bulawayo, the second largest city in Zimbabwe were the respondents. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to facilitate and acquire insight into the risk behaviour among the youth.
The inferences drawn from the study were that youth have inadequate knowledge about HIV transmission and therefore do not fully understand their risk of infection. Youth also find shyness and fear of rejection serious barriers to communicating openly about sexuality, sexual and HIV/AIDS issues. The findings of the study have implications for programmes to limit HIV transmission among youth and should assist policymakers and educators in developing and implementing such programmes in order to improve the health of youth in Zimbabwe. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)
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An investigation into the risk behaviour regarding HIV transmission among youth in BulawayoBanana, Catrine 30 November 2007 (has links)
The study sought to explore and describe the risk behaviour regarding HIV transmission among youth in Bulawayo, their knowledge of HIV transmission and the sources of information on HIV transmission accessible to them. A quantitative, descriptive exploratory design was used and 238 youth from three secondary schools in Bulawayo, the second largest city in Zimbabwe were the respondents. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to facilitate and acquire insight into the risk behaviour among the youth.
The inferences drawn from the study were that youth have inadequate knowledge about HIV transmission and therefore do not fully understand their risk of infection. Youth also find shyness and fear of rejection serious barriers to communicating openly about sexuality, sexual and HIV/AIDS issues. The findings of the study have implications for programmes to limit HIV transmission among youth and should assist policymakers and educators in developing and implementing such programmes in order to improve the health of youth in Zimbabwe. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)
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